To analyze the preoperative and postoperative characteristics of the patients over 80 years of age who had undergone cataract extraction, we reviewed the clinical records of 120 patients(167 eyes) over 80 years of age. The preoperative visual acuity was worse than 2/20 in 139 eyes(84%) and the preoperative visual acuity of 76 eyes(45%) were hand motion or worse. One hundred and twelve eyes(67%) had cataract more dense than nucleosclerosis of grade III and 54 eyes had total cataract. Seven patients were not cooperative enough to check the postoperative visual acuity. Among the 113 patients(156 eyes) with the measured postoperative visual acuity, 73 eyes(47%) resulted in the visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Among 83 patients with the postoperative visual acuity less than 20/40, the ocular 28 eyes. In conclusion, 25%(39 eyes among 156 eyes) of the patients older than 80 years could not see better than 20/40 after cataract surgery without any ocular organic pathologies. Age factor can have the predictive value of visual outcome after cataract extraction.
Age Factors ; Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Hand ; Humans ; Pathology ; Visual Acuity

Using a white rabbit model, the effect of the haptic portion of the intraocular lens (IOL) and intracapsular ring on the development of posterior capsular opacification (PCO) after extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with phacoemulsification was studied. Implantation of both the intracapsular ring and IOL developed less PCO than implantation of the IOL alone. ECCE followed by implantation of the intracapsular ring alone also developed less PCO than ECCE alone. Through this experimental work in a rabbit model, it could be conceived that the haptic portion of IOL and the intracapsular ring can prevent the development of PCO.
Animal ; Cataract/prevention & control* ; Cataract/pathology ; Cataract Extraction ; Lens Capsule, Crystalline* ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Male ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Rabbits

A retrospective study of 50 consecutive, planned extracapsular cataract extraction with Sheets posterior chamber lens(Model 30LE) inserted in the capsular bag on the outcome between six and twelve months postoperatively, was carried out. Visual improvement of 20/40 or better was obtained in 94.7% as the patients with preexisting ocular pathology were excluded. The postoperative complications consisted of transient iritis in three cases, posterior capsular opacity in one case, and iris capture in one case. The endocapsular cataract extraction with Sheets lens implantation seems to be more safe and effective surgical procedure than any other technique in the case of hypermature cataract.
Cataract Extraction* ; Cataract* ; Humans ; Iris ; Iritis ; Methods ; Pathology ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term characteristics of cataracts among adults aged 30 to 49 years in Korean over a span of 10 years. METHODS: Subjects between the ages of 30 to 49 years who underwent cataract surgery at St. Mary's Hospital from 1995 to 2004 (n = 976) were included. Patients with a history of ocular trauma, uveitis, other ocular or systemic diseases, and congenital cataracts were excluded. Additional information including type of lens opacity, urban/rural region, and pre- and postoperative visual acuities were analyzed. Lens opacity grading was conducted using Lens Opacity Classification System III. The Cochran-Armitage proportion trend test was used to analyze vision changes with the passage of time. RESULTS: Among the patients who had undergone cataract surgeries, 8.8% (976 / 11,111) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 41.7 +/- 5.45 years. Gender breakdown of the patient population included 79.0% male and 21.0% female. In terms of home environment, 60.9% were from an urban region and 39.1% from a rural region. Opacity type included anterior polar (AP), posterior subcapsular (PSC), AP and PSC, cortical, and nuclear in 35.7%, 35.1%, 7.0%, 6.0%, and 5.4% of patients, respectively. At a 2-month postoperative follow-up appointment, 92.7% of patients showed a best-corrected visual acuity of more than 20 / 40. CONCLUSIONS: Predominance of AP and PSC opacities as well as male patients was observed in this study population.
Adult ; Age Distribution ; Age Factors ; Cataract/*epidemiology/pathology ; *Cataract Extraction ; Female ; *Forecasting ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lens Capsule, Crystalline/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To assess the reproducibility of circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thickness measurement (measurement agreement) and its color-coded classification (classification agreement) by Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in pseudophakic eyes. METHODS: Two-hundred five participants having glaucoma or glaucoma suspected eyes underwent two repeated Cirrus OCT scans to measure cpRNFL thickness (optic disc cube 200 x 200). After classifying participants into three different groups according to their lens status (clear media, cataract, and pseudophakic), values of intra-class coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variance, and test-retest variability were compared between groups for average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses and that corresponding to four quadrant maps. Linear weighted kappa coefficients were calculated as indicators of agreement of color code classification in each group. RESULTS: ICC values were all excellent (generally defined as 0.75 to 1.00) for the average and quadrant RNFL thicknesses in all three groups. ICC values of the clear media group tended to be higher than those in the cataract and pseudophakic groups for all quadrants and average thickness. Especially in the superior and nasal quadrants, the ICC value of the cataract group was significantly lower than that of the clear media and pseudophakic groups. For average RNFL thickness, classification agreement (kappa) in three groups did not show a statistically significant difference. For quadrant maps, classification agreement (kappa) in the clear media group was higher than those in the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Agreement of cpRNFL measurement and its color code classification between two repeated Cirrus OCT scans in pseudophakic eyes was as good as that in eyes with clear crystalline lens. More studies are required to ascertain the effect of lens status on the reproducibility of Cirrus OCT according to different stages of glaucoma patients.
Aged ; Cataract/complications ; Cataract Extraction ; Female ; Glaucoma/complications/*pathology ; Humans ; Lens, Crystalline/cytology/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Fibers/pathology ; Optic Disk/pathology ; Pseudophakia/complications ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*pathology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods/*standards

PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power predictions for cataract surgery in eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma (ACG). Because of shifting of the capsular bag apparatus and shortening of the axial length, preoperative calculation of IOL power may be inaccurate for eyes with ACG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective comparative case series comprised of 42 eyes from 42 patients with primary ACG and 45 eyes from 45 subjects with normal open-angles undergoing uneventful cataract surgery. Anterior segment biometry including anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and axial length were compared. Using the SRK-II formula, the powers of the implanted IOL and the actual postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) refractive errors were compared between the two groups. Also, the absolute values of differences between predicted and residual SE refractive errors were also analyzed for each group. RESULTS: In ACG patients, anterior chamber depth and axial length were shorter and the lens was thicker than normal controls (all p < 0.001). Even though residual SE refractive error was not significantly different (p = 0.290), the absolute value of the difference between predicted and residual SE refractive error was 0.64 +/- 0.50 diopters in AGC patients and 0.39 +/- 0.36 diopters in control subjects (p = 0.012). The number of eyes that resulted in inaccurate IOL power predictions of more than 0.5 diopters were 21 (50.00%) in the ACG group, but only 12 (26.67%) in the control group (p = 0.043). CONCLUSION: IOL power predictions for cataract surgery in ACG patients can be inaccurate, and it may be associated with their unique anterior segment anatomy.
Biometry ; *Cataract Extraction ; Eye/anatomy & histology/pathology ; *Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; *Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Retrospective Studies

INTRODUCTIONTo evaluate whether eyes with longer axial lengths are associated more often with clinically significant cataracts than eyes with shorter axial lengths.

MATERIAL AND METHODSCharts of consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery by 4 resident surgeons at Los Angeles County Hospital from July 2001 through May 2002 were retrospectively reviewed. Those patients whose axial lengths were significantly different between the 2 eyes (>or=0.30 mm) and who had no pathology (other than cataracts) affecting visual acuity were included in the study. The 2 eyes in each patient were compared for preoperative best-corrected visual acuity and severity of cataracts.

RESULTSThirty-four of 353 patients had interocular axial length differences of at least 0.3 mm and were included in this study. Thirty-one patients had worse, 1 had equal, and 2 had better preoperative vision in the eye with longer versus the shorter axial length. Fourteen patients had more severe, 11 had the same, and 1 had less severe posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) in the eye with longer axial length. In 8 patients, PSC severity could not be assessed due to obscuring nuclear sclerosis. Twenty-four patients had more severe, 7 patients had equal, and 3 patients had less severe nuclear sclerosis in the longer eye. Overall, longer axial lengths correlated with worse visual acuity, posterior subcapsular cataracts, and nuclear sclerosis. Diabetic status did not affect the correlation. The correlations were stronger with greater axial length asymmetry.

CONCLUSIONSEyes with longer axial lengths have a higher prevalence of cataracts.

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of ocular diseases in infants visiting the ophthalmology department of a tertiary care hospital. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the department of ophthalmology, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, from January 2015 to May 2016. The study included 377 infants ranging in age from 1 day to less than 1 year who were, selected by a nonprobability consecutive sampling technique. A detailed history was taken, and a complete ocular examination was performed. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the mean and standard deviation for age. Frequencies were calculated for ocular diseases along with the percentages. Outcome variables included various congenital and acquired diseases such as conjunctivitis, congenital cataract, glaucoma, nasolacrimal duct blockage, squint, trauma, and fundus abnormalities. RESULTS: The mean age of infants was 5.0 ± 3.7 months. There were 196 (52%) males and 181 (48%) females. The sample included 330 (87.5%) full term infants. Acquired ocular diseases occurred in 230 (61%) infants; and congenital diseases, in 147 (39%). The most common ocular disease was conjunctivitis, which occurred in 173 (46%) infants, followed by congenital blocked nasolacrimal duct, which occurred in 57 (15 %) infants. Conjunctivitis was more common among neonates than infants. CONCLUSIONS: Acquired ocular diseases were more common than congenital ocular diseases. The most common ocular pathology was conjunctivitis, followed by congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, in infants. Conjunctivitis was more common in neonates than infants.
Cataract ; Conjunctivitis ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Ophthalmology ; Pathology ; Strabismus ; Tertiary Healthcare

Gigantol is a phenolic component of precious Chinese medicine Dendrobii Caulis, which has many pharmacological activities such as prevent tumor and diabetic cataract. This paper aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of gigantol in transmembrane transport in human lens epithelial cells(HLECs). Immortalized HLECs were cultured in vitro and inoculated in the laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM) medium at 5 000 cells/mL. The fluorescence distribution and intensity of gigantol marked by fluorescence in HLECs were observed by LSCM, and the absorption and distribution of gigantol were expressed as fluorescence intensity. The transmembrane transport process of gigantol in HLECs were monitored. The effects of time, temperature, concentration, transport inhibitors, and different cell lines on the transmembrane absorption and transport of gigantol were compared. HLECs were inoculated on climbing plates of 6-well culture plates, and the ultrastructure of HLECs was detected by atomic force microscopy(AFM) during the transmembrane absorption of non-fluorescent labeled gigantol. The results showed that the transmembrane absorption of gigantol was in time and concentration-dependent manners, which was also able to specifically target HLECs. Energy and carrier transport inhibitors reduced gigantol absorption by HLECs. During transmembrane process of gigantol, the membrane surface of HLECs became rougher and presented different degrees of pits, indicating that the transmembrane transport of gigantol was achieved by active absorption of energy and carrier-mediated endocytosis.
Humans ; Lens, Crystalline/pathology* ; Cataract/prevention & control* ; Bibenzyls/pharmacology* ; Epithelial Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Apoptosis

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical data and genetic characteristics of a child with CLN1 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in conjunct with Hereditary hyperferritinemia cataract syndrome (HHCS). METHODS: A child who was admitted to the PICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in November 2020 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child was collected. Genetic testing was carried out for the child, and the result was analyzed in the light of literature review to explore the clinical and genetic characteristics to facilitate early identification. RESULTS: The patient, a 3-year-old male, had mainly presented with visual impairment, progressive cognitive and motor regression, and epilepsy. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed deepened sulci in bilateral cerebral hemispheres, and delayed myelination. The activity of palmitoyl protein thioesterase was low (8.4 nmol/g/min, reference range: 132.2 ~ 301.4 nmol/g/min), whilst serum ferritin was increased (2417.70 ng/mL, reference range: 30 ~ 400 ng/ml). Fundoscopy has revealed retinal pigment degeneration. Whole exome sequencing revealed that he has harbored c.280A>C and c.124-124+3delG compound heterozygous variants of the PPT1 gene, which were respectively inherited from his father and mother. Neither variant has been reported previously. The child has also harbored a heterozygous c.-160A>G variant of the FTL gene, which was inherited from his father. Based on the clinical phenotype and results of genetic testing, the child was diagnosed as CLN1 and HHCS. CONCLUSION The compound heterozygous variants of the PPT1 gene probably underlay the disorders in this child. For children with CLN1 and rapidly progressing visual impairment, ophthalmological examination should be recommended, and detailed family history should be taken For those suspected for HHCS, genetic testing should be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Cataract/genetics* ; Genetic Testing ; Mutation ; Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinoses/pathology* ; Vision Disorders/genetics*