No Abstract Available.
Case-Control Studies*

No abstract available.
Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies

No abstract available.
Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies

No abstract available.
Case-Control Studies ; Ovarian Neoplasms

No abstract available.
Case-Control Studies* ; Humans* ; Panax*

No abstract available.
Alopecia* ; Case-Control Studies* ; Comorbidity*

Background: Polypharmacy has been linked to multiple undesirable effects notably medication, non-compliance and adverse drug reactions. Objective: This case-control study aimed to determine the association between polypharmacy and dementia among Filipino elderly patients in a tertiary care hospital in Metro Manila, Philippines. Methods: The average daily use of medications was compared between cases and controls composed of admitted Filipino elderly patients with and without dementia, respectively, while controlling for co-morbidities and sociodemographic factors. Data collection was accomplished by obtaining relevant information from medical records. These underwent descriptive statistical analysis, chi-square test, and logistic regression. The odds ratio between dementia and polypharmacy was ultimately determined, among other variables. Results: The incidence of polypharmacy is 12.6% greater in those with diagnosed dementia vis-à-vis those without. Although multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of dementia was 1.474 (95% CI 0.834–2.604) for those considered to experience polypharmacy compared to patients using four or less drugs, none of the variables identified, including polypharmacy, have p-values of less than 0.05. Conclusion The risk of developing dementia does not have a statistically significant association with the number of regularly administered medications in the Filipino elderly. Other variables also revealed no significant correlation on both bivariate and multivariate analyses. This may be the first study to report such an absence of association, particularly in the Philippines, and thus calls for further research and investigation on this subject.
Polypharmacy ; Dementia ; Case-Control Studies

Background: Childcare is a challenging task particularly for caregivers in urban slums. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) aims to improve the beneficiaries' caregiving practices, which could compensate for the negative effects of poverty on children's nutritional status. Objective: To determine the association of childcare practices (CCP) and stunting among children beneficiaries residing in Pasay City. Methodology: This nested case-control study included 7 to 9 year-old children cohorts who were enrolled in the 4Ps in 2008, comprising of 82 stunted and 97 normal children. The outcome and predictor variables were the child's height-for-age z score (HAZ) and household CCP, respectively. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between the desirability of HH CCP and stunting, and HH CCP score and HAZ, respectively. Results: Six out of 10 beneficiaries had “desirable” CCP. Stunting was more likely observed among children whose households have undesirable CCP; who were enrolled in 4Ps at a younger age; had low birth weights; male; whose primary caregivers are less than 40 years old; whose maternal heights are less than 151 cm; whose primary caregivers had less than 7 years of education; and whose monthly household income is less than PhP 9,000. Undesirable CCP is associated with stunting, and the HH CCP score had a positive relationship with HAZ score among children. Conclusion Desirable CCP decrease the likelihood of stunting among children. Therefore, improving the childcare practices of beneficiaries could decrease the prevalence of childhood stunting.
Case-Control Studies ; Child Care

Background: Bacteremia is a major cause of prolonged hospital stay and mortality in neonates and its early diagnosis remains a challenge to pediatricians. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a component of a complete blood count test which is accessible and inexpensive and has been reported to be a possible diagnostic marker for neonatal bacteremia. This study determined the association of RDW with neonatal bacteremia in term and preterm neonates. Methodology: This is a retrospective case-control study of 26 bacteremic neonates as cases and 104 non-bacteremic neonates, either symptomatic or with risk factors for bacteremia, as controls. Included newborns were seen between January 1, 2010 to September 30, 2021. Laboratory data obtained were CBC, C-reactive protein and blood culture. Results: RDW values between bacteremic and non-bacteremic neonates were not significantly different. There was an association between RDW and neonatal bacteremia at an RDW level of > 16.1, where the likelihood of bacteremia was three times higher compared with lower RDW values. Significantly lower levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC count, WBC count, platelet count, MCH and MCHC, and a higher CRP level were seen among bacteremic neonates compared to those who were not. The median RDW for both term and preterm neonates was close to 16, with a narrow inter-quartile range at 1 and 2 for controls and cases, respectively. The range (minimum to maximum) of RDW values of bacteremic preterm neonates was more variable than those of term neonates. Using RDW to detect bacteremia, it had an equivocal discriminatory power or AUC of 0.6056. We found insufficient evidence to demonstrate a correlation between RDW and other CBC parameters, except for MCHC. For MCHC, the results suggest a very weak and indirect correlation. Conclusion RDW was not significantly different between bacteremic and non-bacteremic neonates, but there was a suggested association between RDW and bacteremia at an RDW level of > 16.1, at which level there was a 3-fold risk for bacteremia.
Erythrocyte Indices ; Case-Control Studies

An appropriate research design for hypotheses and purposes leads to a good quality of research results. In this review article, we summarized the types of research methods and described the characteristics of clinical trials. Research designs are categorized into observational studies and experimental ones, depending on data collecting methods. In an observational study, there are cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies. Parallel groups design and crossover trial studies are representative designs in a randomized controlled trial study, a kind of experimental study. Clinical researchers should understand the characteristics of clinical research designs including advantages and disadvantages and choose the suitable design according to their study purposes and the nature of collected data or subjects.
Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Research Design