Tongue osteocartilaginous choristoma is the disease that there are well-developed bone and cartilage in the tongue. This article reported a case of tongue osteocartilaginous choristoma in the oral-cavity,which is rare.
Cartilage ; Choristoma ; Humans ; Tongue Diseases

POLYCHONDRITIS ; RELAPSING CARTILAGE DISEASES MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES

Aged ; Cartilage Diseases ; Humans ; Male ; Thyroid Cartilage ; pathology

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is an uncommon benign disease of an unknown etiology and it affects the cartilaginous walls of large airways. Most cases of TO have been reported to involve the lower two-thirds of the trachea and the proximal bronchi. Unlike the usual cases of TO, exclusive bronchial involvement and the formation of a solitary mass are very rare. We experienced an unusual case that had exclusive bronchial involvement and the formation of a solitary mass and this all mimicked lung malignancy. After surgical resection, we were finally able to diagnose the mass as bronchopathia osteochondroplastica.
Bronchi ; Cartilage Diseases ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Osteochondrodysplasias ; Trachea ; Tracheal Diseases

Osteochondral lesion is a major joint disease in humans. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the regeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, using three-dimensional constructs of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells without any biocompatible scaffolds. Mesenchymal stromal cells were harvested by liposuction from seven pigs, isolated enzymatically, and expanded until construct creation. The pig models had two osteochondral defects (cylindrical defects with a diameter of 5.2 mm and a depth of 5 mm) in one of their patello-femoral grooves. A columnar structure consisting of approximately 770 spheroids of 5 × 10⁴ autologous mesenchymal stromal cells were implanted into one of the defects (implanted defect), while the other defect was not implanted (control). The defects were evaluated pathologically at 6 months (in three pigs) and 12 months (in five pigs) after implantation. At 6 months after surgery, histopathology revealed active endochondral ossification underneath the plump fibrocartilage in the implanted defects, but a deficiency of fibrocartilaginous coverage in the controls. At 12 months after surgery, the fibrocartilage was transforming into hyaline cartilage as thick as the surrounding normal cartilage and the subchondral bone was thickening in the implanted defects. The histological averages of the implanted sites were significantly higher than those in the control sites at both 6 and 12 months after surgery. The implantation of a scaffold-free three-dimensional construct of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells into an osteochondral defect can induce regeneration of hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone structures over a period of 12 months.
Adipose Tissue ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular ; Fibrocartilage ; Humans ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Joint Diseases ; Lipectomy ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Regeneration ; Swine

Genetic studies and molecular cloning approaches have been successfully used to identify several transcription factors that regulate the numerous stages of cartilage development. Sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 9 (Sox9) is an essential transcription factor for the initial stage of cartilage development. Sox5 and Sox6 play an important role in the chondrogenic action of Sox9, presumably by defining its cartilage specificity. Several transcription factors have been identified as transcriptional partners for Sox9 during cartilage development. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Runx3 are necessary for hypertrophy of chondrocytes. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) function as co-activators for Runx2 during hypertrophy of chondrocytes. In addition, myocyte-enhancer factor 2C (Mef2C) is required for initiation of chondrocyte hypertrophy, presumably by functioning upstream of Runx2. Importantly, the pathogenic roles of several transcription factors in osteoarthritis have been demonstrated based on the similarity of pathological phenomena seen in osteoarthritis with chondrocyte hypertrophy. We discuss the importance of investigating cellular and molecular properties of articular chondrocytes and degradation mechanisms in osteoarthritis, one of the most common cartilage diseases.
Activating Transcription Factor 4 ; Cartilage Diseases ; Cartilage* ; Chondrocytes ; Cloning, Molecular ; Hypertrophy ; Osteoarthritis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Transcription Factors*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of Dual Echo in State(DESS) image in the diagnosis of chondromalacia of the knee compared with turbo spin-echo MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 26 patients with chondromalacia of the knee. MR imaging was obtained with a 1.5T imager. Sagittal and coronal double echo T2 weighted images(TR/TE 3000~4200/16-96msec, FOV 140-160140-160mm, matrix size 180256, slice thickness 4.0mm, interslice gap 0.5mm), and sagittal DESS image(TR/TE 25.4/9.0msec, flip angle 35-45, FOV 150-160150-160mm, matrix size 192256, effective slice thickness 1.5mm) were obtained. Cartilage lesions were staged according to a modified scheme proposed by Outerbridge: grade 0, normal; grade 1, softening or/and we swelling; grade 2, mild surface fibrillation or/and less than 50% of cartilage thickness; grade 3, severe surface fibrillation or/and loss of more than 50% of cartilage thickness but without exposure of subchondral bone; and grade 4, complete loss of cartilage with subchondral bone exposure. Gradings were determined by two readers with consensus, and patellofemoral, medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments were evaluated. RESULTS: Arthroscopic findings revealed grade 1 in seven cases, grade 2 in 21 cases, grade 3 in six cases, and grade 4 in 18 cases. Sensitivity of turbo spin-echo MR images was as follows: 0%, 14%, 0%, 61% in each grade, and sensitivity of DESS image was as follows; 0%, 33%, 50%, 67% in each grade(p=0.001). In the detection of chondromalacic lesions regardless of gradings, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of conventional MR image were 59.6%, 88.6%, 78.8% and of DESS image,73.1%, 88.4%, 82.2%(p=0.007). CONCLUSION: For chondromalacia of knee joints, DESS images showed higher sensitivity than turbo spinehco MR images. Therefore, DESS images will be helpful for diagnosis of chondromalacia of knee joints.
Cartilage ; Cartilage Diseases* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Sensitivity and Specificity

To demonstrate the current strategies for treating cartilage defects of knees and the related research. Published papers about cartilage defects were searched and reviewed. The current strategies for the treatment were summarized. Based on the research of our study and others, the conclusion how to treat cartilage defects was made. The current ways for treating cartilage defects include micro-fractures, chondrocytes transplantation, mosaicplasty and tissue engineering; Research on functional magnetic resonance imaging in the early diagnosis of cartilage defects, cartilage degeneration is gradually increasing. There is still no effective treatment of cartilage defects and tissue engineering has brought new hopes for the treatment of cartilage defects , functional magnetic resonance imaging has some significance in early diagnosis of cartilage defects, cartilage degeneration.
Animals ; Cartilage Diseases ; surgery ; therapy ; Cartilage, Articular ; surgery ; Humans ; Knee ; surgery ; Tissue Engineering ; Transplantation, Autologous

The short nose is characterized by decreased distance from the starting point of nose, sellion to tip defining point and increased nasolabial angle with excessively increased nostril show. In Orientals there are many people who have short nose due to low caudal level sellion and small nasofrontal angle with low dorsum of nose, reduced tip projection and acute nasolabial angle although it is not a typical short nose. In this study we defined this nose as atypical short nose. Lengthening short nose is arguably the most difficult operation in aesthetic rhinoplasty. We have described here a simple and easy technique that correct atypical short nose by using L-type silastic nasal implant and shield-shape cartilage graft. From January 2002 to March 2004, the author attempted to lengthen nasal root by cephalic upward repositioning of sellion with L-type silastic nasal implant with open rhinoplasty approach and improve tip projection and cephalic rotation by using columellar srtut formation with L-type silastic nasal implant, interdomal suture and shield-shape cartilage graft which is harvested from concha in 18 cases. We have got the satisfactory results on aesthetic aspects in all patients without any complications. The change of nasal length was from 44.8mm to 45.7mm and nasal tip projection and cephalic rotation were successfully improved. Especially the patients were very satisfied with one's lateral nasal profile because of smooth curvature of nasal root and natural nasofrontal angle due to cephalic nasal lengthening by upward repositioning of sellion. In conclusion I think this procedure is an effective and simple method in correcting atypical short nose which is characterized by low caudal level sellion, low dorsum of nose and reduced tip projection in Orientals.
Cartilage* ; Ear Cartilage ; Humans ; Nose Diseases ; Nose* ; Rhinoplasty ; Sutures ; Transplantation ; Transplants*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes of clinical findings depending on the duration after total knee arthroplasty with or without patellar resurfacing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 145 total knee arthroplasties with (70 cases) or without (75 cases) patellar resurfacing was carried out clinically and radioilogically. Patients were evaluated using the knee society score, and the patellar score. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between patellar resurfacing and non-resurfacing knees regarding the knee society score, and the patellar score. The postoperative clinical scores, the postoperative development of anterior knee pain were not influenced by the presence of preoperative anterior knee pain, obesity, the grade of chondromalacia observed intraoperatively, preoperative anteroposterior alignment, or preoperative Insall-Salvati ratio. CONCLUSION: There was no specific difference between the two groups regarding clinical findings, so patellar non-resurfacing should be considered in patients who have relatively normal articular cartilage and patellofemoral joint space width.
Arthroplasty* ; Cartilage Diseases ; Cartilage, Articular ; Humans ; Knee* ; Obesity ; Patellofemoral Joint ; Retrospective Studies