Cartilage ; surgery ; Humans ; Tympanoplasty

Cartilage ; Hallux ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis/surgery*

To demonstrate the current strategies for treating cartilage defects of knees and the related research. Published papers about cartilage defects were searched and reviewed. The current strategies for the treatment were summarized. Based on the research of our study and others, the conclusion how to treat cartilage defects was made. The current ways for treating cartilage defects include micro-fractures, chondrocytes transplantation, mosaicplasty and tissue engineering; Research on functional magnetic resonance imaging in the early diagnosis of cartilage defects, cartilage degeneration is gradually increasing. There is still no effective treatment of cartilage defects and tissue engineering has brought new hopes for the treatment of cartilage defects , functional magnetic resonance imaging has some significance in early diagnosis of cartilage defects, cartilage degeneration.
Animals ; Cartilage Diseases ; surgery ; therapy ; Cartilage, Articular ; surgery ; Humans ; Knee ; surgery ; Tissue Engineering ; Transplantation, Autologous

Bone Neoplasms/surgery* ; Cartilage Diseases ; Cartilage, Articular ; Humans ; Lipoma/surgery* ; Tibia/surgery*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Lengthening of short noses is one of the therapeutic dilemmas in facial plastic surgery. Aesthetically, short noses are characterized by a decreased distance from the root of the nose to the tip-defining point, and this extends less than one third the vertical height of the face. Also, concavity of the dorsum, a low and deep nasion, an overprojected tip, and an obtuse nasolabial angle of the nose will give a shortened appearance. Considering aesthetical and facial analytic factors, we discuss three techniques for the correction of this problem and propose useful procedure for the desired effect of lengthening in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have experienced eleven cases of lengthening of the short nose during the last 2 years. We categorized these patients into three groups according to nasolabial angle and tip projection which make a distribution in selecting procedure. On-lay graft on the caudal margin of the lower lateral cartilage is used to the patients with mild overrotated tip and proper nasal projection. Cartilage graft between the caudal septum and the lower lateral cartilge combined with on-lay graft on the caudal margin of the lower lateral cartilage is used to the patients with moderately overrotated tip. Full-length dorsal augmentation is applied to the patients with severely overroatated tip and problematic tip projection. RESULTS: We used three techniques aimed at the correction of the short nose. These techniques treated short nose patients and we obtained effective substantial lengthening results in this study. CONCLUSION: Aesthetical and facial analytic factors must be considered in properly selecting a procedure to lengthen the short nose.
Cartilage ; Humans ; Nose* ; Surgery, Plastic ; Transplants

Knee joint distraction is a new technology for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis in recent years. It could reduce knee pain and improve knee function, which is inseparable from the role of cartilage repair. The mechanism and influencing factors of knee joint distraction in repairing cartilage are the focus of current research. In this paper, the author reviewed literature and found that knee joint distraction could reduce knee joint load and provide a appropriate mechanical environment for cartilage repair, and it is resulting hydrostatic pressure fluctuation in the knee joint not only helps cartilage to absorb nutrients, but also promotes cartilage formation genes and inhibits cartilage matrix degrading enzyme gene expression. In addition, knee joint distraction creates conditions for synovial mesenchymal stem cells to be collected to cartilage injury, and improves ability of synovial mesenchymal stem cells to proliferate and differentiate into a chondrogenic lineage. Knee joint distraction could reduce inflammatory reaction and cartilage injury of knee joint by reducing content of inflammatory factors and inhibiting expression of inflammatory genes. At present, it is known that the factors affect repair of cartilage by knee joint distraction include, increasing weight-bearing activity and height and time of distraction is helpful for cartilage repair, male patients and patients with higher severity of knee osteoarthritis have better cartilage repair effect after knee joint distraction.The better efficacy of cartilage repair on the first year after knee joint distraction predicts a higher long-term survival rate of knee joint distraction with knee preservation. However, the research on the above hot spots is only at the initial stage and further exploration is still needed, in order to better guide clinical application of knee joint distraction.
Humans ; Male ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; External Fixators ; Knee Joint/surgery* ; Osteogenesis, Distraction/methods* ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular/surgery*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the anteroposterior cricoid split on cartilage growth. METHOD: The rabbits were killed 8 months after the surgery of anteroposterior cricoid split. The larynxes were harvested and the cross-sectional area of the cricoid cartilage were calculated. RESULT: There was no significant difference in the cross-sectional area of the cricoid cartilage of these three groups. CONCLUSION The anteroposterior cricoid split might have no adverse effect on subsequent growth of cricoid cartilage.
Animals ; Cricoid Cartilage ; growth & development ; surgery ; Laryngostenosis ; surgery ; Rabbits

Objective: Our aim of this study is to describe the outcomes of a series of patients who underwent cleft repair and posterior cartilage grafts laryngotracheoplasty (LTP) from anterior midline cervical approach for type Ⅲ laryngotracheoesophageal clefts (LETC). Methods: A review of patients with type Ⅲ LETC between May 2017 and December 2021 was performed. Demographic features including gender, age at surgery, weight, airway support, feeding status, and airway and other comorbidities were collected preoperatively. Patients were evaluated in breathing, swallowing and phonation postoperatively. The developmental status and morbidities were recorded. Results: Five patients who underwent cleft repair and posterior cartilage grafts LTP from anterior midline cervical approach were included. All patients survived and thrived postoperatively. At last follow-up, 3 patients were able to successfully extubate with acceptable voice, and 2 patients were tracheostomied. Four patients were able to be fed orally without aspiration, and one patient needed to be fed by thick food. Conclusion: The combination of cleft repair and posterior cartilage grafts LTP from anterior midline cervical approach is an effective and safe treatment for type Ⅲ LETC.
Cartilage/transplantation* ; Congenital Abnormalities/surgery* ; Humans ; Larynx/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effective method to treat the glottic carcinoma invading the anterior commissure, we observed the difference of three kinds of operation to the anterior commissure of dogs by semiconductor laser. METHOD: Twelve dogs were divided into 3 groups at random, A: to cauterize to the thyroid cartilage's inner membrane of the anterior commissure, the right ventricular bands and vocal cord, the anterior and 1/3 of the left vocal cord; B: to cauterize part of the thyroid cartilage of the anterior commissure besides A; C: to open a window about 5 mm x 5 mm on the thyroid cartilage of the anterior commissure besides B. To take photos to observe the dogs' laryngeal wound with digital camera or electrolaryngoscope immediately, 1 week and 4 weeks, then to record the hoarseness, body weight and complications etc. RESULT: All the dogs' laser surgery were completed successfully. To observe the gross specimen, it was identical between the extent of excising and the design preoperation. One week later, the neonatal membrane covered the wound incomplete. Edematization, inflammatory reaction, pseudomembrane and the hoarseness were not heavy too. No obvious complication in group A. The neonatal membrane covered the wound incomplete. Edema, inflammatory reaction, pseudomembrane and granulation can be seen in group B. Exudation was heavy in local, erosion and infected, the hoarseness was severe. No other obvious complications in C. Different extent of adhesion could be seen at the anterior commissure in group A, B and C after 4 weeks, the laryngeal web formed, and the length of vocal cord was shorter than before. The color and luster of anterior commissure membrane was normal basically, the inflammatory reaction was not heavy in A and B groups. The anterior commissural membrane appeared the dark red chronic inflammatory reaction; the window was closed by neonatal membrane completely and had no infection in group C. To observe the gross specimen: the wound of anterior commissure was covered by prosthetic epithelia completely in three groups. The window was closed by complete membrane at the anterior commissure. The No. 1- 3 dog's conditions of hoarseness in three groups after 4 weeks: slight in A group, little severe in B and C group. The change of weight was not obvious at the pre or postoperative in group A and B. No obvious complication happened in each group postoperation. CONCLUSION The three operative methods have satisfied effects,the recovery of wound can cure well finally and no severe complications happened. It is valuable in clinic.
Animals ; Arytenoid Cartilage ; surgery ; Dogs ; Larynx ; surgery ; Laser Therapy ; methods ; Lasers, Semiconductor ; Thyroid Cartilage ; surgery ; Vocal Cords ; surgery

Articular cartilage damage is very common in clinical practices. Due to the low self-healing abilities of articular cartilage, the repair strategies for articular cartilage such as arthroscopic lavage and debridement,osteaochondral or chondrocytes transplantation, tissue engineering and hydrogel based artificial cartilage materials are the primary technologies of repairing articular cartilage defect. In this paper,the main repair strategies for the articular cartilage damage and the advantages or disadvantages of each repair technology are summarized. The arthroscopic lavage and debridement is successful in treating the early stage of osteoarthritis. Osteochondral and chondrocytes transplantation are beneficial to treat small full thickness defects. The technology of tissue engineering becomes a new method to heal articular cartilage damage, but the major problem is the absence of bonding strength between the implants and natural defect surfaces. Hydrogel based artificial cartilage possesses similar bio-mechanical and bio-tribological performances to that of natural articular cartilage. However, both bioactivity and interfacial bonding strength between the implant and natural cartilage could be further improved. How to simultaneously optimize the mechanical and bioactive as well as biotribological properties of hydrogel based materials is a focus problem concerned.
Arthroscopy ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cartilage ; transplantation ; Cartilage, Articular ; surgery ; Chondrocytes ; transplantation ; Debridement ; Humans ; Tissue Engineering