Aged ; Cartilage Diseases ; Humans ; Male ; Thyroid Cartilage ; pathology

There have been so many methods described for the correction of the deviated noses but it is difficult to get satisfactory results and recurrence rate is high. There is no exact explanation why the recurrences are so high and no estabished guides for techniques according to the surgical pathology. We found the classical swinging door technique effective in cases where the caudal septum deviated from the midline. However, where the caudal septum and the tip stay in the midline, scoring or submucosal resection do not work well enough to cortet them. We used the reverse swinging door technique of our own. After elevation of mucoperichonodrium, we did sagittal section in the posterior septum and moved the septum to the midline on the pivot point of the caudal septum and. The gap created in the posterior portion of the septum were filed with bone grafts, cartilage grafts or Medopor, which were sutured to the septum, We did this technique with or without osteotmies in 56 deviated noses for last 5 years. The results were very satisfactory and there was no complication.
Cartilage ; Nose* ; Pathology, Surgical ; Recurrence ; Transplants

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between age and general morphology of transverse section of cartilago costalis and its forensic significance. METHODS: Eighty-six corpses' cartilago costalis from the routine postmortem examination were collected and the morphological features of their transverse section were observed. RESULTS: With the increased age, there were regular changes in the color, structure, and material of the general morphology of transverse section of cartilago costalis. But the changes were not affected by gender. CONCLUSION The good correlation between general morphology of transverse section of cartilago costalis and age can be used to estimate age of the deceased rapidly.
Age Factors ; Autopsy ; Cadaver ; Cartilage/pathology* ; Humans

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage loss and accounts for a major source of pain and disability worldwide. However, effective strategies for cartilage repair are lacking, and patients with advanced OA usually need joint replacement. Better comprehending OA pathogenesis may lead to transformative therapeutics. Recently studies have reported that exosomes act as a new means of cell-to-cell communication by delivering multiple bioactive molecules to create a particular microenvironment that tunes cartilage behavior. Specifically, exosome cargos, such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and proteins, play a crucial role in OA progression by regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammatory response of joint cells, rendering them promising candidates for OA monitoring and treatment. This review systematically summarizes the current insight regarding the biogenesis and function of exosomes and their potential as therapeutic tools targeting cell-to-cell communication in OA, suggesting new realms to improve OA management.
Apoptosis ; Cartilage/pathology* ; Cartilage, Articular/metabolism* ; Cell Communication ; Chondrocytes/metabolism* ; Exosomes/pathology* ; Humans ; Osteoarthritis/therapy*

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical and pathologic features of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the bones of hands and feet.

METHODSClinical, X-ray and pathologic features of 154 cases of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the bones of hands and feet between 1991 and 2002 were investigated.

RESULTSIn the bones of hands and feet the frequency and distribution of many lesions were distinctive when compared to those of other skeletal sites. Cartilaginous lesions were most common (60%), and 72% of them were enchondromas. Enchondromas were most often situated in the second to fifth phalanges and metacarpal bones. Chondroblastomas most frequently involved the irregular bones (such as calcaneus, talus and osnaviculare) of the feet. Whereas the occurance of osteochondromas in the bones of the hands and feet was lower than in the long bones. Most "osteochondromas" of the phalanges were subungual exostoses. A group of reactive or reparative lesions, which are related to trauma, such as subungual exostosis, giant cell reparative granuloma, florid reactive periostitis and bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferations typically occurred in the bones of the hands and feet, but these tumor-like lesions were often misdiagnosted. Another feature of lesions in the bones of the hands and feet was that there were much more benign than malignant lesions (21:1), and that chondrosarcomas were common in malignancies. The diagnostic criteria for benign and malignant cartilaginous tumors in the bones of hands and feet were different from those in long bones and flat bones.

CONCLUSIONSBone tumors of the hands and feet are different from that of long bones, flat bones and axial bones. Because the hands and feet are frequently exposed to trauma, reactive and reparative lesions often occur in these sites. These tumor-like lesions may simulate benign and malignant neoplasia. Knowledge of different types of lesions which commonly affect these sites is of benefit in assessing lesions of the bones of hands and feet.

Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cartilage ; pathology ; Chondroblastoma ; pathology ; Chondroma ; pathology ; Chondrosarcoma ; pathology ; Foot ; Hand ; Humans ; Osteochondroma ; pathology

PURPOSE: To determine the sonographic findings of degenerative change in femoral articular cartilage of the knee by comparative study of specimen sonography and pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained 40 specimens of cartilage of the femur (20 medial and 20 lateral condylar) from 20 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee who had undergone total knee replacement. The specimens were placed in a saline-filled container and sonography was performed using a 10MHz linear transducer. Sonographic abnormalities were evaluated at the cartilage surface, within the cartilage, and at the bone-cartilage interface, and were compared with the corresponding pathologic findings. In addition, cartilage thickness was measured at a representative portion of each femoral cartilage specimen and was compared with the thickness determined by sonography. RESULTS: 'Dot 'lesions, irregularity or loss of the hyperechoic line, were demonstrated by sonography at the saline-cartilage interface of 14 cartilages. Pathologic examination showed that these findings corresponded to cleft, detachment, erosion, and degeneration. Irregularities in the hyperechoic line at the bone-cartilage interface were revealed by sonography in eight cartilages and were related to irregularity or loss of tidemark, downward displacement of the cartilage, and subchondral callus formation. Dot lesions, corresponding to cleft and degeneration, were noted within one cartilage. Cartilage thickness measured on specimen and by sonography showed no significant difference (p=0.446). CONCLUSION: Specimen sonography suggested that articular cartilage underwent degenerative histopathological change. Cartilage thickness measured by sonography exactly reflected real thickness.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Bony Callus ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular* ; Femur ; Humans ; Knee* ; Osteoarthritis ; Pathology* ; Transducers ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether the gradually induced disordered occlusion can induce degenerative changes in rabbit TMJ.

METHODS27 male New Zealand Rabbits, age of 5 months were divided equally and randomly into three groups: Group A: One premolar in upper dentition at one side and another premolar in lower dentition at the other side were pulled to move medially to the anterior intrinsic space by an orthodontic string to cause the corresponding premolars not to occlude with the opposites coincidently. Group B: the sham-operating controls, all animals were treated similar to those in Group A but without pulling. At the age of 6, 7 and 8 months, three rabbits of each group were killed by deeply anaesthetizing and bilateral condyles of TMJs were excised, sectioned and stained with HE.

RESULTSThere was no significant histological difference in condylar cartilage between Group B and C. The cartilage of TMJs condyle in Group A was found with significant degenerative changes that increased with age. The thickness of cartilage of anterior and intermediate part of condyles decreased, the disturbance of continuation of hypertrophic layer appeared and part of hypertrophic layer was locally replaced by fibrous tissue. While the thickness of cartilage of posterior part of condyle increased obviously with a significant increase of the proportion of immature chondrocytes.

CONCLUSIONThe gradually induced disorder occlusion may lead to degenerative changes in rabbit condyle.

Animals ; Cartilage, Articular ; pathology ; Male ; Malocclusion ; pathology ; Mandibular Condyle ; pathology ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Temporomandibular Joint ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical presentations and pathologic features of undifferentiated sarcoma of the prostate with cartilage metaplasia, and to clarify its category.

METHODSWe analyzed the clinical data of a case of undifferentiated sarcoma of the prostate with cartilage metaplasia treated by surgical resection. The tumor tissue was subjected to routine HE and immunohistochemical staining, its histological structure and immunohistochemical expression were observed under the light microscope, and relevant literature on its manifestations was reviewed.

RESULTSThe case was pathologically diagnosed as gray prostate tumor, with chondrosarcomatous and undifferentiated malignant mesenchymal components under the light microscope. Immunohistochemical staining revealed vimentin (+), local CD117 (+/-), SMA (-), Des (-), myoglobin (-), CD34 (-), CK7 (-), and CK8 (-). Tumor metastasis was found 2 months after the operation, and the patient died 4 months later.

CONCLUSIONUndifferentiated sarcoma of the prostate with cartilage metaplasia is a very rare and highly malignant aggressive tumor, which can be diagnosed by biopsy and immunohistochemistry.

Adult ; Cartilage ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Prostate ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Sarcoma ; diagnosis ; pathology

Cartilage and giant cell-related neoplastic lesions originating in the temporomandibular joint region have similar clinical, imaging and pathological manifestations, making the diagnosis of these disorders challenging to varying degrees. Diagnostic findings can influence treatment procedures and a definitive pathological diagnosis is important for the prognosis of these conditions. In this article, we discuss the pathological diagnosis and differentiation of four benign cartilage and giant cell related tumors and tumor-like lesions that occur in the temporomandibular joint, namely synovial chondromatosis, tumoral calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, pigmented villonodular synovitis and chondroblastoma, taking into account their clinical features and histological manifestations, with a view to providing a basis for clinical management.
Humans ; Temporomandibular Joint/pathology* ; Chondromatosis, Synovial/pathology* ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular/pathology* ; Giant Cells/pathology* ; Cartilage

BACKGROUNDQuantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) of articular cartilage represents a powerful tool in osteoarthritis research, but has so far been confined to a field strength of 1.5 T. The aim of the study was to determine the reproducibility and accuracy of qMRI assessments of the knee cartilage volume by comparing quantitative swine cartilage volumes of the sagittal (sag) multi echo data imagine combination water-excitation (MEDICwe) sequence and the fast low-angle shoot water-excitation (FLASHwe) sequence at 3.0-T MRI to directly measured volumes (DMV) of the surgically removed articular cartilage.

METHODSTest-retest MRI was acquired in 20 swine knees. Two sag FLASHwe sequences and two sag MEDICwe sequences (spatial resolution 0.4 mm × 0.4 mm × 1.0 mm of 3-dimension (3D) were acquired at 3-T MRI in a knee. Articular cartilage volume was calculated from 3D reformations of the MRI by using a manual program. Calculated volumes were compared with DMV of the surgically removed articular cartilage. Knee joint cartilage plates were quantified paired in order.

RESULTSIn the knee joint of swine, reproducibility errors (paired analysis) for cartilage volume were 2.5% to 3.2% with sag FLASHwe, and 1.6% to 3.0% with sag MEDICwe. Correlation coefficients between results obtained with qMRI and DMV ranged from 0.90 to 0.98 for cartilage volume. Systematic pairwise difference between results obtained with qMRI and DMV ranged from -1.1% to 2.8%. Random pairwise differences between results obtained with qMRI and DMV ranged from (2.9 ± 2.4)% to (6.8 ± 4.5)%.

CONCLUSIONSFLASHwe and MEDICwe sequences permit highly accurate and reproducible analysis of cartilage volume in the knee joints of swine at 3-T MRI. Cartilage volume reproducibility for the MEDICwe data is slightly higher than the FLASHwe data.

Animals ; Cartilage, Articular ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Swine