CD47, also known as integrin-associated protein (IAP), is an ubiquitously expressed 50 kD cell membrane glycoprotein. This article reviews that as an integrin-associated molecule, CD47 regulates a series of integrin-dependent cell functions; CD47 regulates cell adhesiveness, migration and activation and platelet aggregation through binding to thrombospondins; CD7 is the extracellular ligand for human signal-regulatory proteins, thus it causes negative regulatory effect; CD47 induces costimulatory signals on activation of T cell, T cell apoptosis and T cell anergy and enhances the efficiency of TCR signaling; CD47 is a member of Rh antigen complex. CD47 is involved in stroma-supported erythropoiesis. This review also discussed that CD47 as a marker on red blood cells, associated with haemolysis, which provides a new way to recognize, diagnose, and treat diseases.
Animals ; Antigens, CD ; physiology ; CD47 Antigen ; Carrier Proteins ; physiology ; Humans

OBJECTIVEThe tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a family of more than 70 human members, however only a few of them have been well studied. It has been shown that TRIM proteins are involved in various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and antiviral defense. The functions of TRIM38 are largely unknown. In this study we explore the effect of TRIM38 on NF-kappaB signaling pathway.

METHODS293T cells were transfected with NF-kappaB-Luc and plasmids expressing TRIM38 and its mutants fused to Flag. 24 h after transfection, cells were harvested and luciferase activities were measured. Data are representative of three independent experiments with triplicate samples. The expression of proteins was analyzed by Western Blot.

RESULTSTRIM38 could activate NF-kappaB signaling pathway. The mutants of TRIM38 affected the function of TRIM38. Only the mutant of SPRY domain deletion had no obviously influence of the function of TRIM38.

CONCLUSIONOur study reveals that NF-kappaB is activated in response to TRIM38.

Carrier Proteins ; metabolism ; physiology ; HIV-1 ; physiology ; Models, Biological ; Proteins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Retroviridae Infections ; virology

Sperm-egg plasma membrane interaction is one of the important steps of mammalian fertilization. Many sperm and egg surface proteins are reported to be involved in sperm-zona pellucida interaction. Sulfogalactosylglycerolipid(SGG) is the major sulfoglycolipid in the germ cells of mammalian and lower vertebrates, mainly in the sperm head. It is a differentiation marker in spermatogenesis restricted to the zygotene and early pachytene spermatocytes. Sulfolipidimmobilizing protein 1 (SLIP1) is the major sulfoglycolipid of mammalian germ cells and eggs, with the same localization as SGG in the sperm. SLIP1 binds specificity to SGG, both playing a vital role in sperm-egg interaction. This article is aimed at reviewing the localization of SGG and SLIP1 in the germ cell surface and their role and related mechanism in gamete formation.
Animals ; Carrier Proteins ; physiology ; Cell Membrane ; physiology ; Female ; Galactolipids ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; physiology

Ebola virus can cause severe Ebola hemorrhagic fever. The mortality rate is 90 percent. Up till now, there is no effective vaccine or treatment of Ebola virus infection. Relaed researches on Ebola virus have become a hot topic in virology. The understanding of molecular mechanisms of Ebola virus infection of cells are important for the development of vaccine and anti-virus drugs. Therefore, this review summarized the recent research progress on the mechanisms of Ebola virus infection.
Carrier Proteins ; physiology ; Ebolavirus ; pathogenicity ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ; etiology ; Humans ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; physiology ; Pinocytosis

Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; physiology ; Carrier Proteins ; physiology ; Cation Transport Proteins ; physiology ; Ceruloplasmin ; physiology ; Female ; Ferritins ; physiology ; Hemochromatosis Protein ; Hepcidins ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; physiology ; Humans ; Iron ; metabolism ; Iron-Regulatory Proteins ; physiology ; Membrane Proteins ; physiology ; Placenta ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Transferrin ; physiology

Acute-Phase Proteins ; physiology ; Carrier Proteins ; physiology ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; physiology ; Receptors, Immunologic ; physiology ; Receptors, Scavenger ; Sepsis ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors

PICK1 (protein interacting with C kinase 1) contains a PDZ (PSD-95/Dlg/ZO1) domain and a BAR (Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs) domain. Via the PDZ domain, PICK1 interacts directly with more than 40 proteins. Among these interacting proteins, some are important for physiological and pathophysiological processes of central nervous system. In this review, recent findings about how PICK1 is associated with central nervous system diseases are summarize.
Animals ; Carrier Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; physiology ; Epilepsy ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins ; chemistry ; metabolism ; physiology ; Schizophrenia ; metabolism ; Stroke ; metabolism

Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) is a testis-specific protein involved in acrosome reaction in spermatozoa. However, the Sp17 gene has been recently detected in normal non-testis tissues and malignant neoplasias. Therefore Sp17 may be a potential target for immunocontraception and a suitable target for tumor immunotherapy. This paper reviews the advances in the protein characterization, expression and distribution, and biological function of Sp17 and its clinical research.
Animals ; Antigens, Surface ; Carrier Proteins ; analysis ; physiology ; Contraception, Immunologic ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Male

Neovascularization of the adventitial vasa vasorum with extension into the intima of atherosclerotic lesions is frequently observed, but its pathophysiological significance is still subject to debate. Recently, leptin, the product of the Ob gene, was identified. Leptin, via activation of the endothelial receptor (Ob-R), generates a growth signal involving a tyrosine kinase-dependent intracellular pathway and promotes angiogenic processes. We hypothesized that a high concentration of leptin within vasa vasorum and plaque itself, may influence inflammatory and vascular neovascularization coupling with functional upregulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Microscopic computerized tomography was utilized for the spatial distribution of vasa vasorum and intimal neovascularization from atherosclerotic human coronary arteries. Atherosclerotic coronary arteries showed a dense plexus of microvessels in the adventitia and plaque itself. Microscopic analysis from human atherosclerotic aortas revealed an increase in the intimal thickness with neovascularization. The immunoreactivity for Ob-R, VEGF and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) increased in atherosclerotic plaque, predominantly in the endothelial lining of the intimal neovessel and macrophages/foam cells. Our observation of a prominent colocalization between Ob-R, VEGF and MMP supports this hypothesis and these factors participate in the neovascularization of atherosclerotic lesions. The present study is the first report on vascular tissue and it opens a promising perspective concerning future investigations of leptin-dependent modulation of atherogenesis and vascular neovascularization under pathophysiolgical conditions.
Adult ; Arteriosclerosis/physiopathology ; Arteriosclerosis/pathology ; Arteriosclerosis/metabolism* ; Blood Vessels/pathology ; Blood Vessels/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/physiology ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism* ; Human ; Middle Age ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology