This experimental study was performed to evaluate the correlation between the stenosis of common carotid artery and the change of velocity wave form in sixteen mongrel dogs. With continuous directional Doppler the velocity waves were recorded from the common carotid artery, which was experimentally stenosed by the graded constrictor. Grouped according to carotid angiogram, there were 16 normals(I), 21 stenoses of less than 35%(II), 16 stenoses of 36-59%(III), 10 stnoses of 60-79%(IV), and 10 stenoses of more than 80%(V). From the analysis of carotid artery velocity tracings, six most discriminating variables were obtained, which were statistically significant between intergroup comparison except between group I and group II. Four best fit discriminant equations for group II, III, IV, or V were derived through the analysis of the combination of these six variables. Using these equations and the values for six variables, the overall accuracy rate of placing it into appropriate group was 84.2%. The accuracy rate of separating normal, stenosis less than 60%, and stenosis more than 60% was 94.8%. The carotid stenosis of 36-59% (group III) showed some change of carotid velocity wave form and could be diagnosed appropriately using the velocity wave form analysis. Therefore it is concluded that the velocity wave form anlaysis would be a useful and handy mehtod to evaluate the occlusive carotid artery disease.
Animals ; Carotid Arteries* ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Carotid Stenosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis* ; Dogs

Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; diagnosis ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; diagnosis ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; pathology ; Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Carotid Artery, Internal ; pathology ; Humans ; Oropharynx ; pathology ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; diagnosis

Insulin independent diabetes is considered as a metabolic and vascular disease that causes vascular complications in which atherosclerosis rate was common. 70-75% of type II diabetic patients was dead due to complications of atherosclerosis such as myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, and arteritis obliterans in lower limb. A study on 114 type 2 diabetic patients (female: 90) with ages of 62, without obesity and 40 persons without diabetes has shown that the rate of carotid atherosclerosis in type II diabetic patients was high, the ages of lesion occurring in type II diabetic patients less 10 years than this in persons without type 2 diabetes. In addition to, traditional risks such as ages, phase of disease, there was correlation between thickness of atherosclerosis plaque and blood fibrinogen as well as abdominal measurement
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; diagnosis ; ultrasonography

This report documents the treatment of a giant aneurysm of the internal carotid artery bifurcation with a fistula to the cavernous sinus, which appeared following closed head trauma. A 39-year-old man suffered from a blunt head trauma in an automobile accident. Two weeks after the trauma, progressive chemosis of left eye was presented. Four months after the trauma, digital subtraction angiography showed an internal carotid artery bifurcation aneurysm, with drainage into the cavernous sinus. The lesion was successfully obliterated with preservation of the parent artery by using coils in conjunction with Onyx. Follow-up angiography obtained 3 months postoperatively revealed persistent obliteration of the aneurysm and fistula as well as patency of the parent artery. Endovascular treatment involving the use of coils combined with Onyx appears to be a feasible and effective option for treatment of this hard-to-treat lesion.
Adult ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cavernous Sinus ; pathology ; Drainage ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Male

We report an exceptional case of a de novo giant fusiform aneurysm of the basilar trunk, which developed shortly after the therapeutic occlusion of the right internal carotid artery for a fusiform carotid aneurysm. It would appear to be appropriate to call this entity a sequential giant fusiform aneurysm. The patient was successfully treated with endovascular occlusion of the giant basilar trunk aneurysm following bypass surgery.
Adult ; Carotid Artery Diseases/therapy ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Angiography ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnosis/*surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The use of ultrasonography and especially of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in the diagnosis of vascular pathologies before and after interventions has significantly increased over the past years due to the broader availability of modern ultrasound systems with CEUS capabilities and more trained user experience in this imaging modality. For the preinterventional and postinterventional work-up of carotid diseases, duplex ultrasound as well as CEUS have been established as the standard-of-care examination procedures for diagnosis, evaluation, and follow-up. In addition to its use for carotid arterial diseases, ultrasonography has also become the primary modality for the screening of vascular pathologies. This review describes the most common pathologies found in ultrasonography of the carotid arteries, the abdominal aorta, and the femoral arteries.
Aorta, Abdominal ; Arteriovenous Fistula ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; Carotid Stenosis ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Femoral Artery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Mass Screening ; Pathology ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Ultrasonography*

During cerebral vasospasm (CVS) due to ruptured aneurysm the retinal arteries were photographed and evaluated with angiographic studies at various stages to study any correlation between them. Among 60 cases with angiographic CVS, ophthalmoscopic retinal artery spasm (RAS) was detected in 29 cases. Photographic demonstration of the RAS was possible in 7 cases. In general, in a series of cases, the degree of RAS seems to correspond to the severity of CVS.
Carotid Artery Diseases/complications ; Human ; Intracranial Aneurysm/complications ; Ischemic Attack, Transient/complications* ; Ophthalmoscopy* ; Retinal Artery* ; Retinal Diseases/diagnosis

Ocular ischemic syndrome is a chronic ischemic eye disease including a series of ischemic ocular and brain syndromes caused by carotid artery occlusion or stenosis. Because of the different degrees of ischemia, clinical manifestations of ocular ischemic syndrome are diverse, and it is difficult to diagnose in the initial stage. The main strategy to treat ocular ischemic syndrome is elimination of carotid stenosis. We presented a patient who recovered dramatically after carotid artery stenting. The pre-stenting arm-retinal circulation time of the patient’s left eye was prolonged, and a large amount of microaneurysm appeared at the posterior polar and mid-peripheral aspects of the left retina. The post-stenting arm-retinal circulation time of the left eye decreased to 16.3 seconds, and the microaneurysm almost disappeared.
Angioplasty ; Carotid Arteries ; surgery ; Carotid Stenosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Artery Occlusion ; surgery ; Retinal Diseases ; surgery

This study was intended to correlate the appearance of the cavernous segment of the carotid artery on MR images with the presence of significant stenosis or occlusion of the cervical carotid artery as seen on angiograms in 37 patients with cerebrovascular disorders who had brain MRI and arteriography. Three patients demonstrated an isointense signal within the carotid artery's cavernous segment, correlating with complete carotid occlusion as seen angiographically. Ten patients had variable signal intensity and/or luminal narrowing in the carotid siphon; seven of these findings correlated with angiographic evidence of carotid occlusion, while carotid branch occlusion was seen angiographically in the other three. The demonstration of normal signal void within a normal-appearing cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery in the remaining 24 patients correlated with an absence of significant stenosis within the cervical segment in 21 patients. In the remaining three, significant disease of the internal carotid artery was found. Isointensity or luminal irregularity within the intracranial carotid artery can indicate complete occlusion or slow flow. The presence of normal flow void in the intracranial segment does not exclude significant abnormality of the cervical segment of the carotid artery.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Arterial Occlusive Diseases/diagnosis ; Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnosis ; Carotid Artery, Internal/*radiography ; Carotid Stenosis/diagnosis ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/*diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Retrospective Studies