INTRODUCTION: The increasing prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children produces a major impact in the lives of their families. The caregivers of these children have demanding experiences which may lead to development of depression and/or anxiety. This study sought to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety among caregivers of pediatric patients with neurodevelopmental disorders seen at the UERMMMCI Pediatrics Outpatient Department. It likewise sought to examine factors associated with depression and anxiety. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Inc. Pediatrics Outpatient Department from October 2017 to March 2018 involving caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental anomalies. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Filipino version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness and Spirituality (BMMRS) Scale, and Primary Caregivers Practices Report were administered to caregivers who met the study criteria and gave their consent. Associations between variables were determined using chi-square analysis and subgroup analysis. RESULTS: More than a third of participants (36.0%) had at least mild anxiety, 29.5% had at least mild depression, and almost half had mild to moderate levels of caregiver burden. There was a signifcant association between the severity of anxiety and the diagnosis of the child (x2 = 23.24, p = 0.006), severity of depressive symptoms (x2 = 93.03, p < 0.001), and level of caregiver burden (x2 = 28.99, p < 0.001). There was a signifcant association between the severity of depressive symptoms and the diagnosis of the child (x2 = 35.34, p < 0.001) and level of caregiver burden (x2 = 38.12, p < 0.001). The level of caregiver burden was associated with the presence and severity of anxiety (x2 = 28.99, p < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (x2 = 38.12, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION There were signifcant associations between anxiety, depression, and caregiver burden among caregivers of pediatric patients with neurodevelopmental illnesses. Anxiety and depression scores were found to be correlated with the specifc diagnosis of the child, while caregiver burden was signifcantly associated with the duration of the child’s illness.
Caregivers

INTRODUCTION: Abuse of the elderly exists as a problem in both developed and developing countries. It can be in the form of fnancial exploitation, abandonment, physical, psychological, or sexual abuse, and the most common perpetrators are their own caregivers. This study aimed to determine the proportion of family caregivers in Metro Manila at risk for committing elder abuse. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed and data collection was done via a Google Form online survey. It consisted of two parts, the Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE) questionnaire and the Short Form Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-12). Respondents were recruited by non-probability convenience sampling. Google Sheets was used for data encoding and analysis. RESULTS: The study found that 29.03% of family caregivers have a high risk of abuse. The risk of committing elder abuse was highest among 18 to 32 year-old caregivers, males, those with monthly income of less than PhP 7,890, and those with at least a college or postgraduate degree. Most of the respondents were also found to have no to mild burden. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that there was a signifcant proportion of family caregivers at risk for elder abuse.
Caregivers

Parents or caregivers of children with learning disabilities have been shown to experience increases in stress and greater negative caregiving consequences than those with typically developing children. The current study sought to assess the perceived stress among Malay caregivers of children with learning disabilities in Kelantan. The Malay version of Perceived Stress Scale 10 items was administered to a sample of 40 caregivers of children with learning disabilities who were registered to five Pusat Pemulihan Dalam Komuniti (PDK) in Kelantan. Higher scores indicate higher levels of stress. The caregivers had mean age of 47.68 (SD = 9.18) years old, of whom 90% were fathers or mothers. Ninety percent of them were married, majority were unemployed or housewives and had secondary school education. The majority of children with learning disabilities were males and half of them were Down Syndrome children. The mean total Perceived Stress Scale score of the caregivers was 16.77 (SD = 5.74). There were no significant associations between total perceived stress score and any of the independent variables. The mean total perceived stress score showed that the perceived stress level was in the category of slightly higher than average and health concern level was high, while the average stress level was between score of 12 to 15. In conclusion, this result indicated that the caregivers had slightly higher levels of stress than the average score, and might increase susceptibility to stress-induced illness.
Stress ; Caregivers

Objectives: The present study explored the experiences of caregivers raising a child with perinatal HIV infection through a narrative inquiry approach. It uncovered how caregivers learned about their children’s diagnosis, the challenges that they experience in raising their children, and how they cope with the ordeal caused by HIV infection. Methods: A total of ten participants joined the study – five caregivers participated in the key informant interviews (KIIs), with their respective child diagnosed to have perinatal HIV infection joining the focus group discussion (FGD) (n=5). Semi-structured individual interviews were carried out to examine in-depth narratives from the caregivers. We thoroughly analyzed the verbatim interview transcripts using reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) by the six-phase process outlined by Braun and Clarke (2019). NVivo 12 was utilized in the process of data analysis. The transcribed data were uploaded, coded, and analyzed individually. The software helped the organization and expression of the codes and themes. Result: In this study, three major themes and four sub-themes in each theme were generated: a) becoming known: the journey towards testing and treatment, which includes reasons for testing, cause of acquiring HIV, reactions, and treatment, b) passing through challenging times, which cover preparing the child to understand illness, child's awareness and understanding of illness, physical health, and discrimination, and c) receiving essential support which includes an understanding of illness, building hope, needs received, and sources of support. Conclusions Caregivers with children living with HIV face challenges such as preparing the illness to be known and understood by their child, managing the child’s physical health, and discriminating against others. However, they can live healthy and meaningful lives if they are given comprehensive support from the government, access to quality healthcare and education, and psychosocial interventions. The government and private sectors must make efforts to promote physical, emotional, and mental health care underpinning the well-being of caregivers and children with HIV. The retention of the programs offered by certain organizations (e.g., testing and treatment needs, nutritional and basic needs support, educational supply, and livelihood program for caregivers) and the increase in the number of psychoeducational and support group activities were suggested to significantly help in addressing the concerns of both caregivers and their child with perinatal HIV infection.
HIV ; Caregivers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the training effectiveness and behavior towards the elderly of 180 caregiver trainees. METHODS: Data were collected from five caregiver training institutions located in G city. All subjects were surveyed about the training effectiveness and behavior towards the elderly by using the Training Effectiveness Scale and the Behavior towards the Elderly Scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. RESULTS: The study subjects gained a training effectiveness score of 3.84 out of 5 points and a behavior towards the elderly score 3.40 out of 4 points. The training effectiveness differed significantly depending on subject's characteristics, intention to work as a caregiver, and hours of training. There were significant differences in behavior towards the elderly depending on their age and hours of training. The training effectiveness was significantly correlated with the level of behavior towards the elderly. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated the necessity of developing a level of educational training that will help improve caregiver trainees' care by positively changing their behavior towards the elderly.
Aged ; Caregivers ; Humans ; Intention

OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to examine the factors influencing the behavioral intention and behavior of workers with non-occupational diseases when utilizing medical facilities, using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). METHODS: The first TPB questionnaire was administered to 3,116 subjects during workers'periodic health examinations at one health examination institute, between September and December in 2000. An investigation of the medical facilities utilization was also conducted by administering a second survey to the 354 subjects (11.4%) adjudged to be workers with non-occupational diseases from the results of the health examination. RESULTS: The medical utilization rate within one month was 41.5%. To investigate the overall relationship between variables, the authors conducted a linear structural equation model analysis, based on the theory of planned behavior. The attitude toward behavior and the subjective norm both positively influenced the behavioral intention (T> or = 2.0). The perceived behavioral control and behavioral intention both positively influenced the behavior (T> or = 2.0) CONCLUSIONS: To improve the medical utilization by workers found to have diseases as a result of their health examination, the implementation of an intervention program will be necessary to increase the behavioral intention and perceived behavioral control, and care givers must pay more attention to eventually converting behavioral intention into actual behaviors.
Caregivers ; Humans ; Intention ; Questionnaires

The behavioral disturbances such as agitation, aggression and wandering oc-curred in the geriatric patients have imposed much burdens on the caregivers. The origin of the behavioral disorders in the geriatric patients were identified to be based on the multidimensional interaction of the biological, psychological and social factors. There are no satisfactory instrum-ents for assessment of behavioral disorders in the geriatric patients. Furthermore, the functional assessments are also required to evaluate the environmental events to influence the problem beh-aviors in the geriatric patients.
Aggression ; Caregivers ; Dihydroergotamine ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide baseline data on paid hospital-caregivers' work performance, degree of importance of caregiving, and their knowledge as well as affecting factors on the level of practice when there is no guardian. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 155 total caregivers working at 9 hospitals. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires in December, 2010. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 17.0. RESULTS: The caregivers' level of practice showed 4.0/5.0 points, degree of importance, 4.4/5.0 points, and knowledge, 4.3/5.0 points. The level of practice was significantly different depending on the hospital types. Significant correlations were found between level of practice, degree of importance and knowledge. The degree of importance and types of hospital attributed to 17.1% of variance in the level of practice. CONCLUSION: A systematic hospital caregivers' program focusing on strategy to enhance caregivers' level of practice, degree of importance and knowledge can be effective for paid hospital-caregivers when there is no guardian.
Caregivers ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Caregivers* ; Humans ; Quality of Life*

The basic point of view of 4th party central resolution was detailed in the 37th government's resolution in which the humanitarian nature and socialist orientation in the health activity required the equity in the health care. The Vietnam communist party and state planned the establishment of the health network from central to local levels to implement the targets of the health care for all, especially establishment of local health network. In addition to, the health care for special subjects and poor was considered property. The economic growth must accompany with social equity. The resolution also proposed 6 solutions for this.
Delivery of Health Care ; Caregivers