PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to review the research trends and to identify developmental direction of studies on community interventions according to the ecological model for workers with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors. METHODS: Electronic databases including PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library and the reference lists of articles were searched. All articles were assessed in relation to inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 29 researches being reviewed. Each review was critically appraised by two authors using a guideline of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses). RESULTS: Nowadays, interventions in organizational level, integrated and web-based interventions are increasing to prevent CVD risk factors for workers. Even though the importance of psychosocial aspects to prevent CVD, the only 2 studies included psychosocial factors in the outcome variables. Also, 14% among 29 researches were based on theories. CONCLUSION: Psychosocial factors such as job stress, depression, and emotional labor could be CVD risk factors. Therefore, interventions including psychosocial aspects are needed to prevent workers' CVD risks more effectively. Theory-based interventions are needed to support interventions' effects and to develop the nursing science.
Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Depression ; Nursing ; Psychology ; Risk Factors*

PURPOSE: For cardiovascular patients, family caregivers play a vital role in daily nursing and cardiac emergencies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of patient-centered CPR education (PCE) for family caregivers of patients with cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: Fifty-four participants were randomly assigned to the PCE or control group. The PCE group received tailored counseling on overall cardiovascular disease information and CPR followed by interactive instructor-guided CPR training and re-education follow-up by telephone 2 weeks later. The control group received only video-based CPR self-education and booklets. Cardiovascular disease and CPR knowledge and self-efficacy were measured before (pre-test), immediately after (post-test 1), and 4 weeks after the PCE (post-test 2). CPR skills and performance were measured pre-test and at post-test1. RESULTS: The PCE group demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge (F=91.09, p<.001), self-efficacy (F=15.19, p<.001) and CPR skills and performance (F=8.10, p=.008), as well as significant differences over time (knowledge: F=364.25, p<.001; self-efficacy: F=1162.28, p<.001; CPR skills and performance: F=1798.81, p<.001). There were significant group-by-time interactions for knowledge (F=8.10, p=.001), self-efficacy (F=4.30, p=.019) and CPR skills and performance (F=4.81, p=.036) by repeated measures ANOVA. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate the effects of a patient-centered intervention with CPR education tailored for patients' and family caregivers' preferences, needs, and lifestyles. The results of this study encourage the use of tailored, patient-centered interventions in cardiovascular nursing practice.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Cardiovascular Nursing ; Caregivers* ; Counseling ; Education* ; Emergencies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Life Style ; Nursing ; Pamphlets ; Patient-Centered Care ; Telephone

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and outcomes for in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) patients who were 65 years and older between nursing care hospitals versus non-nursing care hospitals in Korea. METHODS: This is a population study enumerating 24,203 IHCA patients registered in Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in 2013. The Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) outcomes including survival discharge and 30 day survival rate were analyzed. The main diagnoses of IHCA patients were categorized according to the Korean Standard classification of Disease version 6 (KCD-6). All data of patients who were CPR recipients in nursing care hospitals were compared with those of CPR recipients in non-nursing care hospitals. RESULTS: The overall survival discharge and 30 day survival rate were 29.5% and 28.1%, respectively. However, the survival discharge rate of IHCA patients was significantly low in nursing care hospitals compared to non-nursing care hospitals (20.0% vs. 30.0%, p<0.001). The 30 day survival rate was similarly low in nursing care hospitals (20.1% vs. 28.4%, p<0.001). The most common diagnosis of IHCA patients was respiratory disease in nursing care hospitals and cardiovascular disease in non-nursing care hospitals. The most common respiratory disease leading to IHCA in nursing care hospitals was acute respiratory infections. CONCLUSION: The survival rate after IHCA was lower in nursing care hospitals, and the major diagnosis leading to CPR was acute respiratory infections rather than chronic underlying diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to set higher standards in performing CPR and controlling infections in nursing care hospitals nationwide.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Heart Arrest* ; Humans ; Insurance, Health* ; Korea* ; Nursing Care* ; Nursing* ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Survival Rate

The purpose of this study is to define requisite content of physiology for nursing education. This study classifies the subjects of physiology into 15 areas. The areas are cell and cell membrane, body fluid, nervous system, special sense, muscular system, blood, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, urinary system, digestive system. energy metabolism, body temperature, immune system. endocrine system, and reproductive system. Each subject area is further classified into subarea, resulting in a total of 194 subarea. The importance of each subarea is measured with a 3-point scale using a questionnaire. The subjects of this study were full-time professors teaching nursing in Korean universities. The analysis of the data collected from 68 respondents is as follows. 1. The areas of physiology necessary for nursing education in the order of importance are : body fluid, blood, endocrine, immune system, body temperature, urinary system, respiratory system, digestive system, reproductive system, energy metabolism, nervous system, cardiovascular system, cell and cell membrane, muscular system, and special sense. 2. Depending on the specific areas of nursing(such as pediatric nursing, maternity nursing), the importance of each physiology area may differ. For instance, the most important area for maternity nursing is reproductive physiology, whereas one for the psychiatric nursing is neurophysiology. 3. The importance of each physiology area does not determine the importance of its subarea. For example, while the importance of cell and cell membrane was relatively very low across the respondents from different areas of nursing science, the importance of such subarea as osmosis, diffusion, and filtration reported by most respondents were high.
Body Fluids ; Body Temperature ; Cardiovascular System ; Cell Membrane ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Diffusion ; Digestive System ; Education, Nursing* ; Endocrine System ; Energy Metabolism ; Filtration ; Immune System ; Infant, Newborn ; Maternal-Child Nursing ; Nervous System ; Neurophysiology ; Nursing* ; Osmosis ; Pediatric Nursing ; Physiology* ; Pregnancy ; Psychiatric Nursing ; Respiratory System

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a TES program to improve exercise capacity to promote patient compliance to the prescribed exercise, and to test the feasibility of the program. METHOD: The 8-week TES program consisted of three components : exercise training, self-efficacy enhancement and social support. Using the matching of gender, age, and the left ventricular ejection fraction, thirty one subjects were consecutively assigned to either TES group (n=15, 52+7 years) or Control group (n=16, 58+11 years) 3 weeks after MI. With the exception of exercise compliance (only after the TES program), the exercise capacity and exercise self-efficacy were both measured both before and after the 8-week TES program. RESULT: The VO2peak (p= .043), anaerobic threshold (p= .023) and exercise duration (p= .015) improved in TES group compared to Control group after 8 weeks. The cardiac exercise self-efficacy (p= .036) was significantly higher in TES group than Control group. There was a significant increase of exercise compliance(p= .005) in TES group compared to Control group. CONCLUSION: The 8-week TES program improved the exercise capacity, exercise self-efficacy and exercise compliance. A appropriately implemented TES program in cardiovascular nursing practice may promote healthy behavioral modification and, therefore, contributing to reduce the risk of mortality and morbidity in MI patients.
Anaerobic Threshold ; Cardiovascular Nursing ; Compliance ; Humans ; Methods ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Patient Compliance* ; Stroke Volume

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the Self Efficacy Promotion and Exercise Program to prevent of obesity and cardiovascular diseases for the kidney transplant recipients. The subjects were selected randomly among the patients who underwent kidney transplantations at one major transplantation hospital in Seoul, Korea. This study ws carried out between November 23, 1999 and February 15, 2000. The subjects in this study consisted of 16 patients who had kidney transplantations between 1 month and 12 months ago prior to this study. They were all on steroids therapy and did not take any physical exercise regularly. The subjects received the self efficacy promotion and exercise program for 12 weeks which contained self efficacy promotion education and exercise program. The weight, body fat rate, exercise time and cardiopulmonary function were evaluated before the experiment and after the experiment. The results were as follows: 1. After the experiment, the weight was significantly decreased than that of before the experiment(p=.0001). 2. After the experiment, the body fat rate was significantly decreased than that of before the experiment(p=.0010). 3. After the experiment, the exercise time was significantly increased than that of before the experiment(p=.0002). 4. After the experiment, the absolute VO2 was significantly increased than that of before the experiment(p=.0008). 5. After the experiment, the relative VO2 was significantly increased than that of before the experiment(p=.0002). This study showed that the self efficacy promotion and exercise program was effective. So it would be expected that this self efficacy promotion and exercise program could be applied as an effective independent nursing intervention widely in prevention of obesity and cardiovascular diseases for kidney transplant recipients.
Adipose Tissue ; Body Weight* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Education ; Exercise ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney* ; Korea ; Nursing ; Obesity ; Self Efficacy* ; Seoul ; Steroids ; Transplantation*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify influencing factors of metabolic index and cardiovascular risk factors, on depressive and non-depressive groups, in vulnerable diabetic elderly women. METHODS: Participants were 137 vulnerable diabetic elderly women, using health centers in D city. Data were collected through interviews September though December 2017. The metabolic index was measured using National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), and cardiovascular risk factors were measured using Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Depressive and non-depressive groups were divided by the score of Geriartric Depress Scale Short Korea Version (GDSSF). Collected data were analyzed using a x2 test, independent t-test, and binary logistic regression, with the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program. RESULTS: Vulnerable diabetic elderly women, did not exercise in the depressive groups, and had higher triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and larger waists, than in the non-depressive group. Results show that lack of exercise (OR=6.30), is the highest risk factor, influencing the depressive symptom in vulnerable diabetic elderly women. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that to reduce depressive symptom levels among vulnerable diabetic elderly women, nursing interventions are needed to increase exercise and decrease TG, TC, and waist size, particularly in improving exercise of vulnerable diabetic elderly women.
Aged ; Cardiovascular System ; Cholesterol ; Depression ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Nursing ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides ; Vulnerable Populations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of problem solving nursing counseling and walking exerciseon weight loss, cardiovascular risk factors, and self-efficacy of diabetic control among obese diabetic patients. The Polar heart rate monitor was used for walking exercise to utilize the Biofeedback mechanism. METHOD: Fifty nine diabetic patients were conveniently placed into experimental (n=35) and control groups (n=24). The experimental group participated inweekly nursing counseling for 12 weeks and was encouraged to do walking exercise using a Polar monitor. The control group remained in the same treatment as before. The data wascollected from November 2003 to August 2004 and analyzed using t-tests and ANCOVAs. RESULTS: After 12 weeks, the participants in the experimental group reported significantly decreased body weight (p=.004) and total scores on theParma scale (p=.001). While the participants in the control group reported significantly increased levels of blood triglyceride (p=.046) and HDL (p=.018). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, we concluded that problem focused nursing counseling with intensified walking exercise could reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications and body weight among obese diabetic patients. Future research to explore the long-term effects of nursing counseling on diabetic complications is warranted.
*Self Efficacy ; Risk Factors ; Obesity/*complications/nursing/rehabilitation ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Lipids/blood ; Humans ; Female ; *Exercise ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood/complications/*nursing/rehabilitation ; *Counseling ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*blood ; Body Weight ; Aged

PURPOSE: Cardiotoxicity following cancer chemotherapy or radiotherapy is an emerging issue for breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the current domestic research trends for exercise intervention for Korean breast cancer patients under chemotherapy or radiotherapy, focused on cardiovascular indices as study outcome measures and to make suggestions for future nursing studies. METHODS: A literature search was done using PubMed, CINAHL and two Korean databases to identify experimental studies reported in Korean or English between 2,000 and 2015. We identified five studies independently reviewed by two reviewers. The quality and risk of bias of the selected studies were assessed by RoBANS criteria. RESULTS: Tai-chi exercise was used in three studies and aerobic exercise programs or yoga and walking exercise in the remaining studies. Two studies evaluated cardiovascular outcomes and showed positive findings for breast cancer patients. For cardiovascular indices, heart rate and blood pressure were used. CONCLUSION: This study showed the need for conducting well-designed experimental studies including clinical cardiovascular outcomes to generate evidence on exercise intervention for cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity prevention. Additional studies are warranted to accelerate the potential use of exercise as a nursing intervention for cancer patients under chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Blood Pressure ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cardiovascular System ; Drug Therapy* ; Exercise ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Nursing ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Radiotherapy* ; Walking ; Yoga

PURPOSE: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with cardiovascular disease in Korea has rarely been studied, mostly due to the lack of a psychometrically validated disease-specific instrument. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a cardiovascular specific-HRQOL questionnaire (CD-QOL). METHOD: The CD-QOL was developed and validated as follows; item generation, pilot study, and psychometric tests. Patients were recruited from three-university hospitals. The patients were asked to complete the preliminary questionnaire comprising the content-validated items, SF-36, and CES-D. The NYHA and KASI classifications were used to classify the functional performance of the patients. The data was analyzed using correlation, factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, multitrait/multi-item matrix, ANOVA, and Cronbach's alpha. RESULT: Preliminarily, thirty-nine items were generated. Factor analysisextracted a five-factor solution with a total of twenty-two items. One item was deleted based upon the MDS. The remaining items were moderately correlated with the subscales of the SF-36 and associated with depression measured with the CES-D. The mean scores of patients in NYHA and KASI class I were significantly higher than those in NYHA and KASI class II or/and III, which suggested patients with better functional performance were likely to have a better HRQOL. Cronbach's alphas of the total and subscales were all greater than 0.70. CONCLUSION: The CD-QOL is a easily applicable instrument with excellent psychometric properties of content, criterion, factorial, convergent, and known-groups validity, and internal consistency reliability in Korean patients with cardiovascular disease.
Adult ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases/nursing/*psychology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Program Evaluation ; Psychometrics ; *Quality of Life ; *Questionnaires