No abstract available.
Cardiovascular Agents*

The fluidextract of PG (2ml contains 1 g radix of PG) was used to evaluate its cardio vascular effects on dog blood pressure, frog isolated intestine. Our experimental results show that: The fluidextract of PG in dose of 0.7g/kg body of weigh (correspond to the clinical dose) per oral route decreases blood pressure by 24.1% in comparison with initial level. PG influences both on the heart frequency and on the heart amplitude depending on the utilizing doses. Low doses have stimulating effect whereas high doses inhibiting one. PG with our experimental doses provoke vasodilatation but don't influence on the intestinal peristalsis
Cardiovascular Agents ; Panax

Depression has a high incidence in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and shows adverse effects on their life quality and prognosis. With the advent of new antidepressant drugs, oral antidepressant drugs are increasingly used in CVD patients with depression, and their efficacy and safety have attracted attention. Commonly used antidepressant drugs have many adverse reactions. When applying antidepressant drugs in CVD patients, we should pay special attention to their cardiovascular adverse reactions and their interaction drugs with commonly used CVD drugs. Clinicians should comprehensively evaluate and select appropriate antidepressant drugs for patients.
Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects* ; Cardiovascular Diseases/chemically induced* ; Cardiovascular System ; Humans ; Incidence ; Patients

Individuals with diabetes mellitus are at 2- to 3-fold increased risk of cardiovascular disease relative to individuals without diabetes, and hypoglycemia is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in diabetic patients. Here, we present a discussion of multiple hypoglycemic drugs and their cardiovascular effects. In addition, we provide summary recommendations for glucose-lowering regimens in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Hypoglycemic Agents

Cardiovascular diseases are the most important diseases that endanger national health, and its development process is complex and diverse. Various cardiovascular diseases caused by obesity, such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and atherosclerosis, are interrelated and interacted each other. Diet, as the main means of prevention and treatment, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease. Mori Fructus is one of the first ingredients that are listed in medicinal and edible food. With a wide range of applications in daily life, it contains polysaccharides(polysaccharide, APS), anthocyanins(anthocyanin, LCRA), flavonoids and other bioactive ingredients. With a wide range of antioxidant, anti-aging, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities, these materials exert effects in alleviating diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and other cardiovascular diseases. In this paper, we retrieved such databases as PubMed, Web of science, CNKI, VTTMS, Wan Fang, and collected literatures about the effect of single administration of mulberry on cardiovascular diseases in the past 15 years, with "mulberry and cardiovascular disease" as the key word, and summarized the latest progress. The results of many experimental studies have showed that different forms of mulberry can significantly alleviate obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, suggesting that the scope of action of Mori Fructus covers different pathological stages of cardiovascular diseases. This paper systematically analyzes and summarizes the application forms, efficacy and the existing problems of these experiments, and provides study thinking and development direction for the utilization and new product design of Mori Fructus-related products in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Antioxidants ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Fruit ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Morus

Blood Circulation ; drug effects ; Cardiovascular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; prevention & control ; China ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

As a computer-assisted approach, molecular docking has been universally applied in drug research and development and plays an important role in the investigation and evaluation of herbal medicines. Herein, the method was used to estimate the pharmacodynamics of Mai-Luo-Ning injection, a traditional Chinese compound herbal prescription. Through investigating the interactions between several important proteins in cardiovascular system and characteristic components of the formula, its effect on cardiovascular protection was evaluated. Results showed the differences in the interactions between each component and the selected target proteins and revealed the possible mechanisms for synergistic effects of various characteristic components on cardiovascular protection. The study provided scientific evidence supporting the mechanistic study of the interactions among multi-components and targets, offering a general approach to investigating the pharmacodynamics of complicated materials in compound herbal prescriptions.
Cardiovascular Agents ; pharmacology ; Cardiovascular System ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Drug Synergism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Enzymes ; metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation

Spices have enjoyed a long history and a worldwide application. Of particular interest is the pharmaceutical value of spices in addition to its basic seasoning function in cooking. Concretely, equipped with complex chemical compositions, spices are of significant importance in pharmacologic actions, like antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, as well as therapeutical effects in gastrointestinal disorders and cardiovascular disease. Although increasing evidences in support of its distinct role in the medical field has recently reported, little information is available for substantive, thorough and sophisticated researches on its chemical constituents and pharmacological activities, especially mechanism of these actions. Therefore, in popular wave of studies directed at a single spice, this review presents systematic studies on the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities associated with common used spices, together with current typical individual studies on functional mechanism, in order to pave the way for the exploitation and development of new medicines derived from the chemical compounds of spice (such as, piperine, curcumin, geniposide, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, linalool, estragole, perillaldehyde, syringic acid, crocin).
Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Cardiovascular System ; drug effects ; Digestive System ; drug effects ; Spices ; analysis ; toxicity

Hypertension is an independent risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Diabetes multiplies the risk when combined. Therefore, it is crucial for the doctors to control the blood pressure (BP) properly in hypertensive patients with diabetes. And then, how much do we lower the BP? Several guidelines recommend target BP levels to minimize the risk under the basis of so many experimental and observational studies. But, we must consider several factors to properly apply the guidelines in the clinical fields. First, diabetes is not a uniform but a diverse disease. From asymptomatic microvascular disease to macrovascular cardiovascular disease, diabetic clinical findings are so different. So we must define where the patients stand in long diabetic road, and what the patients want to us. Second, because more people are becoming health-conscious, more people take the aspirin, lipid-lowering agents and other medications. It's means that interpretation of the results of recent studies is more difficult than previous, old studies. Third, measuring the BP in the hospital is really reflect the ambulatory BP? Now, it's too early to conclude that the one is more better than the other. From the next study, we can consider the use of ambulatory, home BP monitoring combined with hospital BP measuring. Finally, although BP lowering-effects are similar, all anti-hypertensives do not have same effect in diabetic patients. For example, angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibitor is more superior than calcium channel blocker in patients with heart failure. So, we must consider what type of drug used in the study.
Angiotensins ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Aspirin ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium Channels ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: The role of glycemic variability (GV) in development of cardiovascular diseases remains controversial, and factors that determine glucose fluctuation in patients with diabetes are unknown. We investigated relationships between GV indices, kinds of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: We analyzed 209 patients with T2DM. The GV index (standard deviation [SD] and mean absolute glucose change [MAG]) were calculated from 7-point self-monitoring of blood glucose profiles. The patients were classified into four groups according to whether they take OHAs known as GV-lowering (A) and GV-increasing (B): 1 (A only), 2 (neither), 3 (both A and B), and 4 (B only). The 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was calculated using the Pooled Cohort Equations. RESULTS: GV indices were significantly higher in patients taking sulfonylureas (SUs), but lower in those taking dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. In hierarchical regression analysis, the use of SUs remained independent correlates of the SD (beta=0.209, P=0.009) and MAG (beta=0.214, P=0.011). In four OHA groups, GV indices increased progressively from group 1 to group 4. However, these did not differ according to quartiles of 10-year ASCVD risk. CONCLUSION: GV indices correlated significantly with the use of OHAs, particularly SU, and differed significantly according to combination of OHAs. However, cardiovascular risk factors and 10-year ASCVD risk were not related to GV indices. These findings suggest that GV is largely determined by properties of OHAs and not to cardiovascular complications in patients with T2DM.
Blood Glucose ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents* ; Risk Factors*