Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; etiology ; genetics ; Humans

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; genetics ; Lamin Type A ; genetics

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/genetics* ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Tropomyosin/genetics*

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Biology

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Mutation

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics* ; Humans ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne

The mutations of TTN gene that encodes titin are the most common mutation type among the genetic causes of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This article reviews the worldwide studies on potential molecular pathogenesis (transcription, post-translational modification, etc.), clinical phenotypes, and gene therapies of pediatric DCM caused by TTN mutations, with the hope of providing a reference for the precision treatment of pediatric DCM caused by TTN mutations.
Humans ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/therapy* ; Connectin/genetics* ; Genetic Therapy ; Mutation ; Phenotype

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; genetics ; Mutation ; Pedigree

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical phenotype and genetic features of a child with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS: Clinical data of the child who had presented at the Zhengzhou Children's Hospital on April 28, 2020 was collected. Trio-whole exome sequencing (trio-WES) was carried out for the child and her parents, and candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. "FHL2" was taken as the key word to retrieve related literature from January 1, 1997 to October 31, 2021 in the PubMed database and was also searched in the ClinVar database as a supplement to analyze the correlation between genetic variants and clinical features. RESULTS: The patient was a 5-month-old female infant presented with left ventricular enlargement and reduced systolic function. A heterozygous missense variant c.391C>T (p.Arg131Cys) in FHL2 gene was identified through trio-WES. The same variant was not detected in either of her parents. A total of 10 patients with FHL2 gene variants have been reported in the literature, 6 of them had presented with DCM, 2 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and 2 with sudden unexplained death (SUD). Phenotypic analysis revealed that patients with variants in the LIM 3 domain presented hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and those with variants of the LIM 0~2 and LIM 4 domains had mainly presented DCM. The c.391C>T (p.Arg131Cys) has been identified in a child with DCM, though it has not been validated among the patient's family members. Based on the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the c.391C>T(p.Arg131Cys) variant was re-classified as likely pathogenic (PS2+PM2_Supporting+PP3+PP5). CONCLUSION The heterozygous missense variant of c.391C>T (p.Arg131Cys) in the FHL2 gene probably predisposed to the DCM in this child, which has highlighted the importance of WES in the clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Female ; Humans ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics* ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Genetic Counseling ; Genomics ; Heterozygote ; Muscle Proteins/genetics* ; Transcription Factors ; LIM-Homeodomain Proteins/genetics*