Carcinoma, Medullary ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Nephrectomy ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant

PURPOSE: The radioiodine ablation therapy is required for patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy. Through a comparative review of a low iodine diet (LID) and a restricted iodine diet (RID), the study aims to suggest guidelines that are suitable for the conditions of Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted with 101 patients. With 24-hour urine samples from the patients after a 2-week restricted diet and after a 4-week restricted diet, the amount of iodine in the urine was estimated. The consumed radioiodine amounts for 2 hours and 24 hours were calculated. RESULTS: This study was conducted with 47 LID patients and 54 RID patients. The amounts of iodine in urine, the 2-week case and 4-week case for each group showed no significant differences. The amounts of iodine in urine between the two groups were both included in the range of the criteria for radioiodine ablation therapy. Also, 2 hours and 24 hours radioiodine consumption measured after 4-week restrictive diet did not show statistical differences between two groups. CONCLUSION: A 2-week RID can be considered as a type of radioiodine ablation therapy after patients undergo a total thyroidectomy.
Ablation Techniques ; Adult ; Carcinoma/metabolism/*radiotherapy/surgery ; *Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Iodides/urine ; Iodine/administration & dosage/urine ; Iodine Radioisotopes/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea ; Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism/*radiotherapy/surgery ; Thyroidectomy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of papillary tumor of the pineal region (PTPR).

METHODThree hundred and eighty six cases of pineal region and posterior third ventricle tumors, two newborn and two adult pineal glands were analyzed by HE, PAS and immunohistochemistry of 16 antibodies (EnVision method).

RESULTSFive cases of PTPR were diagnosed with mixed papillary features and densely cellular areas, and included one recurrent case. In the papillary areas, the vessels were lined by one or several layers of cuboidal/columnar cells; the vessel wall was hyalinized. In the densely cellular areas, sheets or nests of tumor cells were seen. The tumor cells of these five cases were immunoreactive to CK, CK8/18, synaptophysin, MAP2, nestin, S-100, and vimentin. Four cases were immunoreactive to NSE and CgA; and 2 cases were immunoreactive to NF. All five cases were negative for EMA, CK5/6, CEA, and NeuN. Ki-67 labeling index ranged from 1% to 6%.Three patients were alive, and the recurrent one died.

CONCLUSIONSPTPR occurs in patients with over a wide age range, from children to adults, and is more commonly found in male than female. PTPR is composed of both papillary and solid areas, characterized by epithelial cytology, and needs to be differentiated from ependymoma. PTPR may originate from the specialized ependymocytes of the subcommissural organ. The prognostic factors are early diagnosis, complete surgical resection and radiotherapy.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ependymoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-18 ; metabolism ; Keratin-8 ; metabolism ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Nestin ; metabolism ; Pineal Gland ; Pinealoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vimentin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) and the prognostic significance of the new WHO classification and staging system about gastroenteropancreatic NENs.

METHODSThe clinical and pathological records were reviewed in 73 patients with colorectal NENs (carcinoids). All slides were retrieved and reviewed, immunohistochemical staining (EnVision method) was performed and follow-up information retrieved.

RESULTSForty-one men and thirty-two women were included with a median age of 53 years (19 - 79 years). The location of the primary tumors in 65 patients was within 10 cm from the anorectal line. In 45 cases, the tumor diameter was ≤ 1 cm (no metastasis occurred); in 11 cases, the tumor diameter was > 1 cm but ≤ 2 cm (two patients had metastatic tumors); in 17 cases, the tumor diameter was > 2 cm (12 patients had metastatic tumors). The metastatic rate was significantly correlated with tumor size (P = 0.000). All tumors were immunoreactivity for synaptophysin and/or chromogranin A. According to the criteria of WHO classification and staging system about gastroenteropancreatic NENs, there were 65 cases of neuroendocrine tumors, including 51 cases of grade 1 (G1), 14 cases of grade 2 (G2), 4 cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma (G3) and 4 cases of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma. Following-up data showed that of the 34 patients with G1 tumor, there were no tumor-related death, but two patients showed metastases, and the remaining patients were disease free for 6 to 179 months. Of the 12 patients with G2 tumors, five developed metastasis, there were two tumor-related deaths, and the nine surviving patients were alive for 17 to 118 months. Of the four G3 patients, all developed metastasis and there were three tumor-related deaths. Of the four mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma there were two tumor-related deaths. The difference of metastatic rate, tumor-related mortality, and overall survival among different grading groups in this series was statistically significant (P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONSColorectal neuroendocrine neoplasm is a group of tumors with distinct prognostic difference, and most of these tumors show an indolent clinical behavior. There is a good correlation between the new WHO classification and staging system of gastroenteropancreatic NENs and their clinical behaviors.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; secondary ; surgery ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; secondary ; surgery ; Survival Rate ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Tumor Burden ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEThe role of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in breast cancer patients with T1-T2 tumors and 1-3 positive axillary nodes is still uncertain. This study investigated the value of PMRT for these patients.

METHODSIn the retrospective data of 488 eligible patients, survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using a log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards model, respectively.

RESULTSThe median observation time was 54 months. The 5- and 10-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rates were 90.8% and 86.9%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 82.0% and 74.3%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were 90.7% and 82.7%, respectively. For the 412 patients without PMRT, T2 classification, 2-3 positive nodes, and hormone (estrogen and progesterone) receptor-negative were risk factors for locoregional recurrence in the multivariate analysis. On the basis of these 3 risk factors, the group with 2-3 factors had a 10-year LRFS rate of 63.1% compared with 96.1% for the group with 0-1 factors (P < 0.001). For the group with 2-3 risk factors, LRFS and DFS were significantly improved by PMRT, with the 5- and 10-year LRFS rates without PMRT of 82.4% and 63.1%, respectively, and, with PMRT, of 98.1% at both 5 years and 10 years (P = 0.002). The 5- and 10-year DFS rates without PMRT were 72.0% and 57.6%, respectively, and, with PMRT, the 5- and 10-year DFS rates were 89.4% and 81.7%, respectively (P = 0.007). There was no significant difference in the 10-year OS rates between patients with and without PMRT. However, there is the potential benefit of 15.3% (87.1% vs. 71.8%, P = 0.072). Conversely, the group with 0-1 factors of PMRT had no effect on prognosis.

CONCLUSIONSIn patients receiving mastectomy with T1-T2 breast cancer with 1-3 positive nodes, for the group with 2-3 risk factors, PMRT significantly improved LRFS and DFS and has potential benefit in OS.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; drug therapy ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mastectomy ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Radiotherapy, High-Energy ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

Biomarker identification is crucial for the selection of patients who might benefit from radiotherapy. To explore potential markers for response and prognosis in patients with locally advanced esophageal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy followed by surgery, we evaluated the expression of cell cycle checkpoint-related proteins Chk2, Cdc25C, and Cyclin D1. A total of 56 patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with radiotherapy followed by surgery. Pretreatment tumor biopsy specimens were analyzed for Chk2, Cdc25C, and Cyclin D1 expression by immunohistochemistry. High expression of Chk2, Cyclin D1, and Cdc25C was observed in 44 (78.6%), 15 (26.8%), and 27 (48.2%) patients, respectively. The median survival was 16 months (range, 3-154 months), with a 5-year overall survival rate of 19.6%. Overexpression of Chk2 was associated with smoking (P = 0.021), overexpression of Cdc25C was associated with patient age (P = 0.033) and tumor length (P = 0.001), and overexpression of Cdc25C was associated with pathologic complete response (P = 0.038). Univariate analysis demonstrated that overexpression of Cdc25C and pathologic complete response was associated with better survival. In multivariate analysis, Cdc25C was the most significant independent predictor of better survival (P = 0.014) for patients treated with radiotherapy followed by surgery. Overexpression of Cdc25C was significantly associated with pathologic complete response and better survival of patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer treated with radiotherapy followed by surgery. These results suggest that Cdc25C may be a biomarker of treatment response and good prognosis for esophageal carcinoma patients. Thus, immunohistochemical staining of Cdc25C in a pretreatment specimen may be a useful method of identifying optimal treatment for patients with esophageal carcinoma.
Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Checkpoint Kinase 2 ; metabolism ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Particle Accelerators ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Smoking ; Survival Rate ; cdc25 Phosphatases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo improve the understanding of thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma (TNC) by retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 21 cases.

METHODSThe clinical data of 21 patients with TNC treated in the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1998 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThere were 12 males and 9 females, with onset age ranging from 13 to 67 years and the mean age of 43 years. The clinical manifestation was diverse, in which the malaise of chest and back accounted for 57.1% (12/21), Cushing's syndrome 33.3% (7/21), multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 accounted for 4.8% (1/21), pharyngeal malaise 4.8%, superior vena cava syndrome 4.8% (1/21) and asymptomatic patients accounted for 4.8% (1/21). Eighteen of them demonstrated metastasis, in which 13 had metastasis to lymph nodes and local vascular invasion, 9 to lung or pleura, 5 to bone, 1 to liver and 1 was recurred in situ. Twenty of them were treated by surgical resection. Eleven of them received radiotherapy and 9 chemotherapy after surgery. One patient was too severe to endure surgery, and was a treated by chemotherapy only.

CONCLUSIONTNC is rare, and its clinical features are complex, with a high level of malignancy. The first choice of treatment is resection. Adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may be applied in patients with metastasis.

Adolescent ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Neoplasms ; secondary ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cushing Syndrome ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Retrospective Studies ; Thymectomy ; Thymus Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Young Adult

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Adult ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carboplatin ; administration & dosage ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Iridium Radioisotopes ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; methods ; Neoplasm Staging ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; Preoperative Period ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Retrospective Studies ; Serpins ; metabolism ; Treatment Outcome ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery

OBJECTIVETriple-negative [estrogen receptor (ER)-/progesterone receptor (PR)-/HER2-] breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for ∼ 15% of overall breast cancer and associated with a poor prognosis. There is a short of standard adjuvant chemotherapy regimens for TNBC. A number of studies have shown that TNBC might be sensitive to cisplatin and carboplatin on the basis that dysfunction of BRCA1 and its pathway is associated with a specific DNA-repair defect, but data of adjuvant setting about this is limited.

METHODSFrom January 2010 to September 2011, 95 early triple-negative breast cancer patients confirmed by pathology were randomly assigned to receive TP (docetaxel 75 mg/m², carboplatin AUC = 5, day 1, 21 days a cycle for 6 cycles) or EC-T (epirubicin 90 mg/m², cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m², d1, 21 days a cycle for 4 cycles, followed by docetaxel 80 mg/m², d1, 21 days a cycle for 4 cycles) chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiation therapy was given selectively after chemotherapy. Here we report a preliminary safety analysis with the chi-square test.

RESULTSSeventy-six out of the 95 patients had completed the chemotherapy and could be assessed for the safety profiles of the regimens. Thirty-seven of them were in the EC-T group with a median age of 47 years, and 21 out of these 37 patients were premenopausal (56.8%). Another 39 patients came from the TP group with a median age of 46 years, and 22 out of these 39 patients were premenopausal (56.4%). All of the 37 patients in EC-T group completed the planned treatment whereas 2 patients of the 39 cases in TP group did not because of bone marrow suppression. During the treatments, 9 patients had dose adjustment in each group. Adverse events of grade 1/2 were common. Specific incidence of adverse events with grade 3/4 in each group was as follows: alopecia, 29.7% vs. 10.3% (P = 0.033), vomiting 21.6% vs. 7.7% (P = 0.085), leukopenia 54.1% vs.25.6% (P = 0.011) and neutropenia 51.4% vs. 35.9% (P = 0.174). Other grade 3/4 toxicities were rare. All the adverse events (except peripheral neuropathy and pigmentation) recovered within 1 month after the chemotherapy.

CONCLUSIONBoth EC-T and TP regimens as adjuvant chemotherapy are safe and tolerable for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer patients, while the TP regimen has advantages with less grade III/IV alopecia and leukopenia.

Adult ; Aged ; Alopecia ; chemically induced ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Carboplatin ; administration & dosage ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cyclophosphamide ; administration & dosage ; Epirubicin ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neutropenia ; chemically induced ; Premenopause ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Taxoids ; administration & dosage ; Vomiting ; chemically induced

OBJECTIVETo explore different therapies and affecting factors in breast cancer patients ≥ 65 years old.

METHODSTo retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics, treatments, comorbidity and survival rate of 126 female breast cancer patients over 65 years old who underwent surgical operation in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2010. To compare and analyze the differences in the treatment patterns, and find out the affecting factors.

RESULTSOne hundred and twenty-six cases were included in this retrospective study, and they were divided into two groups according to age: 65-74 years old group (71 cases) and >74 years group (55 cases). Most patients in the two groups received modified radical mastectomy (84.5% and 89.1%); 73.2% and 54.5% of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy in the two groups, respectively. 67.6% and 61.8% of the patients had adjuvant endocrine therapy respectively. 19.7% and 7.3% of the patients received radiotherapy, respectively. Chemotherapy in elderly breast cancer patients was correlated with age, pathological types, progesterone receptor (PR) status and comorbidity. Radiotherapy in elderly breast cancer patients was related to age, surgical patterns, TNM stage and lymph node status. Multivariate analysis showed that age, pathological types, PR expression and comorbidity were independent factors affecting choice of chemotherapy in elderly breast cancer patients (P < 0.05 for all). Age and surgical patterns were independent factors affecting choice of radiotherapy (P < 0.05 for all). The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate in these patients were 91.3% and 92.0%, respectively. Furthermore, endocrine therapy was related to 3-year DFS rate (P = 0.038) and age was correlated with 3-year OS rate (P = 0.037) in these elderly patients.

CONCLUSIONSBreast cancer in the elderly patients receive similar surgery and endocrine therapy, but the elderly patients are less likely to have chemotherapy and radiotherapy, due to age, PR expression, pathological types, surgical patterns and comorbidity. Only age contributes to the lower 3-year overall survival rate in >74-year old patients.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate