Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Translocation, Genetic

OBJECTIVE: To observe expression of stathmin gene in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and relation between expression of stathmin gene and occurrence and development of LSCC. METHOD: The expression of the stathmin gene was determined in 35 LSCC of specimens and 18 normal laryngeal tissues (NLT) of specimens by in situ hybridization with Digoxigenin labeled probe of stathmin mRNA. RESULT: Expression of stathmin gene was observed in 35 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissue (positive rate, 69%) and positive signal was observed in both cytoplasm and nuclear. Among 18 cases of normal tissue, only 6 showed weak positive signal. There was significant difference in expression of stathmin gene between laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissue and normal tissue. CONCLUSION Expression of stathmin gene may play a key role in the pathogenesis and development of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. It may be a very important biotherapy target in the treatment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Stathmin ; genetics ; metabolism

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phosphoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEHuman achaete-scute homolog 1 (hASH1) gene plays a critical role in development of the central nervous system, automatic nervous system, adrenal medullary chromaffin cells, thyroid C cells and pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. The aim of this study is to determine hASH1 gene expression in the normal lung tissue and various types of lung tumors, to analyze whether its expression correlated with pulmonary neuroendocrine markers, and to explore the possibility of hASH1 as clinical pathological markers in the neuroendocrine tumors compared with previous neuroendocrine tumor markers.

METHODShASH1, Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin and CD56 expression were examined in lung tumor specimens (lung inflammatory pseudotumor, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinomas, large cell carcinoma, typical carcinoids, atypical carcinoids, large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and small cell lung carcinoma and corresponding normal lung specimens) using immunohistochemistry (S-P method). Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay were applied to detect the expressions of hASH1 protein and mRNA in lung cancer tissues.

RESULTShASH1 expression was positive in 2/16 (12.5%) typical carcinoids, 15/20 (75%) atypical carcinoids, 6/10 (60%) large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and 31/40 (77.5%) small cell lung carcinoma, respectively, but not in any normal lung tissue (0/10), lung inflammatory pseudotumor (0/49), squamous cell carcinoma (0/30), adenocarcinomas (0/30) or large cell carcinoma (0/20). There was a significant difference in hASH1 expression between typical carcinoids and atypical carcinoids (P < 0.01), but not in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and small cell lung carcinoma (P > 0.05). hASH1 expression highly closely correlated with Chromogranin A, Synaptophysin and CD56 expression (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONhASH1 is a new kind of highly specific markers of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours, and may be applied to clinical pathology diagnosis of the pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo make quantitative analysis of DNA content of breast cancer with neuroendocrine (NE) cells and its significance.

METHODSUsing MIPS-III image analyzer, DNA content and 9 parameter measurements of the tumor nuclei were made in both NE positive (17) and negative (64) breast carcinomas.

RESULTSOut of 81 breast carcinomas, 17 cases were NE positive while 64 cases were NE negative. In the NE (+) cases, the integral optic density, mean optic density, DNA index, DNA stemlines peak, > 5c aneuploidy cells and the rate of aneuploidy cells were all lower than those in the NE negative breast carcinoma cases (P < 0.01). The positive rates of NE cells were 32.5% and 7.9% in grade I - II breast carcinomas and in grade III breast carcinomas respectively with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONOur study shows that NE (+) breast carcinomas have lower DNA parameters than NE (-) breast carcinomas, suggesting that NE (+) breast carcinomas have lower malignancy.

Aneuploidy ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of chromogenic in-situ hybridization (CISH) in detecting HER2 gene amplification in breast carcinomas.

METHODSHER2 oncogene amplification and its protein expression in 165 cases of breast carcinoma were investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and CISH.

RESULTS(1) CISH did not detect HER2 gene amplification in 107 cases of IHC negative tumors and 24 cases of IHC 1+ tumors. (2) CISH identified high copy numbers of HER2 gene amplification in 21/22 (95.5%) cases with IHC 3+. (3) In 12 HIC 2+ cases, CISH identified 3 cases of high copy number amplification, 6 cases of low copy number amplification and 3 cases without amplification.

CONCLUSIONSHER2 gene amplification detection by CISH is highly sensitive and has a high concordance with IHC detection of the protein expression. It is concluded that CISH is a tool to evaluate HER2 gene status in breast cancer and can be an implement in conventional pathology laboratories.

Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chromogenic Compounds ; Female ; Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; In Situ Hybridization ; methods ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics ; metabolism

Antigens, CD ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tetraspanin 24

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) at protein and mRNA levels in invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast (IMPC) and to analyze the relationship between PSCA expression and clinicopathologic features.

METHODSThe expression of PSCA protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (LSAB) in 66 cases of IMPC and 67 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified (IDC-NOS). The association between PSCA expression and clinicopathologic features was also analyzed in IMPC. Furthermore, RT-PCR was used to detect PSCA mRNA in 10 cases of primary IMPC and 10 cases of primary IDC-NOS with paired normal breast tissues, each from the same subject.

RESULTSImmunohistochemical analysis revealed the overexpression of PSCA in 47 of 66 (71.2%) cases of IMPC and 35 of 67 (52.2%) IDC-NOS. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference of PSCA expression between IMPC and IDC-NOS (P = 0.024). In IMPC, the expression of PSCA was correlated with lymph nodes metastasis (P = 0.039). RT-PCR showed the mRNA level of PSCA was significantly higher in primary IMPC and IDC-NOS tissue than that in paired normal breast tissue (7/10 and 5/10, respectively), and it was also significantly higher in primary IMPC tissue than that in IDC-NOS tissue.

CONCLUSIONPSCA might play an important role in lymph node metastasis in IMPC.

Antigens, Neoplasm ; genetics ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism

Many studies have reported that the expression of silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) is associated with the clinical features and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer, but the exact function remains controversial. We conducted this study to illustrate the clinical and prognostic value of Sirt1 in gastric cancer. The related publications before December 2015 were searched in the databases including Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The studies were included and excluded according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) and clinical features such as age, T stage, N stage and differentiation were analyzed by software RevMan 5.3. A total of 1650 patients in 7 studies were included according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The high expression of Sirt1 was found in 58.4% cases by immunohistochemistry. High expression of Sirt1 was closely linked with the 3-year OS (OR=0.25, 95% CI: 0.16-0.39, P<0.00001, fixed), patient's age (≥60 years old vs. <60 years old; OR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.06-1.93, P=0.02, fixed), T stage (T3+T4 vs. T1+T2; OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.08-1.94, P=0.01, fixed), N stage (N1+N2+N3 vs. N0; OR=3.47, 95% CI: 2.39-5.05, P<0.00001, fixed) and tumor differentiation (G1+G2 vs. G3; OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.35-0.69, P<0.0001, fixed). Nevertheless, it seemed that high expression of Sirt1 was not associated with 5-year OS (OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.15-1.28, P=0.13, random). It was suggested that the high expression of Sirt1 implies a poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients in a relatively short period (3 years), but not in a long time (≥5 years). The expression of Sirt1 is also linked with patients' age, T stage, N stage and tumor differentiation.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Sirtuin 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Survival Analysis

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features of small cell carcinoma of ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) and to evaluate the diagnostic significance of loss of SMARCA4 expression.

METHODSThe clinicopathologic characteristics of 5 cases of SCCOHT were reviewed. The expression of SMARCA4 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in the cases of SCCOHT and 240 cases of other primary malignant tumors of ovary and peritoneum.

RESULTSThe mean and medium age of these patients was 30 years and 28 years, respectively. The presenting symptoms included abdominal pain, distention and a pelvic mass. Hypercalcemia was found in 3 patients. The maximum diameter of tumors ranged from 13.5 to 22.0 cm. Extraovarian spread was demonstrated in all of the patients on presentation. Histologically, the tumors were composed of closely packed small round cells with scanty cytoplasm, hyperchromatic nuclei and irregular chromatin clumps. The tumor cells grew in sheets, nests, cords or trabecular pattern. Follicle-like spaces were observed in 4 cases. Three of the tumors contained large cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Spindle cell morphology was found in 1 case. There were 2 cases with myxoid or hyaline stroma. Four out of five of SCCOHT cases showed loss of SMARCA4 protein while only 6.3% (15/240) of the other primary malignant tumors of ovary and peritoneum , including undifferentiated carcinoma (1/5), high-grade serous carcinoma (4.6%, 5/109), endometrioid carcinoma (7.7%, 2/26), clear cell carcinoma (1/9), mucinous carcinoma (1/5), mixed carcinoma (4.9%, 3/61), carcinosarcoma (1/9) and high-grade serous carcinoma of peritoneum (1/9), were negative.

CONCLUSIONSSCCOHT is a rare malignant tumor and often misdiagnosed as other types of ovarian small cell tumor. Loss expression of SMARCA4 protein is characteristic and facilitates the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SCCOHT.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Adult ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; DNA Helicases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism