Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; radiotherapy ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Humans

Verrucous carcinoma is a low grade, well differentiated, unusual variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It has been described to represent an intermediate lesion between condyloma acuminata and squamous cell carcinoma. Since malignant transformation of verrucous carcinoma has been reported to occur in 30-50% of cases, the first line treatment for verrucous carcinoma is surgery, preferably Mohs surgery. Herein, we describe a case of recurrent verrucous carcinoma on the right buttock of a man with a history of radical excision and radiotherapy of a previous perianal verrucous carcinoma. The patient was successfully treated with 5% imiquimod cream, an immune response modifier with potential antiviral and antitumor effects. Imiquimod may be an effective treatment for verrucous carcinoma and presents an alternative therapy to surgical excision.
Buttocks ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carcinoma, Verrucous* ; Humans ; Mohs Surgery ; Radiotherapy

Malignant tumor have hypoxic cell fraction, which makes radio-resistant and hypoxia in tumor is a result from the blood flow decrease caused by increase in blood flow resistance. Blood viscosity increase is major factor of increased blood flow resistance and it could be attributed to the decrease in blood deformability index. For the evaluation of the change of blood viscosity and blood deformability in oral squamous cell carcinoma, we perform the test of the change of those factors between the normal control group and oral squamous cell carcinoma cell patient group. Relative viscosity measured against distilled water was 5.25+/-0.14 for normal control group, and 5.78+/-0.26 for the SCC patient group and there was statistical significance between the groups. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in blood viscosity between the groups by tumor size (T1+T2 vs T3+T4). Also, there was no significant difference between the normal control group and SCC patient group in blood deformability index and between the groups by tumor size (T1+T2 vs T3+T4). Increase in blood viscosity was confirmed with this study and it can be postulated that modification blood viscosity might contribute to decrease of hypoxia fraction in oral squamous cell carcinoma, thus improve the effect of radiotherapy and it can be assumed that the main factor of blood viscosity increase is not decrease of blood deformability in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Anoxia ; Blood Viscosity* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Humans ; Radiotherapy ; Viscosity ; Water

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rarely seen, high grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma that carries a poor prognosis. This malignancy has a predilection for the upper aerodigestive tract, although it has been found in other sites. To author's knowledge, BSCC originating in the nasal cavity has rarely been reported. We present a case of a 70-year-old male who was treated with surgical excision and radiotherapy with basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in the nasal cavity.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Cavity* ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy

Various types of appendage tumors develop secondarily within lesions of nevus sebaceus. A syringocystadenoma papilliferum is the most common benign tumor while basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor developed within a nevus sebaceus. However, a squamous cell carcinoma rarely develops within a nevus sebaceus, although it may be aggressive. We report a case of a 44 year-old man who had a fingertip-sized hemorrhagic crusted mass in a 3x4cm sized nevus sebaceus which had developed since birth on the right occipital scalp. This mass has rapidly enlarged into 1x2cm sized growth in the past 4 months. Histopathologic examination of the lesion showed that infiltrative squamous cell carcinoma with good or moderate differentiation indicatied the lesion of nevus sebaceus. Wide excision of squamous cell carcinoma including the whole lesion of nevus sebaceus was performed. Three months later, squamous cell carcinoma recurred in the same part of the scalp. Another wide excision of the recurrence was performed, but recurred again in the same part with invasion into the muscle layer. The recurrence is currently being treated by radiotherapy.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Humans ; Nevus* ; Parturition ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Scalp

BACKGROUND: High energy electron beam therapy is an excellent modality for treating epithelial skin cancers with high local tumor control, good cosmesis and low complication. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the local control rate, complication rate and cosmesis of electron beam therapy with histopathologically confirmed epithelial skin cancers. METHODS: A total of 23 consecutively treated, biopsy proven epithelial skin cancers of the head and neck treated with electron beam therapy were retrospectively analyzed to determine the rate of local control, radiotherapy reaction and cosmesis. RESULTS: Seventy percent of patients received electron beam therapy after biopsy only and 26% received electron beam therapy following surgical excision with pathologically positive margins or insufficient excision. The overall local tumor control rate was 87%. Patients with basal cell carcinoma had a 89% overall control rate; patients with squamous cell carcinoma had 80%. Excellent or good cosmesis was achieved in 96%. Side effects were mild and self-limiting. CONCLUSION: Electron beam therapy remains an excellent treatment modality for epithelial skin cancer and offers excellent cosmesis.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Head* ; Humans ; Neck* ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Neoplasms* ; Skin*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the dosimetric benefits and treatment efficiency of carotid-sparing TomoHelical 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (TH-3DCRT) for early glottic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten early-stage (T1N0M0) glottic squamous cell carcinoma patients were simulated, based on computed tomography scans. Two-field 3DCRT (2F-3DCRT), 3-field intensity-modulated radiation therapy (3F-IMRT), TomoHelical-IMRT (TH-IMRT), and TH-3DCRT plans were generated with a 67.5-Gy total prescription dose to the planning target volume (PTV) for each patient. In order to evaluate the plan quality, dosimetric characteristics were compared in terms of conformity index (CI) and homogeneity index (HI) for PTV, dose to the carotid arteries, and maximum dose to the spinal cord. Treatment planning and delivery times were compared to evaluate treatment efficiency. RESULTS: The median CI was substantially better for the 3F-IMRT (0.65), TH-IMRT (0.64), and TH-3DCRT (0.63) plans, compared to the 2F-3DCRT plan (0.32). PTV HI was slightly better for TH-3DCRT and TH-IMRT (1.05) compared to 2F-3DCRT (1.06) and 3F-IMRT (1.09). TH-3DCRT, 3F-IMRT, and TH-IMRT showed an excellent carotid sparing capability compared to 2F-3DCRT (p < 0.05). For all plans, the maximum dose to the spinal cord was < 45 Gy. The median treatment planning times for 2F-3DCRT (5.85 minutes) and TH-3DCRT (7.10 minutes) were much lower than those for 3F-IMRT (45.48 minutes) and TH-IMRT (35.30 minutes). The delivery times for 2F-3DCRT (2.06 minutes) and 3F-IMRT (2.48 minutes) were slightly lower than those for TH-IMRT (2.90 minutes) and TH-3DCRT (2.86 minutes). CONCLUSION: TH-3DCRT showed excellent carotid-sparing capability, while offering high efficiency and maintaining good PTV coverage.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carotid Arteries ; Humans ; Prescriptions ; Radiotherapy, Conformal* ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; Spinal Cord

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of radiotherapy and surgery on carcinoma of the middle ear. METHOD: A review of five published literatures was conducted according to defined selection criteria by the Review Manager 5.0 statistical software. RESULT: There were no systematic reviews or large-scale RCTs between radiotherapy and symptomatic treatment containing surgery and radiotherapy for carcinoma of the middle ear. CONCLUSION Radiotherapy and symptomatic treatment for carcinoma of the middle ear have no obvious differences. The radiotherapy is the first choice for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the middle ear.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; therapy ; Ear Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; therapy ; Ear, Middle ; Humans ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFX) for early glottic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-five patients with cT1-2N0M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottis who had undergone HFX, performed using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT, n = 66) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT, n = 19) were analyzed. For all patients, radiotherapy was administered at 60.75 Gy in 27 fractions. Forty-three patients received a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) of 2.3–2.5 Gy per tumor fraction. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 29.9 months (range, 5.5 to 76.5 months). All patients achieved complete remission at a median of 50 days after the end of radiotherapy (range, 14 to 206 days). The 5-year rates for locoregional recurrence-free survival was 88.1%, and the 5-year overall survival rate was 86.2%. T2 stage was a prognostic factor for locoregional recurrence-free survival after radiotherapy (p = 0.002). SIB for the tumor did not affect disease control and survival (p = 0.191 and p = 0.387, respectively). No patients experienced acute or chronic toxicities of ≥grade 3. IMRT significantly decreased the dose administered to the carotid artery as opposed to 3D CRT (V₃₅, p < 0.001; V₅₀, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with HFX achieved acceptable locoregional disease control rates and overall survival rates compared with previous HFX studies. A fraction size of 2.25 Gy provided good disease control regardless of SIB administration.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carotid Arteries ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glottis ; Humans ; Radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVE: To investigate dosimetric characteristics and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) as compared with conventional radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS: Forty-seven NPC patients who accepted IMRT served as the IMRT group, and conventional radiotherapy plan was also made for each patient in this group using the treatment planning system. Dosiological evaluation of the 2 radiotherapy plans was made through dose volume histogram, 95% target volume dose (V(95)) and normal tissue complication probability. Another 47 patients who underwent conventional radiotherapy (CRT) at the same period formed the control group. The therapeutic effect as well as the acutes and late toxicities of normal tissues in the 2 groups were observed. RESULTS: V(95) of the IMRT was more than 96% (96.83%-99.99%) for each target area, obviously superior to CRT in the sub-clinical target area. The radiation dose of normal tissues such as the brainstem and the spinal cord in the IMRT was much less than that in the CRT. Consistant with this, the part and complete remission rate, the 3-year loco-regional progress free survival rate, and overall survival rate in the IMRT group were all higher than those in the CRT group. For most patients in the IMRT group, the grade of acute toxicities was much lower than that in the CRT group. Patients in the IMRT group showed no more than grade 3 xerostomia, while in the CRT group still 21% of the patients suffered grade 3 or higher xerostomia a year later. CONCLUSION Compared with CRT, IMRT can improve the target volume dose and decrease the dose of surrounding tissues, resulting in higher control rate and fewer side effects.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; radiotherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; methods ; Young Adult