2.A Case of Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Liver.
Kyung Jin KIM ; Hyung Joon YIM ; Min Jeong KIM ; Rok Son CHOUNG ; Jong Eun YEON ; Hong Sik LEE ; Kwan Soo BYUN ; Sang Woo LEE ; Jai Hyun CHOI ; Ho Sang RYU ; Chang Hong LEE ; Jin Hai HYUN ; Eung Suk LEE ; Young Sik KIM
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2006;48(1):37-41
Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is a type of undifferentiated, malignant neuroendocrine tumor. Most of neuroendocrine tumors exhibit well-differentiated features and are classified as carcinoid tumors. However, carcinomas of the liver with anaplastic characters, which are classified as small-cell carcinomas are extremely rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature. We report an unusual case of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the liver in a 67-year-old man. The patient was found to have a palpable mass on right upper quadrant of abdomen on physical examination. The diagnosis was made by immunohistochemical stains of biopsied specimen from the liver. Other possible primary site was excluded by radiologic and endoscopic evaluations. The tumor was composed of small monotonous and hyperchromatic poorly differentiated cells with higher nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, and were positive for neuroendocrine tissue markers such as synaptophysin, c-kit, and CD56.
Aged
;
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/*diagnosis/pathology
;
Carcinoma, Small Cell/*diagnosis/pathology
;
Humans
;
Liver Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology
;
Male
3.Value of liquid-based cytology of brushing specimens obtained via fiberoptic bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
Huan ZHAO ; Huiqin GUO ; Chuanxin ZHANG ; Linlin ZHAO ; Jian CAO ; Qinjing PAN
Chinese Journal of Oncology 2015;37(6):431-435
OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of the liquid-based cytology (LBC) of brushing specimens obtained via fiberoptic bronchoscopy for clinical diagnosis of lung cancer.
METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the LBC cases in our hospital from January 2011 to May 2012, and evaluate its role in the diagnosis of lung cancer.
RESULTSThe clinical data of a total of 4 380 cases were reviewed and 3 763 of them had histopathological or clinical follow-up results (including 3 306 lung cancer cases and 457 benign lesion cases). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of LBC diagnosis for lung cancer were 72.4% (2 392/3 306), 99.3% (454/457) and 75.6% (2 846/3 763), respectively. Of the 1 992 lung cancer cases diagnosed by brushing LBC, 528 cases (26.5%) were failed to take forceps biopsy and 113 cases (5.7%) showed negative forceps biopsy results. The accurate rate of subtyping of LBC for non-small cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma was 99.0% (1 487/1 502) (P < 0.001). Take the resection histopathology as gold standard, the accurate rates of subtyping squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma by LBC were 95.6% (351/367), 95.6% (351/367) and 100% (367/367), respectively, (P < 0.001). The accurate rates of subtyping of squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma by forceps biopsy were 97.0% (293/302), 97.4% (294/302) and 99.7% (301/302), respectively, (Kappa = 0.895, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in subtyping respectively between forceps biopsy and brushing LBC (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONSFiberoptic bronchoscopic brushing liquid-based cytology can significantly improve the detection rate of lung cancer, and have a high specificity and accurate rate of subtyping. It is an effective tool for the diagnosis and subtyping of lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Biopsy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; methods ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; pathology ; Surgical Instruments
5.Histologic variants of prostate cancer.
Liang CHENG ; Jia-wen XU ; Xiao-dong TENG
Chinese Journal of Pathology 2009;38(7):495-498
Adenocarcinoma
;
pathology
;
Carcinoma, Acinar Cell
;
pathology
;
Carcinoma, Adenosquamous
;
pathology
;
Carcinoma, Basal Cell
;
pathology
;
Carcinoma, Endometrioid
;
pathology
;
Carcinoma, Small Cell
;
pathology
;
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
;
pathology
;
Carcinosarcoma
;
pathology
;
Humans
;
Immunohistochemistry
;
Male
;
Prostatic Neoplasms
;
classification
;
pathology
6.Neuroendocrine cells of prostate cancer: biologic functions and molecular mechanisms.
Yu-Hua HUANG ; Ya-Qun ZHANG ; Jiao-Ti HUANG
Asian Journal of Andrology 2019;21(3):291-295
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health risk for older men worldwide. Existing systemic therapies mostly target androgen receptor (AR). Although treatments are initially effective, the disease always recurs. A potential mechanism for the treatment failure is that PCa contains, in addition to the AR-positive luminal type tumor cells, a small component of neuroendocrine (NE) cells. The function of NE cells in PCa remains poorly understood, and one important characteristic of these cells is their lack of expression of AR and resistance to hormonal therapy. In addition, many patients develop the more aggressive small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) after hormonal therapy. Although this clinical phenomenon of disease transformation from adenocarcinoma to SCNC is well established, the cell of origin for SCNC remains unclear. Recently, loss of function of Rb and TP53 and amplification and overexpression of MYCN and Aurora A kinase have been identified as important biomarkers and potential disease drivers. In this article, we systematically review the histology of normal prostate and prostate cancer including the main histologic types: adenocarcinoma and SCNC. We also review the findings from many studies using cellular and animal models as well as human specimens that attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms of treatment failure, disease progression, and tumor transformation from adenocarcinoma to SCNC.
Adenocarcinoma/pathology*
;
Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology*
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Neuroendocrine Cells/pathology*
;
Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology*
10.Small cell undifferentiated carcinoma in the epididymis.
Jia-wei CHEN ; Lin YUAN ; Hong-hui HU
Chinese Medical Journal 2005;118(16):1402-1404
Adult
;
Carcinoma, Small Cell
;
chemistry
;
pathology
;
Epididymis
;
pathology
;
Humans
;
Immunohistochemistry
;
Male
;
Testicular Neoplasms
;
chemistry
;
pathology
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