Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the female reproductive tract are a heterogeneous group of rare neoplasms posing both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The recent classification by WHO includes neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) and neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). NECs are the poorly differentiated small cell carcinoma (SCNEC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), while well-differentiated NETs include typical carcinoids (TC) and atypical carcinoids (AC). Majority of these tumours have an aggressive clinical course and published data is supportive of multi-modal therapeutic strategies. Etoposide/platinum based chemotherapy is commonly advocated. Histopathological categorisation and diagnosis are paramount to guide therapy. Well-differentiated carcinoid and atypical carcinoid tumours should be managed similar to gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. This review discusses the current classification, clinicpathologic characteristics and advances in the diagnostic evaluation and the treatment options of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix.
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoid Tumor

Most tumors affecting Vater's ampulla are adenocarcinomas, but a neuroendocrine carcinoma in the ampulla of Vater is extremely rare. The coexistence of these two tumors has been reported in only a few cases. Here, we report a rare case of a collision tumor of the ampulla of Vater with an adenocarcinoma and a large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Ampulla of Vater ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine

A 43-year-old female with a surgically unresectable and non-secretory mediastinal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma waws previously given the protein kinase inhibitor Everolimus with intolerable nausea and fatigue. High somatostatin receptor expression of the known tumor was seen on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan. She was then given 6.4 GBq of 177 Lu-DOTATATE with no adverse events. A follow-up 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scan three months post-treatment showerd stable DOTATATE affinity with no evidence of metastasis. this case presents an overview of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), especially for multidisciplinary teams in the Philippines, as 68Ga and 177 Lu theranostics is introduced in the country.
Precision Medicine ; Philippines ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine

Neuroendocrine tumors of the female reproductive tract are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that display various histologic findings and biologic behaviors. In this review, the classification and clinicopathologic characteristics of neuroendocrine tumors of the female reproductive tract are described. Differential diagnoses are discussed, especially for non-neuroendocrine tumors showing high-grade nuclei with neuroendocrine differentiation. This review also discusses recent advances in our pathogenetic understanding of these disorders.
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Classification ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female* ; Humans ; Neuroendocrine Tumors*

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of larynx are a rare group of tumors that include typical carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and paraganglioma. Among them, typical carcinoid is the least common type and the treatment and prognosis is different from the other tumors. We report a case of recurrent typical carcioid of supraglottis with interval of 5 years, which were excised locally at each time. As far as we know, this is the 15th case of a typical carcinoid of larynx.
Carcinoid Tumor* ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Larynx ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Paraganglioma ; Prognosis

Biological Therapy ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; therapy

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Liver*

BACKGROUND: Few studies on how to diagnose pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors through morphometric analysis have been reported. In this study, we measured and analyzed the characteristic parameters of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors using an image analyzer to aid in diagnosis. METHODS: Sixteen cases of typical carcinoid tumor, 5 cases of atypical carcinoid tumor, 15 cases of small cell carcinoma, and 51 cases of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma were analyzed. Using an image analyzer, we measured the nuclear area, perimeter, and the major and minor axes. RESULTS: The mean nuclear area was 0.318+/-0.101 microm2 in typical carcinoid tumors, 0.326+/-0.119 microm2 in atypical carcinoid tumors, 0.314+/-0.107 microm2 in small cell carcinomas, and 0.446+/-0.145 microm2 in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. The mean nuclear circumference was 2.268+/-0.600 microm in typical carcinoid tumors, 2.408+/-0.680 microm in atypical carcinoid tumors, 2.158+/-0.438 microm in small cell carcinomas, and 3.247+/-1.276 microm in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. All parameters were useful in distinguishing large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma from other tumors (p=0.001) and in particular, nuclear circumference was the most effective (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors showed nuclear morphology differences by subtype. Therefore, evaluation of quantitative nuclear parameters improves the accuracy and reliability of diagnosis.
Carcinoid Tumor ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Neuroendocrine Tumors

Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the endometrium is a rare, aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer. We report a 61-year-old female with a history of breast cancer, s/p modified radical mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormonal (tamoxifen) therapy, who presented with post-menopausal bleeding. Patient underwent TAH-BSO with lymph node dissection, and was diagnosed with a mixed small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), confirmed by positive immunohistochemical staining for neuroendocrine markers. No other lesions were identified on PET-CT, making a primary endometrial NEC the most likely diagnosis. We review the clinical and pathologic characteristics of endometrial neuroendocrine carcinomas.
Endometrial Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Small Cell

Neuroendocrine tumors originate from neuroendocrine cell, so called APUD (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation). Most neuroendocrine tumors have typical histopathology, immunohistochemical findings, and can be diagnosed by specific electromicroscopic feature of dense core granules. Neuroendocrine tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms that include carcinoid tumors, islet cell tumors, neuroblastoma, and small cell carcinoma. Neuroendocrine carcinoma of thymus bears similarities to neuroendocrine carcinoma in other organs, but it is clinicopathologically distinct from other tumors of thymus. Rare reports have been seen about thymus neuroendocrine carcinoma. Authors experienced a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma of thymus which cannot be classified as carcinoid, atypical carcinoid, or small cell carcinoma. Herein, we report this case with a review of the literatures.
Adenoma, Islet Cell ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine* ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Neuroblastoma ; Neuroendocrine Cells ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Thymus Gland*