The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion has only been reported in a few patients with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC); however, it has never been reported in a patient with LCNEC of the lung, whose serum sodium levels were normalized after surgical resection of the mass. A 63-year-old male presented with a two-day history of dizziness and recent memory loss. On admission, his serum sodium level was 113 mEq/L with a serum osmolality of 236 mosm/kg, a urine osmolality of 441 mosm/kg, and a urine sodium level of 65 mEq/L. His chest computed tomography revealed a 2.7x2.3 cm-sized mass in the left lower lobe. After surgical removal of the mass, his serum sodium concentrations were normalized, and histopathology of the mass revealed LCNEC.
Carcinoma, Large Cell/*pathology ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/*pathology ; Humans ; Inappropriate ADH Syndrome/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged

Animals ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; physiopathology ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; classification ; Humans ; Urologic Neoplasms ; classification ; Urothelium ; metabolism ; pathology

Aged ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; secondary ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; secondary ; Intestine, Small ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male

From December 1989 to February 1993, 108 patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers(NSCLC) were studied retrospectively to evaluate radiotherapeutic significance of serum levels of NSE. We considered elevated serum neuron specific pathologic evaluation revealed 86 squamous cell carcinomas, 11 adenocarcinomas, 3 large cell carcinomas, 3 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and 5 unknown pathology. Eight patients had stageI, 40 stage III A, and 60 stageIII B. S-NSE level greater than 15 ng/ml was considered as elevated, and below this considered as normal. All patients received radiotherapy as primary treatment modality. The responders to radiotherapy had significantly higher mean S-NSE level than on-responders (28.5 ng/ml vs 20 ng/ml, p=0.01). Overall 2-year survival rate (YSR) was 23.6%. According to radiotherapy response, 2 YSR for patients with CR, PR, and NR were 39.2%, 28.6%, and 6.2% respectively (p=0.001). 2 YSR for patients with elevated and normal S-NSE were 14.6% and 31.7%(p=0.02). The patients with NR showed no difference in survival according to S-NSE level. When we considered all patients, S-NSE level showed no significant impact on response. But for squamous cell cardinomas alone, patients with elevated S-NSE had more patients with higher nodal stage. Based on our and other data, NSCLSC with neuroendocrine features have different response to treatment and clinical behavior compared to other NSCLSC. Thus, this subgroup may need different treatment modality, and S-NSE level may have prognostic significance.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Neurons ; Pathology ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the colon can be classified into small cell carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. The incidence of neuroendocrine carcinoma is so low that the guideline for the treatment of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the colon are not established. The prognosis of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the colon is worse than that of conventional adenocarcinoma of the colon. We report a case of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the colon that treated with right hemicolectomy and 6th sequential combination chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. There has been no evidence of the recurrence or metastasis of tumor for 6 months.
Adult ; Carcinoma, Large Cell/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Colonic Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Colonoscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Some breast neoplasms are classified as primary neuroendocrine carcinomas because they are positive for neuroendocrine markers. Although neuroendocrine carcinomas can originate from various organs of the body, primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast are extremely rare. The diagnosis of primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast can only be made if nonmammary sites are confidently excluded or if an in situ component can be found. Here we report a primary large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNL) involving the left breast. Breast ultrasonography revealed a lobulated, heterogeneous, low-echoic mass in the left breast, and the lesion ap-peared as a well-defined, highly-enhancing mass on a chest computed tomography scan. Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy was performed on the mass, and primary LCNC was confirmed by histopathologic examination.
Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology/ultrasonography ; Carcinoma, Large Cell/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/*diagnosis/pathology/radiography ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Aged ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Histiocytic Sarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Hodgkin Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo isolate lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSCs) from human large-cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H460 (H460) and explore their biological characteristics.

METHODSH460 cells were cultured in serum-free medium in the presence of specific growth factors. Quantitative PCR (qPCR), flow cytometry and colony formation assay were performed to characterize the stemness of H460 spheres. Adherent H460 cells and H460 cell spheres were inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice and the tumor growth was assessed.

RESULTSThe isolated LCSCs from H460 cells in serum-free medium grew as floating cell spheres and exhibited stronger proliferative activity than H460 cells. Compared with H460 cells, H460 cells spheres showed higher expressions of stem cell markers Sox2, Oct4, and especially Nanog, and possessed a stronger tumorigenicity in nude mice.

CONCLUSIONThe serum-free culture system can effectively enrich lung cancer stem cells from human lung cancer stem cell line H460, and the high expression of Nanog may importantly contribute to the maintenance of cancer stem cell-like properties of the isolated LCSCs.

Animals ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; cytology

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an important contributor to cancer-specific mortality worldwide. Targeted agents that inhibit key subtype-specific signaling pathways have improved survival times and have recently become part of the standard of care for this disease. Accurately diagnosing and classifying RCC on the basis of tumor histology is thus critical. RCC has been traditionally divided into clear-cell and non-clear-cell categories, with papillary RCC forming the most common subtype of non-clear-cell RCC. Renal neoplasms with overlapping histologies, such as tumors with mixed clear-cell and papillary features and hybrid renal oncocytic tumors, are increasingly seen in contemporary practice and present a diagnostic challenge with important therapeutic implications. In this review, we discuss the histologic, immunohisto-chemical, cytogenetic, and clinicopathologic aspects of these differential diagnoses and illustrate how the classification of RCC has evolved to integrate both the tumor's microscopic appearance and its molecular fingerprint.
Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; classification ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; classification ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of bladder neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC).

METHODSClinicopathological data from 17 NEC of the bladder cases were collected, and immunohistochemical staining was performed with follow-up analysis and literature review.

RESULTSThe recruited included 13 male and 4 female patients, aged from 48 to 86 years old (average 61 years; 14 patients >60 years). Gross hematuria of the whole urination course or intermittent was the initial symptom. Macroscopically, the outer surface of the tumor presented with polypoid, lobulated, fungating or ulcerous structures. Histologically, according to the criteria of WHO classification of neuroendocrine tumor of the lung, our NEC cases were divided into three histological types: 13 cases of small cell carcinoma, 3 cases of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and 1 case of atypical carcinoid. The urothelial carcinoma was concurrent with NEC in 6 cases, and adenocarcinoma was concurrent with NEC in 2 cases. Most tumor tissue infiltrated to the muscular layer, some infiltrated to the outer membrane. Immunohistochemically, the positive expression rates of CD56, Syn and CgA were 16/17, 16/17 and 12/17, respectively. The epithelial markers, including CK7 and CKpan, were also expressed with positive rates of 12/17 and 15/17, respectively. TTF-1 was positively expressed in 11 cases. The follow-up data were available in 14 cases, of which 9 patients died of the tumor 1-34 months after surgery (average, 11 months). Five patients lived uneventfully for 1-12 months after surgery.

CONCLUSIONSNEC is a rare malignant tumor of the bladder. Immunohistochemical markers such as CD56, Syn, CgA and CKpan could be helpful in determining the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the tumor. NEC is a highly invasive malignant tumor with poor prognosis. Based on its biological behavior, radical cystectomy is the preferred method of treatment for the tumor.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; classification ; complications ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; classification ; complications ; pathology ; Cystectomy ; Female ; Hematuria ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; classification ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; classification ; complications ; pathology