Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Hepatectomy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Postoperative Period

In order to standardize the effective prevention, early screening and diagnosis of the population at risk of primary liver cancer, the Chinese Society of Hepatology and Chinese Medical Association organized the relevant domestic experts to formulate the "Consensus on Secondary Prevention of Primary Liver Cancer (2021 version)," based on the basic, clinical and preventive research progress, combined with the actual situation at home and abroad, so as to provide an important basis for the prevention, screening and early diagnosis of primary liver cancer in the population of chronic liver disease.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/prevention & control* ; Consensus ; Gastroenterology ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Neoplasms/prevention & control* ; Mass Screening ; Secondary Prevention

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control

Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Phytotherapy ; Precancerous Conditions ; drug therapy ; prevention & control

Globally, viral hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the major cause of advanced liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Chronic inflammation resulting from persistent viral hepatitis is also associated with an increased risk of HCC recurrence. Replication of HBV and/or HCV can reactivate during anti-cancer treatments of HCC and lead to hepatic dysfunction, adversely affecting patient outcomes. The most effective way to prevent chronic viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, or HCC would be the implementation of a vaccine. Unfortunately, a vaccine for HCV is currently not available. For chronically infected patients, antiviral therapy may be the only option that can prevent or retard disease progression. Emerging evidence continues to support direct or indirect benefits from antiviral therapy for preventing liver disease progression to cirrhosis, HCC development, and recurrence after curative treatments in patients with chronic HBV or HCV infection. This paper reviews the literature on the management of viral hepatitis in patients with HCC, focusing on primary and tertiary prevention of HCC.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Disease Progression ; Fibrosis ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Diseases ; Recurrence ; Tertiary Prevention

Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has made great progress in recent ten years, although the appropriate selection of treatment methods remains controversial. Surgical resection of HCC is still widely recognized as the first choice, which has been remarkably improved by effectively controlling intra-operative bleeding. However, the ischemia/reperfusion injury and long-term recurrence still proposes challenges to Pringle's maneuver. The indications of liver transplantation also expand in recent years, and many centers have used marginal donor liver and living donor liver. Remission of the shortage of donors, local ablation of small HCC, and surgical resection still lack the support of randomized controlled trials. In summary, the surgical treatment of HCC should strictly based on the indications of various therapies, which should be prudently verified by randomized controlled trials.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and has the third highest mortality rate among malignancies in South Korea. Despite the continuing efforts for the early detection of HCC, the mortality rate and prognosis have not been improved yet. Its clinical behavior is quite different from other cancers. High recurrence rate after curative treatment might be the reason for poor prognosis. Several methods including chemoprevention, blocking the development of HCC, have been under investigations. The vaccine for hepatitis, in the form of primary prevention, is considered to be the most effective one inhibiting the development of liver disease. Furthermore, keeping away from hepatotoxic agents is another way for preventing liver cell injuries. Secondary prevention is to stop the developement of HCC in chronic liver diseases. Since the level of DNA in hepatitis B virus (HBV) hepatitis patients is closely related with the development of HCC, it is helpful to lower the DNA level using anti-viral agents. In addition, IFN, one of the anti-viral agents, can inhibit HCV hepatitis from tumorigenesis. Cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors are also alleged to have a function in interrupting the development of HCC. Tertiary prevention means the prevention of recurrence of HCC after successful treatment. Because of high recurrence rate, the prevention of recurrence should be one of the important factors affecting the prognosis of HCC. Up to now, COX inhibitors, retinoic acids, vitamin K2, glycyrrhizin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and ginseng had been reported to be effective for the chemoprevention of HCC. Further studies are required for an advancement in the prevention of HCC.
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*prevention & control ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Humans ; Interferons/therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms/*prevention & control

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; etiology ; pathology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phyllanthus ; Phytotherapy ; Precancerous Conditions ; etiology ; pathology ; prevention & control ; therapy

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; surgery ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Liver Neoplasms ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; diagnosis ; prevention & control ; therapy

Adult ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Survival Analysis