PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of stereoscopic localization of nonpalpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed 60 cases of stereotactic localization performed for lesions whichwere mammographically visible but not palpable. Each case was reviewed for chief complaint, indication oflocalization on a mammograph, location of the lesion, pathological diagnosis, and complications during and afterthe procedure. RESULTS: Most patients(75%) had no specific complaint. Among the 60 cases, microcalcification,mass and combined lesions were found in 34(57%), 12(20%), and 14 cases(23%), respectively. The most commonlocation of the lesion was the upper outer quadrant(29 cases). A histopathologic report was available in 56 of 60cases. Among 43 benign cases(76.8%), fibrocystic disease was most common(38 cases, 67.9%), while among 13malignant cases, ductal carcinoma was most common(9 cases, 16.1%). In four of 56 cases(7.1%), failure to removethe target lesion was identified. Retrospective analysis suggests that movement of the patient during theprocedure is the most likely cause of failure. There were no major complications. CONCLUSION: Stereotacticlocalization is simple and accurate, and compared with the conventional method, requires less experience on thepart of the practitioner. Movement of the patient during the procedure may be the major cause of failure.
Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

As a consequence of the incomplete resolution of embryologic mammary ridges, ectopic breast tissue can be present anywhere along the "milk line", including the axillary region. Aberrant breast tissue can develop with any disease that affects the normal breast, including a breast carcinoma. A carcinoma of aberrant breast tissue is rare, but should still be investigated and treated properly with respect to other breast cancers in the embryonic milk-line. Herein is reported our recent experience of a carcinoma originating from aberrant breast tissue in the right axilla. An abnormal nodule around the periphery of the normal breast should be suspected as a breast carcinoma and differential diagnosis and properly treated.
Axilla ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Diagnosis, Differential

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical usefulness of ultrasonography (US) - guided automated gun biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 30 nonpalpable breast lesions over 0.6cm and detected on US, we performed US-guided biopsy using an 18-gauge automated biopsy gun. Two to four specimens were obtained from each lesion. We analyzed the site, size and depth of the lesions, and the length and histopathologic results of the specimens. In four lesions, surgical biopsy and gun biopsy results were compared. RESULTS: In 29 of 30 lesions (96.7%), specimens were adequate for histopathologic diagnosis, and this was as follows: one case of infiltrating ductal carcinoma, 13 of fibrocystic disease, 10 of fibrocystic disease versus fibroadenoma and one of fibroadenoma. There was also one reactive hyperplasia of LN, and one fatty one and two normal tissues, and inthese four lesions, agreement between gun and surgical biopsy results was 100%. The only complication was minor bleeding, which was controlled by compression. CONCLUSION: US-guided automated gun biopsy is a clinically useful and safe procedure for evaluating nonpalpable breast lesions detected on US.
Biopsy* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Fibroadenoma ; Hemorrhage ; Hyperplasia ; Ultrasonography

Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast is recently described rare variant of invasive ductal carcinoma. This variant has a distinctive histological features and aggressive biological behavior. We reviewed the cytologic features of eight cases of IMPC. The cytologic smears showed moderate to high cellularity and the tumor tissue was composed of atypical, angulated, cohesive clusters of neoplastic cells with a papillary to tubuloalveolar architecture, and a morular growth pattern without fibrovascular cores was seen on the histopathology. IMPC of the breast has distinctive cytologic features and it is important to make an early diagnosis via fine needle aspiration cytology due to this tumor's aggressive behavior.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Early Diagnosis

PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to investigate X-ray mammographic findings which correlated with histopathologic classification of breast carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 114 cases (113 patients) weeviewed X-ray mammographic findings of breast carcinoma and their histopathologic classification, and the findings were analysed to define mass, calcification, and spiculation. RESULTS: According to histopathologic classifications of breast carcinomas, infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most common(78.9%). X-rays mammographyrevealed that irregular mass was found in 43.9% of cases, calcification in 47.4 %, and radiating spiculation in75.4%. Mass with spiculation accounted for 41.2%, and mass with calcification and spiculation for 34.2%. A commonfinding of ductal carcinoma in situ was an ill-defined mass with malignant clustered microcalcification. Infiltrating ductal and infiltrating lobular carcinomas showed irregular masses with spiculation and colloid or medullary carcinomas had well-defined masses. CONCLUSION: Mass with spiculation, and mass with calcification and spiculation were common findings of breast carcinoma. The differences in X-ray mammographic findings among each different histopathologic type of breast carcinoma are helpful for differential diagnosis.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; Classification* ; Colloids ; Diagnosis, Differential

Since Oct. 1, 1983 until April 15, 1986, authors analyzed variable combined imaging diagnosis andhistopathologic correlation for confirmed 100 breast carcinoma among 2773 patients whom authors took care of them.1. Incidence of female breast carcinoma was 3.6% among 2773 patients who visited Yong Dong Severance Hospital, andoverall breast carcinoma occupied 29.7% among 337 confirmed breast diseases. 2. Prevalent cancer age for Koreanwomen breast carcinoma was ages between 40-49 years old(42%) however authors experienced 5% breast carcinoma amongtwentieth, and 22% breast carcioma among thirtieth. 3. Most common histopathologic type for breast carcinoma wasinfiltrating ductal carcinoma, scirrhous type(65). And most common breast parenchymal pattern related to breastcarcinoma was DY pattern(42%) followed by N1 pattern(25%). 4. Common film mammographic findings of breastcarcinoma were: ill defined bordered mass(68.4%), spiculation of mass(82.9%), vessel dilatation (59.8%) and thencalcification (44.4%). 5. Frequently visible ultramammographic findings were; irregular mass contour(79.6%),nonuniform internal echoes(87.0%), and posterior wall shadowing (86.0%). 6. Trials of above combined imagingmodalities for breast carcinoma resulted in his sensitivity of diagnosis(93.3%).
Breast Diseases ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Shadowing (Histology)

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of mammography, Ultrasonography(US) and T-scan in pathologically confirmed breast diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight patients withpathologically confirmed breast diseases who had undergone T-scan and mammography and/or US were retrospectivelyreviewed. Cases were categorized as normal, benign, or malignant, and on the basis of disease entity and masssize, the results were compared with pathologic diagnosis. For the of t scans, the conductance ratio was alsoused. RESULTS: Twenty cases were benign and 18 were malignant. The sensitivity, specificity and positivepredictive value of mammography were 100%, 70%, 74%;respectively. For US, the corresponding figures were 100%,82%, 88%, and for T-scan, 33%, 85%, 67%. Between masses with a diameter of less than 2cm and more than 2cm, thesensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of mammography and US demonstrated no significantdifference, except in some cases ; for T-scan however, the respective results were 10%, 80%, 33% when lesion sizewas less than 2cm, and 56%, 90%, 83% when lesions were larger than 2cm. The diagnostic efficacy of T-scan was thusgreater for larger lesions than for smaller ones. With regard to the conductance ratio of T-scan no pathologicallymalignant lesions showed high suspicion of malignancy but 33% showed moderate suspicion. CONCLUSION: Mammographyand US were useful in diagnosing breast malignancy. T-scan was less efficient for the diagnosis of breastmalignancies smaller than 2cm, and of infiltrating ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ. They may thus beconsidered a complementary to mammography and ultrasound examination.
Breast Diseases ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Mammography* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: The relationship between menopausal status at diagnosis and the prognosis in breast carcinoma remains uncertain. However, it is widely considered that breast cancer in young women is more lethal than in older patients. We therefore attempted to determine whether menopausal status could be a useful prognostic factor for breast cancer. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted of premenopausal women who had undergone a definite operation between Jan. 1997 and Dec. 1998 in the Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center. Clinical features, histopathologic findings, and prognostic factors were evaluated and compared with those for the equivalent surgical group of postmenopausal women. RESULTS: There were 207 cases (86.3%) of infiltrating ductal carcinomas, 10 (4.2%) of infiltrating lobular carcinomas, 6 (2.5%) of ductal carcinomas in situ, and 16 (6.7%) of special type cancers which showed good prognosis. There were some differences in these incidences from those of the postmenopausal women, but they were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Tumor size and lymph nodal status showed no difference between the two groups (P=0.288), nor were there any significant differences in terms of TNM stage, ER/PR status, nuclear or histologic grade (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: There were little differences in pathologic and prognostic factors between premenopausal and postme no-pausal breast cancer patients. Premenopausal status and young age did not have poorer prognostic factors and were predicted to have not worse prognosis.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: We have developed breast tumor image retrieval system using content-based retrieval method. It compares the breast tumor image with Fibrocystic Change images, Ductal Carcinoma in Situ images and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma images and find most similar one. Since the final diagnosis for breast tumor image is done only by pathologist manually, this system can provide the objectivity and the reproducibility for determining and diagnosing the breast tumor. METHODS: The breast tumor image features used in the content-based image retrieval are color feature, texture feature and texture features of wavelet transformed images. And the system can be accessed through the internet. We used Windows 2003 as an operating system, Internet Information Server 6.0 as Web a server and ms-sql server 2000 as a database server. Also we use ActiveX Data Object to connect database easily. RESULT: We evaluated the recall and precision performance of the system according to the combinations of feature types and usage of partial or whole image. Results showed that the use of multiple features and whole image gave consistently higher rates compared to the use of single feature and partial image. CONCLUSION: This retrieval system can help pathologist determine the type of breast tumor more efficiently. Also it is working based on the internet, we can use it for researching and teaching in pathology later.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Diagnosis ; Internet* ; Pathology ; Wavelet Analysis

PURPOSE: We aimed to determine the sensitivity of computer-aided detection (CAD) applied to digital mammography in asymptomatic and symptomatic breast cancer patients. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed digital mammography and CAD images from 210 patients diagnosed with breast cancer. The patients were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups. The sensitivity of CAD in both groups was assessed in relation to breast tissue density, histopathological type of breast cancer, and tumor size. RESULTS: The detection rate of the CAD system was 87.8% in the asymptomatic group. The sensitivity in different tissue densities was 100% in fatty breasts (P1), 88.9% with scattered fibroglandular densities (P2), 94.4% in heterogeneously dense breasts (P3), and 66.7% in extremely dense breasts (P4). The detection rate of the CAD system in the symptomatic group was 87.2%, and the sensitivity was 90.5%, 90%, 86.6%, and 75% in P1-P4 breasts, respectively. In the asymptomatic group, the CAD system detected 90.3% of invasive ductal carcinomas, not otherwise specified (IDC-NOS) and 88.9% of ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS), but did not detect other types of malignancy. In the symptomatic group, the CAD system detected 88.2% of IDC-NOS, 88.9% of DCIS and 75% of other types of malignancy. When analyzed according to tumor size, the sensitivity of CAD in the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups was 82.6% and 83.3% for tumors <1 cm, 76.5% and 82.4% for tumors between 1 and 2 cm, and 91.7% and 89% in tumors >2 cm. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity of CAD was low in P4 breasts and high for tumors larger than 2 cm, with no statistically significant differences between the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups for IDC-NOS and DCIS. CAD showed greater sensitivity for other neoplasms in symptomatic patients.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Humans ; Mammography ; Retrospective Studies