An unusual adenosquamous carcinoma originating in the prostate of a 73-year-old man is described. The histological finding showed a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma admixed in an adenocarcinomatous area. A transitional area of 2 carcinomatous elements was also noted. Seven months prior to the development of this lesion, a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma had been established by transurethral resection of the prostate and the patient had been treated with bilateral orchiectomy. This is the first case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the prostate reported in Korea. The pathogenesis and previous reports of this lesion will be discussed.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/surgery ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/metabolism ; Case Report ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin/metabolism ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism

Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Jejunal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Jejunum ; surgery ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of nipple adenoma of the breast.

METHODSMorphological observation and immunohistochemistry were applied to 18 cases of nipple adenoma with a review of the related literatures.

RESULTSThe neoplasms were localized at nipples or under the areola of breast, adherent to the epidermis, mainly composed of dilated ducts in a tubular appearance associated with fibrotic matrix. The glandular epithelium showed various type of proliferation, forming thick layers or complex structures such as papillae, micropapillae, tufts, fronds, arcades or bridges accompanying with solid or cribriform cell nests. The tumor cells were crowding, lack of an uniform morphology and polarity with intact myoepithelial cells around the ducts. By immunostaining, the glandular epithelium was diffusely positive for 34betaE12, patchily positive for CK5/6, and negative for p53 and c-erbB-2. The myoepithelium, positive for p63, smooth muscle actin and Calponin, was well preserved and outlining the ducts.

CONCLUSIONSNipple adenoma is an infrequent type of benign breast neoplasm, presenting as sclerosing papilloma, papillomatosis or florid sclerosing adenosis. It is easily confused with atypical ductal hyperplasia/low grade ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma or low grade adenosquamous carcinoma. A correct diagnosis is based on the peculiar location and morphology of the tumor, and immunohistochemistry is helpful in some cases.

Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma in Situ ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-5 ; metabolism ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Nipples ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Aged ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cecal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cecum ; chemistry ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism

No abstract available.
Aged ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/*pathology/surgery ; Humans ; Keratin-7/metabolism ; Liver Function Tests ; Liver Neoplasms/*pathology/surgery ; Lymph Nodes/pathology/surgery ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathologic and immunohistochemical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast and syringomatous adenoma of the nipple.

METHODSSix cases of low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast and four cases of syringomatous adenoma of the nipple were examined histologically and immunohistochemically (MaxVision method), and the literature was reviewed.

RESULTSThe two types of tumors were similar in morphology, but located in different regions with low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma being present in the deep parenchyma and syringomatous adenoma in nipple. Both types of tumors were composed mainly of well-differentiated glands with angulated, comma shaped or polliwog appearance in a disordered infiltrative pattern. The tumor cells also formed solid tubules, strips or nests, with frequent areas of squamoid differentiation. Mitosis was rare. The interstitial tissue showed abundant spindle cells or sclerotic fibrosis with mixed inflammatory cells infiltration. One case of low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma showed a concomitant malignant adenomyoepithelioma, and another case showed concomitant spindle cell metaplastic carcinoma. One case of syringomatous adenoma involved the deep parenchyma. Immunohistochemistry of low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma showed that CK5/6 and p63 were positive in the outer layer of the glands and the squamoid epithelium, and CD10 was also positive in the outer layer of the glands. ER and HER2 were negative, and PR was also negative except for one case in which the spindle cells were positive for CK5/6, AE1/AE3 and PR focally. Immunostaining of syringomatous adenoma demonstrated that p63 and CK5/6 were positive in the outer layer of the glands and the squamoid epithelium. Calponin, SMA, ER, PR and HER2 were all negative.

CONCLUSIONSLow-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast and syringomatous adenoma of the nipple are similar in morphology and immunohistochemical phenotype, while the biological features are opposite due to different locations. The differential diagnoses include tubular carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, radial sclerosing lesions and others.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-5 ; metabolism ; Keratin-6 ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Neprilysin ; metabolism ; Nipples ; pathology ; Sclerosis ; Sweat Gland Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Syringoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been reported to be effective in the treatment of esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers. The aim of this study was to detect the frequency of EGFR mutation and expression in Chinese patients with esophageal, esophagogastric junction and gastric cancers, and to clarify the value of EGFR mutation and expression in predicting the efficacy of TKI in the treatment of these tumors.

METHODSIn this study, 180 tumor samples with histologically confirmed esophageal cancer (39 cases), cancer of the esophagogastric junction (92 cases) and gastric cancer (49 cases) were collected. Twenty-nine different EGFR mutations in exons 18-21 were assessed by real-time PCR-optimized oligonucleotide probe method. EGFR protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 89 tumor samples.

RESULTSThe mutation analysis for EGFR (exons 18-21) showed no mutations in any of the hotspots of the gene in the 180 tumor samples analyzed. EGFR expression was negative in 12 tumor samples, 1+ in 31 tumor samples, 2+ in 24 tumor samples, and 3+ in 22 tumor samples. EGFR expression was 2+ or 3+ in 12 (92.3%) of the 13 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas, 29 (47.5%) of the 61 esophagogastric junction cancers, and 5 (33.3%) of the 15 gastric adenocarcinomas.

CONCLUSIONSOur results indicate that EGFR mutation in exons 18-21 is absent in the examined samples of esophageal, esophagogastric junction and gastric cancers. More studies are warranted to explore the predictive biological markers for the therapeutic response to EGFR TKI.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Esophagogastric Junction ; metabolism ; pathology ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of Ep-CAM and cyclin D1 and their correlation with the clinicopathological factors and prognosis in gallbladder carcinoma.

METHODSEp-CAM and cyclin D1 expressions were detected by PV6000 immunohistochemical staining in 60 gallbladder carcinoma and 15 para-cancerous mucosa specimens.

RESULTSEp-CAM and cyclin D1 expressions were detected in 56.7% and 48.3% of the cancer tissues, respectively, significantly higher than those in the normal mucosa (P < 0.05). Ep-CAM expression was not correlated with clinicopathological data, however cyclin D1 expression was correlated with pathological differentiation and necrosis (P < 0.05). Survival analysis showed that patients with positive Ep-CAM or cyclin D1 expression had a shorter survival time than that in the patients without (P < 0.05). Moreover, Ep-CAM and cyclin D1 expressions were positively correlated with each other (r = 0.307, P = 0.017).

CONCLUSIONEp-CAM or cyclin D1 expression is a unfavorable prognostic factor in gallbladder carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Aged ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ; Female ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo explore the potential molecular targets for diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder cancer by analyzing and comparing the proteomes expressed in human gallbladder cancer and benign gallbladder tissues.

METHODSThe proteins expressed were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The differentially expressed proteins in tumors were also analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). AnnexinA3 expression was examined by streptavidin peroxidase immunohistochemical technique on paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 50 patients of gallbladder cancer and 38 cases of chronic eholecystitis.

RESULTSProtein extracts of individual sample in each type of tissues were separated on two-dimensional gels. There were forty six differentially expressed proteins in the tissue samples of gallbladder cancer. Seventeen proteins were successfully identified by MS, in which nine proteins were overexpressed in tumors and the other eight proteins were underexpressed. The positive expression rates of annexinA3 in gallbladder cancer was significantly higher than that in chronic cholecystitis, and the difference was statistically significant (74.0% vs 21.1%, P < 0.01). In the gallbladder cancer, no correlation was obtained between annexinA3 and age, gender or histologicl type (P > 0.05), but overexpression of annexinA3 correlated significantly with those cases with a lower histological grading (40.0% vs 82.5%, P < 0.05); lymph node or distant metastasis (40.9% vs 100%, P < 0.05); or a shorter survival time after operation (50.0% vs 93.8%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSignificant discrepancies in protein expression exist among gallbladder cancer and benign gallbladder tissues. AnnexinA3 plays an important role in the initiation and progression of human gallbladder cancer.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Annexin A3 ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cholecystitis ; metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Female ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Proteome ; metabolism ; Proteomics ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, histological diagnosis, immunohistochemistry and prognosis of cervical glassy cell carcinoma (GCC).

METHODSThe clinical characteristics, cytology, histology and immunohistochemistry were analyzed in 5 cases of GCC.

RESULTSThe average age of the five patients was 34.4 years (31 - 41 years). Abnormal vaginal bleeding and/or watery discharge were clinical presentations. One case was complicated with pregnancy and another one had a seven-year history of using contraceptives. All patients had an obvious mass in the cervix. Characteristic morphological features of GCC were present in 2 cases. Morphologically, the tumors consisted of clusters of tumor cells with distinct cell bounders, a large amount of eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm imparting ground glass appearance, and thin nuclear membrane and prominent nucleoli. Nuclear enlargement and multinucleation were frequently noted. Mitosis and apoptosis were common. Numerous eosinophils and plasma cells were present in the stroma. Immunohistochemically, GCC expressed markers for both squamous cell carcinoma (p63 and CK34βE12) and adenocarcinoma (CAM5.2, MUC1, MUC2 and CEA). Ki-67 proliferation index was high (≥ 70%). All the five patients were treated with radical hysterectomy, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. The tumor-free survival time ranged from 25 days to 33 months.

CONCLUSIONSGCC is a distinct variant of adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix with high proliferation index and expression of markers of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. The tumor has characteristic cytological and histological features.

Adult ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; methods ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy