We evaluated CT findings of bronchial carcinoid and accuracy of preoperative pathological diagnosis according to two subtypes. The subjects were 10 cases (typical;5, atypical;5), confirmed by surgery and tissue pathology. Sputum cytology (n=10), percutaneous aspiration (n=1) and bronchoscopic biopsy (n=8) were performed, preoperatively. The CT findings were analysed according to two subtypes. Typical carcinoid shows central location in all, and bronchial lumens just proximal to tumor were widened in two, whereas atypical carcinoid presented as peripheral leison in two. Among central atypical carcinoid, two cases showed flat meniscus appearance of lumen. Remaining one showed diffuse wall thickening. Intratumoral low density by necrosis was noted in one. Both subtypes show contrast enhancement. For preoperative diagnosis, sputum cytology & percutaneous aspiration were not conclusive at all. As for bronchoscopic biopsy, only 3 cases were accurately diagnosed as typical carcinoid. Typical carcinoid presented as endobronchial mass in all, whereas atypical carcinoid presented in various appearance. In all atypical & some typical carcinoid were misdiagnosed as primary lung cancer, preoperatively. However, in typical carcinoid, conservative surgery was possible. In conclusion, if there is discrepancy between CT findings & preoperative pathological diagnosis, full understanding of CT findings of bronchial carcinoid is imperative to choose appropriate surgical modality.
Biopsy ; Carcinoid Tumor* ; Diagnosis* ; Lung Neoplasms ; Necrosis ; Pathology ; Sputum

Carcinoid Tumor ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Ear, Middle ; Humans ; Pharynx

No abstract available.
Adult ; Carcinoid Tumor/*diagnosis/pathology ; Chromogranins/metabolism ; Duodenal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology ; Duodenoscopy ; Humans ; Male

A case of laryngeal carcinoid in a 54-year-old Korean female is reported and discussed. This tumor is extremely rare in the larynx and there have been just over twenty cases reported in the literature to date. The case showed an initial histologic finding of epithelial dysplasia and was finally confirmed to be a carcinoid tumor. Laryngeal carcinoids are often atypical histologically and may be misdiagnosed as undifferentiated carcinoma. An electron microscopic study revealed neurosecretory-type granules. Although the patient underwent a total laryngectomy and radical neck dissection, multiple hepatic metastasis was noted postoperatively.
Carcinoid Tumor/diagnosis/*pathology ; Case Report ; Female ; Human ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis/*pathology ; Middle Age

Pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are common in pathological practice and its pathological classification and histological grading are not exactly the same as that of those in the digestive tract and pancreas. In 2015 edition of World Health Organization classification, pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors are classified as carcinoid tumors (including typical carcinoid and atypical carcinoid), small cell lung carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and precursor lesion diffuse idiopathic neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia; each category has distinctive morphological and immunohistochemical features. The morphologic features including growth patterns and cytological appearances are keys for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor, and immunohistochemical findings are also critical for its diagnosis. Furthermore, the diagnostic criteria vary for different types of specimen. In this article, we present a concise review and summary of the update of clinicopathological characterizations of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor, with an emphasis on its diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis.
Carcinoid Tumor ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; classification ; diagnosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of primary neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the testis.

METHODSUsing light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, we studied 7 cases of primary NET of the testis, reviewed relevant literature, and analyzed the clinical manifestations, histomorphologic and immunohistochemical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of the tumor.

RESULTSThe 7 male patients, at the mean age of 40.6 years, all presented with testicular painless masses, none accompanied with carcinoid syndrome. Histologically, the uniform tumor cells were arranged in trabecular, island, solid and/or flake structures and locally in a tubulo glandular pattern, round and polygonal in shape, with a small amount of lipid vacuoles in the eosinophilic cytoplasm. The cells had round nuclei with fine chromatin and rarely identified mitosis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cells were positive for Syn, CgA, NSE and CK, with a Ki-67 positive rate of < 2%.

CONCLUSIONPrimary NET of the testis is a rare and low-grade malignancy. Early diagnosis and surgical resection are essential for good prognosis. Immunohistochemistry helps its diagnosis and differential diagnosis from other metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma, teratomas with carcinoid, seminoma, and Sertoli cell tumor.

Adult ; Carcinoid Tumor ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Testicular Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical features and histogenesis of primary testicular carcinoid tumor and its differential diagnosis.

METHODSLight microscopy and immunohistochemical stains were performed in 4 cases of primary testicular carcinoid tumor.

RESULTSThe patients sought care for scrotum mass presented from 2 to 36 years, 2 cases accompanied with tender swelling of the testis. The tumors were described as nodular, yellowish-gray in color, 3.0-4.0 cm in the greatest dimensions, and well circumscribed, focal necrosis seen in 1 case. Histologically, they showed insular and trabecular patterns separated by fine fibrous bands. The tumor cells were round or polygonal with regular monomorphic nuclei, stippling chromatin and eosinophilic granular cytoplasm. There were rosette-like and tubuloglandular patterns with eosinophilic secretion in the cavity. Immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, NSE and cytokeratin showed diffusely positive expression in the tumor cells.

CONCLUSIONPrimary testicular carcinoid tumor is extremely rare with good prognosis and its histogenesis remains controversial. Diagnostically it has to be differentiated from seminoma, metastatic carcinoid tumor, Sertoli cell tumor and granulosa cell tumor.

Adult ; Carcinoid Tumor ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Granulosa Cell Tumor ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Seminoma ; pathology ; Sertoli Cell Tumor ; pathology ; Testicular Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The incidence of duodenal tumors has increased by health surveillance. However, preoperative diagnosis of subepithelial duodenal tumors remains difficult because of the wide variety of pathologies and the location of the tumors. We analyzed endoscopic, radiological, and pathological features of subepithelial benign duodenal tumors (BDTs), which were treated by surgical resection. METHODS: Five patients with subepithelial BDTs treated by surgical resection were analyzed retrospectively. We compared the preoperative and postoperative diagnosis and evaluated the clinical presentations, endoscopic and radiological findings, surgical treatments, pathological results, and outcomes of these patients. RESULTS: All the patients underwent successful surgical resection. There were two cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) treated with segmental duodenectomy, one case of carcinoid tumor treated with antrectomy, one case of gangliocytic paraganglioma treated with ampullectomy, and a lipoma removed by mass excision. The two GISTs were in the duodenal third and fourth segment close to the pancreas, and it was difficult to exclude pancreatic tumors by imaging studies. All the patients remained healthy for more than three years. CONCLUSIONS: Subepithelial BDTs are rare and difficult to diagnosis. Awareness and preoperative diagnosis of subepithelial BDTs can lead to minimally invasive treatment, including endoscopic or local surgical resection.
Carcinoid Tumor ; Diagnosis ; Duodenum ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lipoma ; Pancreas ; Paraganglioma ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies

Adult ; Appendectomy ; Carcinoid Tumor ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

The Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is typically recognized as a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with a small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), whereas LEMS with other neuroendocrine lung tumors, including carcinoids or large cell lung carcinoma, are highly unusual. Here, we report a rare case of LEMS with atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumor: A 65-yr-old man presented with progressive leg weakness and a diagnosis of LEMS was made by serial repetitive nerve stimulation test. Chest CT revealed a lung nodule with enlargement of paratracheal lymph nodes, and surgically resected lesion showed pathological features of atypical carcinoid tumor. We concluded that LEMS could be associated with rare pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor other than SCLC, which necessitates pathologic confirmation followed by aggressive treatment for optimal management in these rare cases.
Aged ; Carcinoid Tumor/*complications/pathology/surgery ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome/*complications/diagnosis ; Lung Neoplasms/*complications/pathology/surgery ; Male