In 2020, the mass concentration of PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang urban area was(80.30±71.43)μg/m³. The Spearman correlation analysis between metals and metalloids showed that Sb with Cd, Pb, Ni, Se, Cd with Pb, Ni, Se, Pb with Ni, Se, Ni with Se, and Se with Tl were positively correlated, with a coefficient greater than 0.5. The main sources of metals and metalloids of PM_2.5 were traffic emissions, fuel combustion, metal smelting and dust. The HQ values of Pb, Hg and Mn for each population were less than 1, with lower non-carcinogenic risk. The R values of carcinogenic risk of Ni and Cd in each population were less than 1×10^-6, which could be acceptable risk level for the population. The R values of carcinogenic risk of As and Cr in different populations were between 1×10^-6 and 1×10^-4, with potential carcinogenic risk, particularly higher in adult males.
Adult ; Cadmium ; Carcinogens/analysis* ; Dust/analysis* ; Environmental Monitoring ; Humans ; Lead ; Male ; Metalloids/analysis* ; Risk Assessment

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Carcinogens, Environmental ; analysis ; Chromium ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Workplace

OBJECTIVETo study the characteristics of occupational exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coke oven workers.

METHODSSamples were collected individually and PAHs concentration in the ambient air were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) were introduced to assess the carcinogenic potency.

RESULTSThe levels of PAHs occupational exposure in oven workers at topside was higher than at side oven and bottom oven (P < 0.05). Non-carcinogenic PAHs were more than 70% of total PAHs and benzo[a]pyrene accounted for 65.5% approximately 72.4% of total benzo[a]pyrene equivalents. Total occupational exposure level of PAHs in coke oven workers was positively related to the content of benzo[a]pyrene and pyrene, respectively (r(2) = 0.84, r(2) = 0.94, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCoke oven workers were exposed to a high level of PAHs which possessed some extent of carcinogenic potency, and benzo[a]pyrene is the chief carcinogenic substance.

Benzo(a)pyrene ; analysis ; toxicity ; Carcinogens ; analysis ; toxicity ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coke ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Polycyclic Compounds ; analysis ; toxicity

Carcinogens ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Chromium ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Chromium Compounds ; chemistry ; toxicity ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis

Objective: To analyze the level of PCDD/Fs exposure of occupational workers in the waste incineration industry and explore the risk of occupational exposure. Methods: In September 2021, literature on environmental PCDD/Fs exposure in waste incineration plants published from the establishment of the database to February 10, 2021 was retrieved from CNKI database. A total of 1365 literatures were retrieved, and 7 met the criteria for inclusion. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inhalation risk model was used to assess and analyze carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of PCDD/Fs exposure among occupational workers in the waste incineration industry. Results: A total of 86 sampling sites were included in incineration plants in 7 regions. The study of Wuhan area showed that the concentration of working environment near the waste incinerator in the same factory was the highest, followed by the rest and office area in the factory. The concentration of PCDD/Fs in waste incinerators was the highest in Southwest China (4880.00-24880.00 pg TEQ/m(3)), and the lowest in Shenzhen (0.02-0.44 pg TEQ/m(3)). According to the cancer risk assessment, with the increase of exposure years, the risk of cancer increased. The highest risk of cancer was found in the waste incineration plants in Southwest China. When the exposure period was 1 year, the risk was moderate (22.40×10(-6)-114.20×10(-6)). When the exposure time was more than 5 years, the risk of cancer was high. In Jinan, workers working near the incinerator had a moderate risk of cancer after five years of exposure. In Zhejiang, workers were at medium risk of cancer after exposure for more than 20 years. Workers in Wuhan, Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, Shenzhen and the Pearl River Delta were still at low risk of cancer after 40 years of occupational exposure. HQ>1 of workers working near the waste incinerators in Jinan, Zhejiang Province and Southwest China, and the qualitative evaluation results showed that the non-carcinogenic risk was unacceptable. Conclusion: There are great differences in PCDD/Fs of occupational exposure in waste incineration industry, and the occupational exposure exceeding the occupational exposure limit has higher carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks.
Humans ; Dibenzofurans ; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/analysis* ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Incineration ; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated/analysis* ; China/epidemiology* ; Benzofurans ; Occupational Exposure/analysis* ; Carcinogens ; Risk Assessment ; Neoplasms ; Environmental Monitoring/methods*

OBJECTIVES: Determining the work-relatedness of lung cancer developed through occupational exposures is very difficult. Aims of the present study are to develop a decision tree of occupational lung cancer. METHODS: 153 cases of lung cancer surveyed by the Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute (OSHRI) from 1992-2007 were included. The target variable was whether the case was approved as work-related lung cancer, and independent variables were age, sex, pack-years of smoking, histological type, type of industry, latency, working period and exposure material in the workplace. The Classification and Regression Test (CART) model was used in searching for predictors of occupational lung cancer. RESULTS: In the CART model, the best predictor was exposure to known lung carcinogens. The second best predictor was 8.6 years or higher latency and the third best predictor was smoking history of less than 11.25 pack-years. The CART model must be used sparingly in deciding the work-relatedness of lung cancer because it is not absolute. CONCLUSION: We found that exposure to lung carcinogens, latency and smoking history were predictive factors of approval for occupational lung cancer. Further studies for work-relatedness of occupational disease are needed.
Academies and Institutes ; Carcinogens ; Decision Trees ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Exposure ; Occupational Health ; Regression Analysis* ; Smoke ; Smoking

Adult ; Carcinogens ; Epoxy Compounds ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Mutation ; drug effects ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Regression Analysis ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo establish a high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of kirenol in Herba Siegesbeckiae Praeparata.

METHODThe analysis was carried out on a Boston Crest ODS column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with gradient elution using acetonitrile-water as mobile phases. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was at 215 nm.

RESULTThe calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.0202-20.02 microg for kirenol. The correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.99975. The average recovery was 99.62% with relative standard derivation (RSD) of 2.0%.

CONCLUSIONThe results showed that the method is simple, accurate and repeatable and it is suitable for the determination of kirenol in Herba Siegesbeckiae Praeparata.

Acetonitriles ; chemistry ; Adenosine ; analysis ; Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Carcinogens ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Sweetening Agents ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo explore potential epigenetic biomarkers for toxic effects, tumor-related chemical prevention and biological monitor by a genome-wide screening for differential DNA methylation during human cell malignant transformation in vitro.

METHODSThe two in vitro cell transformation models included B(a)P-induced human bronchial epithelial cell introduced by H-Ras (HBER) cell transformation and simian vacuolating virus 40 small T antigen induced (SV40 ST-induced) HBER cell transformation. Methylated genes were collected by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and whole genome amplification (MeDIP-WGA) at three time points during cell transformation which represented different transformation stage. Then, CpG island microarray was used to screen differentially methylated genes. The mRNA levels of hypermethylated genes were also observed by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe CpG island microarray showed that the number of hypermethylated genes in HBER, HBERNT, HBERT cells were 733, 661 and 738 respectively.83 genes were hypermethylated in pre-transformed cell and transformed cell. Moreover, 25 of 83 genes were also hypermethylated in SV40 ST-transformed cell (HBERST). We further confirmed that the mRNA expression of six of these 25 genes, namely family with sequence similarity 178, member A (FAM178A), retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) (RARRES1), ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28), Scm-like with four mbt domains 2 (SFMBT2), family with sequence similarity 59, member A (FAM59A) and nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 3 (NR4A3) were suppressed during B(a)P-induced transformation.

CONCLUSIONThe abnormal hypermethylation of specific genes was a common event in the two kinds of human cell transformation models, which shed light on the study for chemical exposure monitor and tumor-related epigenetic biomarkers.

Biomarkers ; analysis ; Carcinogens, Environmental ; analysis ; Cell Line ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; genetics ; CpG Islands ; DNA Methylation ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genome ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo clone differentially expressed cDNA sequences involved in malignant transformation induced by benzo(a)pyrene metabolite dihydroxyepoxy benzo pyrene (BPDE).

METHODThe malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE induced by BPDE in vitro was used as a model for comparing gene expression between the transformed cells and controls. cDNA representational difference analysis (cDNA-RDA) was performed to isolate differentially expressed cDNA fragment in transformed cells. The cDNA fragments were ligated to pGEM-T vector and transformed into JM109 bacteria. The plasmid DNA were sequenced and compared with data in GenBank by BLASTN.

RESULTSFive cDNA sequences were found to be novel ones and were registered in dbest database, which assigned accession numbers in GenBank are BG354691, BG354692, BG354693, BG354694 and BG354695, respectively. Eight of the remaining cDNA sequences showed sequence homology to those previously reported such as ribosomal protein S23, MLN137, ACTN4, transforming growth factor and G protein gene.

CONCLUSIONSThese 13 genes may be involved in BPDE-induced malignant transformation, but their biological characteristics and functions are left to further studies.

Benzopyrenes ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Carcinogens ; pharmacology ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; chemically induced ; genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; analysis ; drug effects ; DNA, Neoplasm ; analysis ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans