One hundred and thirty-two cases(132 eyes) of corneal ulcer were analysed on the clinical and etiologic basis. The history of evident ocular trauma was found in 28.8% of the cases and ocular disease was found in 7.6% of the cases. Positive results were 16/55 in smear and 33/61 in culture, and the most common isolate was coagulase negative staphylococcus in bacteriologic studies. In fungal studies, positive results were 1/42 in smear and 5/42 in culture, and Aspergillus was the most common isolate. Cephalexin was the most sensitive antibiotics for Gram positive organism and carbenicillin and gentamicin were the most sensitive antibiotics for Gram negative orgamsm. These results indicate that gentamicin and cephalexin in combination would be recommended as the initial treatment of wide-spectrum antibiotics coverage for bacterial corneal ulcer until the final culture results and senitivity are available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aspergillus ; Carbenicillin ; Cephalexin ; Coagulase ; Corneal Ulcer* ; Gentamicins ; Staphylococcus

During The last 11 years from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1990, 72 cases of salmonellosis has been admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of National Medical Center and evaluated clinical difference between typhoid fever and salmonella gastroenteritis. The results were as follows: 1) The annual incidence of salmonella gastroenteritis insalmonellosis was increased in the latter half of the eighties. 2) Both salmonellosis had its peak incidence in the summer. 3) Salmonella gastroenteritis was highest in the age of less than 5 year in contrast with the age of 6~9 year in typhoid fever. 4) The specimens isolated salmonellae were blood and stool in most cases, especially blood in typhoid fever and stool in gastroenteritis. 5) S.typhi was 16 cases, salmonella group A was 3 cases, group B was 16 cases and Group D and E were a case in each in isolated salmonellae. 6) On the antibiotic sensitivity test, S.typhi was sensitive to the most antibiotics. but the salmonella group B was relatively resisitant to Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carbenicillin ; Chloramphenicol ; Gastroenteritis ; Incidence ; Pediatrics ; Salmonella ; Salmonella Infections* ; Tetracycline ; Typhoid Fever

In clinical practice, we have occasionally experienced the difficulty to identify the pathologic changes of the non or faint-visualized kidney induced by ureteral stone on I.V.P. and especially to decide whether upper urinary tract infection of ipsilateral side was in accordance with lower urinary tract infection or not. We have checked routinely the bacteriological study of the urine collected from the ureterolithotomized site on operation during last two years. Following results were obtained: 1) Among the cultured urine of 42 patients, organism detected in 20 patients and no growth in remainder. Colifrom bacilli 11(26.2%) Staphylococci 5(11.9%) Streptococci 1(2.4%) Pseudomonas 1(2.4%) TB bacilli 2(4.7%) 2) Sensitive drug pattern of 18 patients, Coliform bacilli (11): Kanamycin, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol Staphylococcus (5): Penicillin, Kanamycin Streptococcus (1): Penicillin Pseudomonas (1): Geopen From above results, some advantages has been provided in the post-operative management of upper urinary tract infection after removal of the ureteral stone.
Carbenicillin ; Chloramphenicol ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Humans ; Kanamycin ; Kidney ; Penicillins ; Pseudomonas ; Staphylococcus ; Streptococcus ; Streptomycin ; Ureter* ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Vibrio alginolyticus is a microorganism of marine environment that occasionally occurs as a human pathogen. We isolated V. alginolyticus from a patient with otitis media. A 37-year-old man had been exposed to seawater one month before admission. The isolate showed typical biochemical and characteristics of this organism such as positive Voges-Proskauer reaction, fermentation of sucrose, growth on 10% sodium chloride media. In vitro susceptibility test shows the isolate was resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin, but was susceptible to other antimicrobial agents. The patient improved with ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin therapy.
Adult ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Carbenicillin ; Ciprofloxacin ; Fermentation ; Humans ; Ofloxacin ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Seawater ; Sodium Chloride ; Sucrose ; Vibrio alginolyticus* ; Vibrio*

In spite of many available antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, genitourinary tract infection still remains as troublesome subject for urologist. Since we always interested in the effects and side effects of the new antibacterial agent in urinary infection, we administered indanyl carbenicillin 3-4 gm for 2-20 days to 58 cases of various urinary infections, patients for the preparation of surgical and endoscopic operation and for the prevention of septicemia after endoscopy. The results were obtained as follower 1) Among 3 cases of gonorrheal urethritis, 2 cease were cured rapidly and one case was improved. 2) Among 34 cases of chronic non-gonorrheal urethritis, 19 cases were cured and 9 cases were improved. 3) Among 4 cases of chronic prostatitis, one case was improved. 4) Among 5 cases of pyelonephritis. 4 cases were cured and one case was improved. 5) Among 12 patients who underwent soundation, endoscopy and T.U.R., postoperative infections were not found in 11 cases. 6) In 10 out of 34 cases of chronic non-gonorrheal urethritis, daily doses of 4 gm of indanyl carbenicillin were given orally for 12 days, and observation was done on the changes of clinical symptoms, urinalysis, hematology, blood urea nitrogen and liver function test before, during and after treatment. Excellent results were obtained in all 10 cases with only slight side effects such as indigestion, gastric soreness, nausea and abdominal distension.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Carbenicillin* ; Dyspepsia ; Endoscopy ; Hematology ; Humans ; Liver Function Tests ; Nausea ; Prostatitis ; Pyelonephritis ; Sepsis ; Urethritis ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

In 57 hospitalized patients with temporary closed sterile urinary-catheter drainage, incidence of acquired bacteriuria was evaluated by culture, colony count, drug sensitivity and the following results were obtained. 1. Incidence of infection was 0% within 3 days, 18.2%o within 5 days, 41.7% within 7 days, 60.9%0 after 7 days. 2. Of 117 bacterial strains isolated by culture of urine 82.1%o was gram negative bacteria and 17.1%o was gram positive. The frequency of isolated organisms were as followings: Escherichia coli ............. 44.4%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ............. 19.7%, Staphylococci ............. 14.5%, Caliform bacilli ............. 9.5%, Proteus ............. 6.8%, Streptococci ............. 4.2%, Yeast ............. 0.9%. 3. Most organisms were highly resistant to any of antibiotics which were Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Cephoran, Geopen, Amiktam. 4. Closed sterile drainage system was much effective in delaying bacteriuria than open drainage system in comparison with 70.8% of bacteriuria within the first 3 days of open catheter drainage demonstrated in previous report.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteriuria ; Carbenicillin ; Catheters ; Drainage* ; Escherichia coli ; Gentamicins ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kanamycin ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Streptomycin ; Tetracycline ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Yeasts

In a world, ocular infection of Pseudomonas has been found in premature infants. This is so serious that corneal perforation and panophthalmitis are developed. And septicemia is developed. In these days, hospital infection due to pseudomonas tends to increasese. We experienced one case of pseudomonas dacryocystitis in a normal full term infant. At first, we diagnosed it as a blenorrhea neonatorum due to pseudomonas infection. And the smear of vagina of his mother was examined by Gram stain and culture. But, pseudomonas was not found. So, we considered that it was because of hospital infection. The patient was treated with carbenicillin 400 mg/day intramuscularly and 0.5% chloramphenicol solution everyone hour topically for 2 weeks. During this time there wa.s no improvement. After then we found obstruction of nasolacrimal ducts and performed probing once. After that this case was cured.
Carbenicillin ; Chloramphenicol ; Corneal Perforation ; Cross Infection ; Dacryocystitis* ; Eye Infections ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Mothers ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Panophthalmitis ; Pseudomonas Infections ; Pseudomonas* ; Sepsis ; Vagina

Morganella morganii, a gram, negative rod is often regarded as an opportunistic, secondary invader rather than a primary pathogen on the skin. It has been isolated from blood, sputa, and pus from patients with respiratory tract and wound infections or with bacteremia. A 2-year-old boy presented with erythematous ulcerative lesions on the cheeks and left knee which had a tendency to superficial scarring. The organism isolated from the ulcer displayed a biochemical char acteristics typical of Morganella morganii. The lesions responded well to systemic antibiotic therapy with amikacin and carbenicillin, which were recognized as effective drugs in in vitro sensitivity testing.
Amikacin ; Bacteremia ; Carbenicillin ; Cheek ; Child, Preschool ; Cicatrix ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Morganella morganii* ; Morganella* ; Respiratory System ; Skin Ulcer* ; Skin* ; Suppuration ; Trout ; Ulcer ; Wound Infection

One hundred and twenty-two strains of E. coli isolated from urinary tract infection were examined for antibiogram, transferability of trimethoprim (Tp) resistance, incompatibility with F group plasmid and southem hybridization with DHFR I, II, and III probe of Tp-resistant R plasmids. 1. Among 172 Gram negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infection, 122 (70.9%) were E. coli and 75 strains of them were resistant to trimethoprim (Tp). Most of Tp-resistant isolates were also resistant to penicillins (ampicillin, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin), aminoglycosides (kanamycin and gentamicin), and sulfisoxazole but almost all strains were susceptible to cephalosporins. 2. Most of Tp-resistant strains and E. coli transconjugant derived from them showed multiple drug resistance and various antimicrobial resistance patterns. 3. Thirty-three Tp-resistant strains (45.2%) transferred 35 Tp-resistant plasmids to E. coli recipients but among them 6 transconjugants did not show retransfer of resistance and plasmid DNA were not detected in 2 transconjugants after resistance transfer. 4. Tp-resistant R plasmids ranged from 157 to 67 kb and 8 R plasmids were classified to incompatibilty group IncFI or IncFII ranging from 120 to 83 kb. Three and two R plasmids belonged to IncFII showed similar molecular weight, resistance pattern, and reaction site by southern hybridization with DHFR I probe. Twenty-five plasmids specifically responded on various EcoRI endonuclease fragments to DHFR I probe but not to DHFR II or DHFR III probe. These findings suggest that most of Tp- resistant R plasmids from urine isolates of E. coli were derived from various sources but some plasmids including IncFII R plasmids were probably originated from same or similar sources.
Aminoglycosides ; Carbenicillin ; Cephalosporins ; Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI ; DNA ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Molecular Weight ; Penicillins ; Plasmids ; R Factors ; Sulfisoxazole ; Trimethoprim Resistance* ; Trimethoprim* ; Urinary Tract Infections

We have treated 4-year-old with amikacin and rifampin, who suffered from bacterial meningitis due to gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was no complication during treatment. Even though we didint check audiometry and BUN and/or creatinine, urinalysis was normal and physical examination revealed no abnormalities. He had been treated fora about 3 months with various antibiotics including gentamicin, intravascular and intrathecal, and carbenicillin. Fever, headache and meningeal irritation signs recurred intermittently in spite of continuous treatment. The culture of the CSF showed P. aeruginosa, which initially was sensitive to gentamicin but became resistant to it. The computed tomography of the brain showed diffuse ventricular dilatation with no abnormal shadow in the cerebral hemisphere and posterior fossa. So we decided to administer rifampin 300mg P.O. daily and amikacin 120mg I.M. daily. Faver became normalized after 14 days of treatment. Neurologic examination was normal. The culture of CSF at that time revealed no growth of P. areugicnosa. He was discharged after 40 days of treatment. As mentioned above, no problem due to amilacin alone or amikacin with refampin. Until now, relationship between amikacin and refampin was not clear. Amikacin alone may be efficient to gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa infection. But because amikacin was given through intramuscular route in stead of intrathecal route and daily dosage of amikacin was 8mg/kg in stead of 15mg/kg, which was permissible dosage, the role of rifampin might not be neglected as trivial, even though there was no proof that rifampin was effective against Pseudomonase areuginosa espercially which was gentamicin-resistrant.
Amikacin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Audiometry ; Brain ; Carbenicillin ; Cerebrum ; Child, Preschool ; Creatinine ; Dilatation ; Fever ; Gentamicins ; Headache ; Humans ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Neurologic Examination ; Physical Examination ; Pseudomonas ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Rifampin ; Urinalysis