During The last 11 years from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1990, 72 cases of salmonellosis has been admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of National Medical Center and evaluated clinical difference between typhoid fever and salmonella gastroenteritis. The results were as follows: 1) The annual incidence of salmonella gastroenteritis insalmonellosis was increased in the latter half of the eighties. 2) Both salmonellosis had its peak incidence in the summer. 3) Salmonella gastroenteritis was highest in the age of less than 5 year in contrast with the age of 6~9 year in typhoid fever. 4) The specimens isolated salmonellae were blood and stool in most cases, especially blood in typhoid fever and stool in gastroenteritis. 5) S.typhi was 16 cases, salmonella group A was 3 cases, group B was 16 cases and Group D and E were a case in each in isolated salmonellae. 6) On the antibiotic sensitivity test, S.typhi was sensitive to the most antibiotics. but the salmonella group B was relatively resisitant to Ampicillin, Carbenicillin, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carbenicillin ; Chloramphenicol ; Gastroenteritis ; Incidence ; Pediatrics ; Salmonella ; Salmonella Infections* ; Tetracycline ; Typhoid Fever

One hundred and thirty-two cases(132 eyes) of corneal ulcer were analysed on the clinical and etiologic basis. The history of evident ocular trauma was found in 28.8% of the cases and ocular disease was found in 7.6% of the cases. Positive results were 16/55 in smear and 33/61 in culture, and the most common isolate was coagulase negative staphylococcus in bacteriologic studies. In fungal studies, positive results were 1/42 in smear and 5/42 in culture, and Aspergillus was the most common isolate. Cephalexin was the most sensitive antibiotics for Gram positive organism and carbenicillin and gentamicin were the most sensitive antibiotics for Gram negative orgamsm. These results indicate that gentamicin and cephalexin in combination would be recommended as the initial treatment of wide-spectrum antibiotics coverage for bacterial corneal ulcer until the final culture results and senitivity are available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aspergillus ; Carbenicillin ; Cephalexin ; Coagulase ; Corneal Ulcer* ; Gentamicins ; Staphylococcus

In clinical practice, we have occasionally experienced the difficulty to identify the pathologic changes of the non or faint-visualized kidney induced by ureteral stone on I.V.P. and especially to decide whether upper urinary tract infection of ipsilateral side was in accordance with lower urinary tract infection or not. We have checked routinely the bacteriological study of the urine collected from the ureterolithotomized site on operation during last two years. Following results were obtained: 1) Among the cultured urine of 42 patients, organism detected in 20 patients and no growth in remainder. Colifrom bacilli 11(26.2%) Staphylococci 5(11.9%) Streptococci 1(2.4%) Pseudomonas 1(2.4%) TB bacilli 2(4.7%) 2) Sensitive drug pattern of 18 patients, Coliform bacilli (11): Kanamycin, Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol Staphylococcus (5): Penicillin, Kanamycin Streptococcus (1): Penicillin Pseudomonas (1): Geopen From above results, some advantages has been provided in the post-operative management of upper urinary tract infection after removal of the ureteral stone.
Carbenicillin ; Chloramphenicol ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Humans ; Kanamycin ; Kidney ; Penicillins ; Pseudomonas ; Staphylococcus ; Streptococcus ; Streptomycin ; Ureter* ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Vibrio alginolyticus is a microorganism of marine environment that occasionally occurs as a human pathogen. We isolated V. alginolyticus from a patient with otitis media. A 37-year-old man had been exposed to seawater one month before admission. The isolate showed typical biochemical and characteristics of this organism such as positive Voges-Proskauer reaction, fermentation of sucrose, growth on 10% sodium chloride media. In vitro susceptibility test shows the isolate was resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin, but was susceptible to other antimicrobial agents. The patient improved with ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin therapy.
Adult ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Carbenicillin ; Ciprofloxacin ; Fermentation ; Humans ; Ofloxacin ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Seawater ; Sodium Chloride ; Sucrose ; Vibrio alginolyticus* ; Vibrio*

In a world, ocular infection of Pseudomonas has been found in premature infants. This is so serious that corneal perforation and panophthalmitis are developed. And septicemia is developed. In these days, hospital infection due to pseudomonas tends to increasese. We experienced one case of pseudomonas dacryocystitis in a normal full term infant. At first, we diagnosed it as a blenorrhea neonatorum due to pseudomonas infection. And the smear of vagina of his mother was examined by Gram stain and culture. But, pseudomonas was not found. So, we considered that it was because of hospital infection. The patient was treated with carbenicillin 400 mg/day intramuscularly and 0.5% chloramphenicol solution everyone hour topically for 2 weeks. During this time there wa.s no improvement. After then we found obstruction of nasolacrimal ducts and performed probing once. After that this case was cured.
Carbenicillin ; Chloramphenicol ; Corneal Perforation ; Cross Infection ; Dacryocystitis* ; Eye Infections ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Mothers ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Panophthalmitis ; Pseudomonas Infections ; Pseudomonas* ; Sepsis ; Vagina

Clinical and bacteriological studies were carried out on 74 cases of infants and children with Shigellosis who were cared from May 1972 to Sept. 1977 in our hospital. 1) The age distribution revealed the range between 6 months and 5 ysers (85% of all) with the sex ratio of 42(57%) of male and 32(43%) of female, 13:1,0. 2) The peak incidence was noted in summer, although there were occurrence throughout the year, even in winter. 3) On bacteriological studies, Shigella flexneri was isolated most frequently (73%) and shigella sonnei was the next(32%). Since 1977, however, the rate of isolation was reversed as the former 32% and the latter 62%. 4) Up to 1976, ampicillin was the most effective (in 93%) and carbenicillin the next (in 87%) on sensitivity test. But gentamicin became hightly sensitive in 88%, kanamycin in 81% and ampicillin in 13% since 1977. 70% to 95% of isolated Shigellae were resistant to Terramycin, Chloromycetin, streptomycin and Colimycin. 5) The average duration from the onset to the clinical improvement including stool character was that of 3.4 days. 6) The mortality rate was 2.7% (2 of 74 patients) and they all were under 2 years of age.
Age Distribution ; Ampicillin ; Carbenicillin ; Child ; Chloramphenicol ; Colistin ; Dysentery, Bacillary* ; Female ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Kanamycin ; Male ; Mortality ; Oxytetracycline ; Sex Ratio ; Shigella ; Shigella flexneri ; Shigella sonnei ; Streptomycin

In 57 hospitalized patients with temporary closed sterile urinary-catheter drainage, incidence of acquired bacteriuria was evaluated by culture, colony count, drug sensitivity and the following results were obtained. 1. Incidence of infection was 0% within 3 days, 18.2%o within 5 days, 41.7% within 7 days, 60.9%0 after 7 days. 2. Of 117 bacterial strains isolated by culture of urine 82.1%o was gram negative bacteria and 17.1%o was gram positive. The frequency of isolated organisms were as followings: Escherichia coli ............. 44.4%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ............. 19.7%, Staphylococci ............. 14.5%, Caliform bacilli ............. 9.5%, Proteus ............. 6.8%, Streptococci ............. 4.2%, Yeast ............. 0.9%. 3. Most organisms were highly resistant to any of antibiotics which were Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Cephoran, Geopen, Amiktam. 4. Closed sterile drainage system was much effective in delaying bacteriuria than open drainage system in comparison with 70.8% of bacteriuria within the first 3 days of open catheter drainage demonstrated in previous report.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteriuria ; Carbenicillin ; Catheters ; Drainage* ; Escherichia coli ; Gentamicins ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kanamycin ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Streptomycin ; Tetracycline ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Yeasts

In spite of many available antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, genitourinary tract infection still remains as troublesome subject for urologist. Since we always interested in the effects and side effects of the new antibacterial agent in urinary infection, we administered indanyl carbenicillin 3-4 gm for 2-20 days to 58 cases of various urinary infections, patients for the preparation of surgical and endoscopic operation and for the prevention of septicemia after endoscopy. The results were obtained as follower 1) Among 3 cases of gonorrheal urethritis, 2 cease were cured rapidly and one case was improved. 2) Among 34 cases of chronic non-gonorrheal urethritis, 19 cases were cured and 9 cases were improved. 3) Among 4 cases of chronic prostatitis, one case was improved. 4) Among 5 cases of pyelonephritis. 4 cases were cured and one case was improved. 5) Among 12 patients who underwent soundation, endoscopy and T.U.R., postoperative infections were not found in 11 cases. 6) In 10 out of 34 cases of chronic non-gonorrheal urethritis, daily doses of 4 gm of indanyl carbenicillin were given orally for 12 days, and observation was done on the changes of clinical symptoms, urinalysis, hematology, blood urea nitrogen and liver function test before, during and after treatment. Excellent results were obtained in all 10 cases with only slight side effects such as indigestion, gastric soreness, nausea and abdominal distension.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Carbenicillin* ; Dyspepsia ; Endoscopy ; Hematology ; Humans ; Liver Function Tests ; Nausea ; Prostatitis ; Pyelonephritis ; Sepsis ; Urethritis ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

We studied clinically 109 caseu of typhoid fever in children, who were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Hospital for 5 years from January 1975 to December 1979. The results are as follows: 1) There were no specific differences have been noted in the annual incidence. 2) The highest incidence was noted in the summer season, which comprised of more than half of the total number of cases(52.3%) In whole of year, however, 11.9 percent noted in the winter Season. 3) The incidence of the disease was more in males are as compared to females, the respective percentage being 67 and 33. 4) The highest incidence was in the age group of 5~10 years, in percentage of 52.3. 5) The duration from onset to admission within 1 week were 55cases(50.5%), and from 1 week to 2 weeks were 33 cases(30.3%). The majority of cases admitted within 2 weeks. 6) The chief complaints on admission were fever(95%), abdominal pain(51%), anorexia (31%), nausea and vomiting(26%), and headache(25%). On physical examination, fever(95%), hepatomegaly(77%), injected throat(61%), bradycardia(27%), abdominal tenderness(18%), splenomegaly(21%) were noted. There was no rose spot. 7) The laboratory findings were as follow: Leukopenia was noted about Ilpercent, anemia was noted about 22 percent, however, no cases of Hgb level less than 8gm% was noted. In bacteriologic cultures, there were 35. 690 in blood culture and 6.6% in stool culture. There was no positive case in urine culture. In Widal test, there was 76.8% of positive result in 112 test cases. The percentage of positive cases were increased according to the duration of illness. 8) Complicated or associated diseases were 11% of total cases, in which majority were hepatitis and pneumonia. 9) In sensitivity test to antibiotics against organism isolated from blood culture, the most sensitive antibiotics was carbenicillin, followed by chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and ampicillin, Concerning annual variation of sensitivity to chloramphenicol and ampicillin, the sensitivity to chloramphenicol was no annual variation noted, but the sensitivity to ampicillin was decreased from the year of 1976.
Ampicillin ; Anemia ; Anorexia ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carbenicillin ; Child* ; Chloramphenicol ; Female ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukopenia ; Male ; Nausea ; Pediatrics ; Physical Examination ; Pneumonia ; Seasons ; Streptomycin ; Typhoid Fever*

Conjugative R plasmids derived from 74 clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens were epidemiologically analyzed for antimicrobial resistance, EcoRI restriction endonuclease analysis and Southern hybridization with DHFR, TEM and SHV probe. 1. Resistance frequency of isolates against various B-lactam antibiotics was changed by year. 2. Twenty (27%) resistant strains transferred 32 R plasmids to E. coli or Klebsiella by mixed culture. Most strains isolated from 1994 to 1996 transferred only trimethoprim resistance but most strains isolated from 1997 did resistances against gentamicin (Gm) and B-lactams including ampicillin (Ap), carbenicillin (Cb), cefazolin (Cz), cefaloridine (Cl), cefamandole (Cn). 3. Ten plasmids of GmApCbCzC1Cn or GmApCbCzC1 pattern and 3 plasmids of TcSuGmTbApCbCzC1 pattern respectively showed identical EcoRI restriction endonuclease digestion patterns and hybridized fragment patterns with TEM-1 probe by Southern hybridization. These results indicate that the epidemic plasmids carrying blamM gene were present in this hospital in 1997 and molecular genetic analysis of R plasmids can be used to discriminate S. marcescens isolates for epidemiologic studies.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Carbenicillin ; Cefamandole ; Cefazolin ; Cephaloridine ; Digestion ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology* ; Gentamicins ; Klebsiella ; Molecular Biology ; Plasmids ; R Factors ; Serratia marcescens* ; Serratia* ; Trimethoprim Resistance