The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in subjective acute effects of alcohol and naltrexone among those who prefer spicy food to varying degrees. Acute biphasic alcohol effects scale (BAES), visual analogue scale for craving (VAS-C), blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and food preference scale were measured in 26 men. Repeated measures ANOVA (2 preference groupsx4 time blocks) on the stimulative subscale of BAES revealed a significant group by block interaction in naltrexone condition (N+) (P<0.001), but not in non-naltrexone condition (N-). Furthermore, repeated measures ANOVA (2 drug groupsx4 time blocks) on the stimulative subscale of BAES revealed a significant group by block interaction in strong preference for spicy food (SP) (P<0.001), but not in lesser preference for spicy food (LP). The paired t-test revealed that significant suppression of the stimulative subscale of BAES was observed at 15 min (P<0.001) and 30 min (P<0.001) after drinking when N+ compared with N- in SP. For those who prefer spicy food, the stimulative effect of acute alcohol administration was suppressed by naltrexone. This result suggests that the effect of naltrexone may vary according to spicy food preference.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects ; Alcoholism/*drug therapy ; Capsaicin/pharmacology ; Food Preferences/*drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Naltrexone/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Narcotic Antagonists/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Questionnaires ; Sensory System Agents/pharmacology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of dietary capsaicin in activating transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and thus influencing the vascular dysfunction mediated by high-fat diet and the potential mechanisms.

METHODSA total of 80 male C57BL/6J mice aged 10 weeks were equally divided into four groups, in which the mice were fed with normal diet (ND), normal diet plus capsaicin (NC), high-fat diet (HD), or high-fat diet plus capsaicin (HC) for 20 weeks. Tail-cuff blood pressure (BP), vascular function of mice aortic rings, expressions of voltage-gated potassium-channel Kv1.4, RhoA and Rho kinase in aorta were examined.

RESULTSCompared with ND group, both nitroglycerin [(18.9 +/- 13)% vs. 100%, P < 0.01] and acetylcholine [(26 +/- 12)% vs. 100%, P < 0.01] induced vasorelaxation of aortic rings were significantly reduced in HD group. Both endothelium dependent and independent aortic rings vasorelaxation in HC group were significantly improved compared with that in HD group [acetylcholine: (69 +/- 15)%; nitroglycerin: (46.5 +/- 6)%, P < 0.05], but still reduced compared with that in ND group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). High fat diet induced the expression of RhoA and Rho kinase. Dietary capsaicin down-regulated the expression of RhoA and Rho kinase but up-regulated the expression of Kv1.4 in aorta in mice fed with normal or high fat diet (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDietary capsaicin can ameliorate vasorelaxation dysfunction mediated by high-fat diet. The potential mechanisms may be related with TRPV1 activation, which in turn stimulates potassium channel and inhibits RhoA and Rho kinase in the vasculature.

Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; metabolism ; physiology ; Capsaicin ; pharmacology ; Diet, High-Fat ; adverse effects ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; TRPV Cation Channels ; drug effects ; Vasodilation ; drug effects ; physiology ; rho-Associated Kinases ; metabolism ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein ; metabolism

This study aims to explore the effect of Jinzhen Oral Liquid(JOL) on cough after infection in rats and the mechanism. To be specific, a total of 60 male SD rats were classified into 6 groups: normal group(equivalent volume of distilled water, ig), model group(equivalent volume of distilled water, ig), Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide Oral Solution group(3.67 mL·kg~(-1), ig), high-, medium-, and low-dose JOL groups(11.34, 5.67, and 2.84 mL·kg~(-1), respectively, ig). Lipopolysaccharide(LPS, nasal drip), smoking, and capsaicin(nebulization) were employed to induce cough after infection in rats except the normal group. Administration began on the 19 th day and lasted 7 days. Capsaicin(nebulization) was used to stimulate cough 1 h after the last administration and the cough frequency and cough incubation period in rats were recorded. The pathological morphology of lung tissue was observed based on hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) was used to detect the specific expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(Trpv1), nerve growth factor(NGF), tropomyosin receptor kinase A(TrkA), and phosphorylated-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p-p38 MAPK) in lung tissue, Western blot the protein expression of Trpv1, NGF, TrkA, and p-p38 MAPK in lung tissue, and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(real-time PCR) the mRNA expression of Trpv1, NGF, and TrkA. The results showed that model group demonstrated significantly high cough frequency, obvious proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue, significantly enhanced positive protein expression of Trpv1, NGF, TrkA, and p-p38 MAPK in lung tissue and significant increase in the mRNA expression of Trpv1, NGF, and TrkA compared with the normal group. Compared with the model group, JOL can significantly reduce the cough frequency, alleviate the pathological changes of lung tissue, and decrease the protein expression of Trpv1, NGF, TrkA, and p-p38 MAPK in lung tissue, and high-dose and medium-dose JOL can significantly lower the mRNA expression of Trpv1, NGF, and TrkA. This study revealed that JOL can effectively inhibit Trpv1 pathway-related proteins and improve cough after infection. The mechanism is that it reduces the expression of NGF, TrkA, and p-p38 MAPK in lung tissue, thereby decreasing the expression of Trpv1 and cough sensitivity.
Animals ; Capsaicin/adverse effects* ; Cough/drug therapy* ; Dextromethorphan/adverse effects* ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS)/adverse effects* ; Hematoxylin ; Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects* ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, trkA/metabolism* ; TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism* ; Tropomyosin/metabolism* ; Water/metabolism* ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism*

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the combination effects of capsicum plaster at the Korean hand acupuncture points K-D2 with prophylactic antiemetic on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV). METHODS: An experimental research design (a randomized, a double-blinded, and a placebo-control procedure) was used. The participants were female patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy; the control group (n=34) received intravenous prophylactic ramosetron 0.3mg, while the experimental group (n=34) had Korean Hand Therapy additionally. In the experimental group, capsicum plaster was applied at K-D2 of both 2nd and 4th fingers by means of Korean Hand Therapy for a period of 30 minutes before the induction of anesthesia and removed 8 hours after the laparoscopy. RESULTS: The occurrence of nausea, nausea intensity and need for rescue with antiemetic in the experimental group was significantly less than in the control group 2 hours after surgery. CONCLUSION: Results of the study show capsicum plaster at K-D2 is an effective method for reducing PONV in spite of the low occurrence of PONV because of the prophylactic antiemetic medication.
Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Anesthesia ; Antiemetics/*therapeutic use ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Capsaicin/therapeutic use ; Capsicum/*chemistry ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Fingers ; Genital Diseases, Female/*surgery ; Humans ; Laparoscopy/adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting/*drug therapy/etiology ; Republic of Korea ; Time Factors ; Vomiting/*drug therapy/etiology