No abstract available.
Cisplatin ; Hyperpigmentation* ; Capecitabine

No abstract available.
Capecitabine ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Nasolacrimal Duct

No abstract available.
Capecitabine ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Deoxycytidine ; Fluorouracil ; Humans

No abstract available.
Administration, Metronomic ; Aged* ; Capecitabine* ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans

Hand-foot syndrome, also known as acral erythema, is a distinctive and relatively common toxic reaction due to some anticancer drugs. It is characterized by a painful erythema on the palms and soles during chemotherapy, which is often preceeded by paresthesia. We report two cases of hand-foot syndrome induced by capecitabine, which is a relatively brand-new oral anticancer agent. Hand-foot syndrome is one of the most common complications of capecitabine, and is on the increase. Therefore, dermatologists should be aware of it.
Drug Therapy ; Erythema ; Hand-Foot Syndrome* ; Paresthesia ; Capecitabine

INTRODUCTION: XELOX is non-inferior to FOLFOX-4 as a first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. This study compares the costs associated with XEL0X+/-bevacizumab versus FOLFOX4+/-bevacizumab in a non-reimbursed, out of pocket Philippine health care system.
METHODS: This is a cost-minimization analysis using Philippine General Hospital as base case and a typical Filipino patient of 60 kg with BSA 1.66. The outcome data were derived from the N016966 trial. These included the drugs capecitabine, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and bevacizumab (BEV); chemotherapy cycles and corresponding hospital admission for each regimen; resources associated with treatment of adverse events such hospital days, ambulatory consultations, concomitant
medication, and central venous line insertion/removal, with costs and charges based on the local setting.
RESULTS: Highest cost (direct and/or indirect) was for FOLFOX4+BEV, followed by XEL0X+BEV, FOLFOX4, and then XELOX. The use of XELOX resulted in a cost saving of PhP 158,642 per patient compared with FOLFOX4. The use of XEL0X+BEV resulted in a cost saving of PhP 186,144 per patient compared with FOLFOX4+BEV.
CONCLUSION: XEL0X+/-BEV is less costly than FOLFOX4-F/-BEV in an out-of-pocket Philippine tertiary hospital setting from the patient's perspective.

Although gastric cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in Korea, the prognosis for advanced gastric cancer remains poor, and there is no established standard front-line chemotherapy for advanced stage. However, many clinical trials have been developed to improve the response rate and survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Novel oral fluoropyrimidines, capecitabine and S-1, are substituting inconvenient 5-FU continuous infusions. These oral fluoropyrimidines combined with docetaxel (1-hour infusion) lead to improve anticancer efficacy and convenience. Capecitabine and docetaxel combination regimens showed response rates 39~60% with median survival 9.5~12 months, and major adverse reactions were hand-foot syndrome and neutropenia. Also, S-1 and docetaxel combination regimens showed response rates 46~56% with median survival 14~14.9 months, and major adverse reaction was neutropenia. The combination of docetaxel and novel oral fluoropyrimidine is highly active and well tolerated in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Large randomized clinical trials are warranted to confirm the efficacy of those regimens. Also, we are looking forward to having the results from studies of new chemotherapeutic agents and modalities.
Capecitabine ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Fluorouracil ; Hand-Foot Syndrome ; Humans ; Korea ; Neutropenia ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: Capecitabine (Xeloda(R)), which is a systemic prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, can be used in oral formulation for treatment of advanced colorectal cancer as a 1st line or an alternative modality to I.V. 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. One of the most common side effects of this drug is hand-foot syndrome (HFS), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome. We planned this study to clarify the incidence and the clinical course of severe hand-foot syndrome (WHO classification, grade 3 or 4) following capecitabine monotherapy for adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer. METHODS: From August 2006 to August 2008, 45 colorectal cancer patients were treated with capecitabine, 1,250 mg/m2, orally administered twice daily for 2 wk, followed by 1 wk of rest, given as 3-wk cycles. Seven of them discontinued the drug within 3rd cycle due to poor performance status, gastrointestinal troubles, or other causes. We retrospectively analyzed the remaining 38 patients' medical records and defined the incidence and the clinical course of HFS. RESULTS: Of the 38 patients, 17 (44.7%) suffered severe HFS after capecitabine monotherapy. Of those 17, 5 (29.4%) had severe symptoms after the 1st chemotherapy cycle, and 14 patients (82.4%) had severe symptoms within the 4th cycle. Three of the 14 female and 14 of the 24 male patients complained of severe HFS, showing a statistical male predominance (P=0.043). Eventually, we had to decrease capecitabine to 75% of the daily dose in 12 patients and to 50% in one patient, and to discontinue its use in 4 patients. CONCLUSION: Capecitabine monotherapy very frequently provokes severe HFS, especially in the early cycles of chemotherapy and in males.
Capecitabine ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Deoxycytidine ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; Hand-Foot Syndrome ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Despite advances in rectal cancer treatment over the last decade, local control and risk of late side effects due to external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) remain as concerns. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy and the safety of low-dose-rate endorectal brachytherapy (LDRBT) as a boost to neoadjuvant chemoradiation for use in treating locally advanced distal rectal adenocarcinomas. METHODS: This phase-II clinical trial included 34 patients (as the study arm) with newly diagnosed, locally advanced (clinical T3-T4 and/or N1/N2, M0) lower rectal cancer. For comparative analysis, 102 matched patients (as the historical control arm) with rectal cancer were also selected. All the patients were treated with LDRBT (15 Gy in 3 fractions) and concurrent chemoradiation (45-50.4 Gy). Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 plus oral capecitabine 825 mg/m2 twice daily during LDRBT and EBRT. RESULTS: The study results revealed a significant differences between the study arm and the control arm in terms in the pathologic tumor size (2.1 cm vs. 3.6 cm, P = 0.001), the pathologic tumor stage (35% T3-4 vs. 65% T3-4, P = 0.003), and the pathologic complete response (29.4% vs. 11.7%, P < 0.028). Moreover, a significantly higher dose of EBRT (P = 0.041) was found in the control arm, and a longer time to surgery was observed in the study arm (P < 0.001). The higher rate of treatment-related toxicities, such as mild proctitis and anemia, in the study arm was tolerable and easily manageable. CONCLUSION: A boost of LDRBT can optimize the pathologic complete response, with acceptable toxicities, in patients with distal rectal cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Anemia ; Arm ; Brachytherapy* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Proctitis ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Capecitabine

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the ERCC1 expression is effective to predict the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) and who were treated with cisplatin-based first-line chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 89 measurable AGC patients received cisplatin and capecitabine, with or without epirubicin, as a part of a randomized phase II study. Patients were included for the current molecular analysis if they had received two or more cycles of chemotherapy, their objective tumor responses were measured and if their paraffin-embedded tumor samples were available. The ERCC1 expression was examined by performing immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and the patients were divided into two groups (positive or negative) according to the presence of IHC staining of the tumor cell nuclei. RESULTS: Of the 32 eligible patients, 21 patients (66%) had tumor with a positive expression of ERCC1 and the remaining 11 patients had tumor with a negative ERCC1-expression. The ERCC1-negative patients achieved a higher response rate than that of the ERCC1-positive patients (44% vs. 28%, respectively), although the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.42). The median survival time for the all patients was 14.6 months (95% CI: 13.6 to 15.6 months). The one-year survival rate was similar for the ERCC1-negative patients (61%) and the ERCC1-positive patients (70%). CONCLUSION: In the current study, the tumor ERCC1 expression by IHC staining could not predict the clinical response or survival of AGC patients who were treated with cisplatin-based first-line chemotherapy. The ERCC1 protein expression does not appear to be a useful tool for the selection of tailored chemotherapy for these patients.
Cell Nucleus ; Cisplatin ; Deoxycytidine ; Epirubicin ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate ; Capecitabine