Objective: To investigate the immunosuppressive effect of sinomenine (SIN) on xenogenic skin transplantation in mice.Methods: BALB/c→C57BL/6 tergal skin transplantation model was established by an operation, and then the mice were divided into 5 groups at random, namely sham group, model group, SIN group (30 mg·kg-1), ciclosporin A group (CsA) (10 mg·kg-1) and combination of SIN and CsA group (SIN 30 mg·kg-1 and CsA 5 mg·kg-1) (n=10).All the mice were intraperitoneally administered once a day for ten days.The survival days of skin graft were recorded, and the IL-2 levels in plasma were determined by ELISA respectively on the 4th and 8th day after the operation.Results: The mean survival days of skin graft in the groups treated with different drugs were significantly prolonged when compared with that in the model group (P<0.01).The combination of SIN and CsA administration showed longer mean survival days than SIN or CsA (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The IL-2 levels in plasma in the groups treated with different drugs were significantly reduced than those in the model group on the 4th and 8th day after the operation (P<0.01).Conclusion: SIN may have a good immunosuppressive effect in the mice with xenogenic skin transplantation, and the combination of SIN and CsA shows a synergistic effect.

Objective To investigate the effect of early life stress on the locomotion and concentration of corticosterone in peripheral blood in adult rats.Methods Maternal deprivation and isolation were used in the model of early life stress. Chronic stress was used in adult rats.Open field test was used for the measurement of locomotion activity. ELISA was used to measure the concentration of corticosterone in peripheral blood.Results The total activity time of locomotion[(296.96±6.63)s, (291.06±8.40)s;P＜0.01] and the concentration of corticosterone [(15.51±2.41)nmol/L,(11.27±2.49)nmol/L;P＜0.05]were increased in adult rats by maternal deprivation. The total activity distance [(23231.29±2030.35)mm,(14042.81.06±2875.34)mm;P＜0.05] and time[(296.39±3.48)s,(259.18±4.71)s;P＜0.01]were increased after chronic stress which was used in adult rats in which maternal deprivation were used before. The concentration of corticosterone[(20.60±1.83)nmol/L,(14.49±1.37)nmol/L;P＜0.01]was also increased in the same condition.Conclusions The concentration of corticosterone and locomotion activity of adult rats can be increased by early life stress. The reaction of HPA axis for chronic stress was improved by early life stress.

Objective: To explore the impact of regional economy on structure of total health expenditure. Methods: According to the panel data of China from 2002 to 2011, the partial least-squares regression method was used to build the relationship model of regional economy and total health expenditure construction. Results: Per capital GDP, the proportion of the tertiary industry, financial revenue per capita and urban residents disposable income have negative correlation with resident individual health expenditure, while the Engel coefficient has positive relationship with them. Conclusion: Optimizing industrial structure and raising the income of residents are the key factors of optimizing the structure of total health expenditure.

Second primary malignancies are more likely to occur in the multiple myeloma patients .Most of them are Acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) or Myelodysplastic syndrome ( MDS) .The incidence in male or those multiple myeloma patients who is less than 60 years old are more than female or those multiple myeloma patients who are bigger than 60 years old.In recent years,studies of multiple myeloma secondary to leukemia and other tumors are gradually increasing ,but the mechanism and treatment are still unclear .These diseases have the follow-ing characteristics such as progress rapidly ,high mortality rate and low complete remission rate after chemothera-py.

Objective To assess the clinical value of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) for the treatment of metastatic liver leiomyosarcoma(MLL).Methods CT triphasic scanning and TACE were performed in 8 patients with MLL,which was proved by fine-needle aspiration biopsy and immunohistochemical study.A follow-up of 1-3 years was conducted.Based on the enhancement degree of the hepatic lesion and the DSA manifestations of the lesion,which were observed both before and after TACE,and also on the survival time,the therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated.Results Of the eight cases,single metastasis was seen in 3 and multiple metastasis in 5.Excellent result was obtained in 6 cases and good result in 2 cases.Based on the imaging findings,marked effect was seen in 3 cases,good effect in 4 cases and no improvement in one case.The surviva1 rate at 1,2 and 3 years was 87.8%,50.0% and 37.8% respectively.Conclusion TACE is a safe and effective treatment for MLL.

Objective:To explore the main economic and social factors influencing human health. Methods:By using the partial least squares(PLS) method and the panel data from areas of China in 2011, regression model related with economic social factors and human life expectancy was built. Results: Per capital GDP, the proportion of the tertiary industry, the number of people beyond college diploma per million people and the number of health technical personnel per 1 000 people has inverse relationshop with life expectancy;the proportion of medical costs accounted for fiscal expenditure, the ratio of fiscal deficit, rate of unemployment and Gini coefficient have reverse relationshop with life expectancy. Conclusion: To improve the level of human health, it needs to take comprehensive measures.

Objective To evaluate the expression of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in colorectal carcinoma and analyze its influence on tumor cell proliferation.Methods The expressions of YAP in 94paired colorectal carcinomas and pericancerous normal tissues were detected by using immunohistochemistry method.The expressions of YAP in colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116 were inhibited with a YAP-spe-cific siRNA.Cell proliferation was then determined by methyl thiazolyl diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.Results The positive rate of YAP in colorectal carcinomas was significantly higher than that in pericancerous normal tissues [69.1％ (65/94) vs 22.3 ％ (21/94),P ＜ 0.001].The expression of YAP was associated with tumor Node Metastasis(TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis(P ＜0.05),but not associated with gender,age,tumor location and histological grade(P ＞0.05).After YAP-specific siR-NA was transfected into HCT116 using lipofectamine,the expression of YAP mRNA and protein in the experimental group were reduced by (78.2 ±2.1)％ and (81.7 ± 1.5)％,respectively,with a statistically significant difference (t =67.55,91.601,P ＜0.01).The growth of HCT116 was significantly inhibited and the reduced rate of cell proliferation was (28.1 ± 1.6) ％,(34.7 ± 2.4) ％ and (24.7 ± 1.2) ％ at the time point of 48 h,72 h and 96 h,respectively.Conclusions Expression of YAP was upregulated in colorectal carcinomas and downregulation of YAP expression could inhibit growth of colorectal carcinoma cells.YAP can be used as a new candidate target for diagnosis and treatment of a colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the relationship between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene-1562 C/T polymorphism and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) from (IS) in Chinese Han population in Henan province.Methods The promoter-1562 C/T gene polymorphism in 84 IS patients with HT and 138 age-and sex-matched IS patients without HT were tested by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).The genotypes and alleles frequencies of-1562 C/T polymorphism were analyzed.Results The frequency of CT and TT genotype and T allele was lower in IS patients with HT than in IS patients without HT (17.86％ (15cases) vs.30.43％ (42 cases),8.93％ (15 cases) vs.15.94％ (44 cases),x2=4.326 and 4.458,P=0.037 and 0.035).The relative risk for HT from IS was decreased in patients with T allele than those withCTandTTgenotype[0.517 (95％CI:0.278-0.961) vs.0.497 (95％CI:0.255-0.967)].Conclusions The MMP-9 gene-1562C/T polymorphism may be related to hemorrhagic transformation of in Chinese Han population in Henan province.The T allele is a protective factor for hemorrhagic transformation of in the population.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of 2D ultrasound (2DUS)-based composite score method and contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differentiation between thyroid microcarcinomas and benign micronodules. Methods A total of 216 consecutive patients with 258 thyroid micronodules underwent 2DUS and CEUS examinations before thyroidectomy from June 2011 to October 2013. The scoring of each nodule was based on five 2DUS features including hypoechogencity, irregular shape, macrocalcification, and taller than wide in shape. Microcalciifcation was assigned as 2 points and the remaining features were assigned as 1 point. A composite score was ifnally given to each thyroid nodule ranging from 0 to 6 points. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of diagnosing thyroid microcarcinoma by 2DUS composite score method and CEUS were calculated. Results The histopathologic results of all 258 nodules were acquired, including 125 papillary microcarcinomas and 133 benign micronodules. Each nodule′s 2DUS compostie score was ranging from 0 to 6 points. The area of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 2DUS in diagnosing thyroid microcarcinoma was 0.81. The 2DUS composite score method predicted the thyroid microcarcinoma with sensitivity of 78.4%(98/125), speciifcity of 72.9%(97/133), accuracy of 75.6%(195/258), when the nodule with a score greater than or equal to 3 points was deifned as malignant. Thyroid micronodules′enhancement pattern were divided into 7 types, including early hypoenhancement, hypoenhancement, isoenhancement, hyperenhancement, local nonenhancement, nonenhancement, and ring margin ring enhancement. CEUS predicted thyroid malignant micronodules with sensitivity of 87.2%(109/125), specificity of 75.9%(101/133), and accuracy of 81.4%(210/258), when early hypoenhancement and hypoenhancement pattern was defined as malignant patterns. There were no differences in sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy between 2DUS cumulative score method and CEUS in diagnosing thyroid microcarcinoma (McNemar test, P=0.099, 0.608, 0.096). Conclusion Early hypoenhancement and hypoenhancement are CEUS characteristic enhancement pattern for thyroid microcarcinoma, CEUS has higher sensitivity, speciifcity in diagnosis than 2DUS composite score method, while there are no statistical differences.

Aim To investigate whether melatonin ( MT) can alleviate endoplasmic reticulum( ER) stress at an early stage of bleomycin( BLM)-induced lung fi-brosis in mice. Methods Adult healthy male ICR mice were divided randomly into control group, MT group, BLM group and MT + BLM group. In MT group, mice had saline treatment 30 minutes after hav-ing the intraperitoneal injection of MT (10 mg·kg-1 ) and had been intraperitoneally injected with MT once in the following every 24 hours. In BLM group, mice were intratracheally injected with a single dose of BLM (5 mg·kg-1). In MT+BLM group, mice had been intraperitoneally injected with BLM 30 minutes after having MT and had been injected with MT once in the following every 24 hours. In control group, mice re-ceived the same level of saline treatment in the same manner. All mice were dissected for collecting the tis-sue of lungs at different time points (24h, 72h) after BLM treatment. Inflammatory cell infiltration of lungs was determined by HE staining. The level of ER stress related proteins ( GRP78 , p-eIF2α, p-IRE1α) in lungs was determined using Western blot. The distribu-tion of ER stress related proteins ( GRP78 , p-IRE1α, ATF6α, p-PERK) in lungs was detected by immuno-histochemistry. Results The model of BLM-induced acute inflammation of lung fibrosis in mice had been successfully constructed. After BLM treatment, lung weight, lung weight ratio and inflammatory cell infiltra-tion were significantly increased with a significant cor-relation between time and effectiveness. After MT treatment, lung weight, lung weight ratio and inflam-matory cell infiltration were significantly reduced. The results of Western blot showed that MT pretreatment not only prevented the increase of BLM-induced GRP78 protein significantly, but also restrained the phosphorylation of eIF2α and IRE1α in mouse lungs. Immunohistochemistry also showed that MT pretreat-ment reduced the expression of GRP78 , p-IRE1α, ATF6α and p-PERK. Conclusion MT alleviates ER stress effectively at an early stage of BLM-induced lung fibrosis in mice.