Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the C 2 “hypertrophic sign” in the axis fracture.Methods 37 cases with C 2 fracture confirmed by radiography,CT and operation partly retrospectively analysed,there were 29 men and 8 woman.After trauma all cases were examined by X-ray and 11 cases by CT scan.27 cases underwent operation.Results The incidence rate of the C 2 “hypertrophic sign” was 53.13%.This sign characterized by the distance increased between the anterior and posterior of the axis on the lateral conventional radiography compared with that of C 3 vertebrae.The maximal increasing distance was 11 mm and minimal one was 2.3 mm with average 4.3 mm.Fracture line and swollen soft tissue in front of the vertebra were showed in some cases.Conclusion The C 2 “hypertrophic sign” is main radiographic sign of C2 fracture.

Pharmacogenomics refers to all the genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes,drug transporters,and other drug targets. Studying the relations betweeen gene polymorphisms and drug effects as well as the prediction of adverse reactions at the gene level will be a new method for the clinical therapy of digestive system diseases. Therefore,pharmacogenomics will be a complement of traditional methods for forming and administering drugs regimens.

Objective To observe the THP for locally advanced breast cancer in recent efficacy and toxicity. Methods 32 patients with locally advanced breast cancer received chemotherapy: THP 50mg/m~2 , intravenous injection; day 1: CTX600mg/m 5 - FU500mg/m~2, ivgtt on day 1 and day 8,for a period of 21 days. Results 73% had efficiency,with small heart poisonous side effects. Conclusion New adjuvant chemotherapy with THP - containing regimen for the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer has a higher efficacy, and adverse reactions can be tolerated.

The incidence of progressive stroke is higher in ischemic cerebrovascular diseases and its prognosis is poor.There are more studies about its predictors.The early neuroimaging fmdings,such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) showed infarct location and size,types of stroke,hemorrhagic transformation,macrovascular diseases,perfusion-weighted inaging (PWI) /DWI mismatch and clinical DWI mismatch have certain predictive valucs for the occurrence of progressive stroke.

Microinjoction of thy-rotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) into par-avemricular nucleus (PVN ) obiviously increased gastric motility: frequency of gastric motility change from 3~1 times ? min-1 to 6 ~ 8 times ? min-1. intergastric pressure (IGP) rose from 0. 49 ? 0. 01kPa to 1. 9 1 ? 0. 5kPa. (P

High mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) is a typical nonhistone chromosomal protein. It has many celular functions in nucleus. Studies in recent years have showed that HMGB1 can be released to the outside of cels to exert a wide range of cytological effects. Ischemic stroke is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and disability. More and more evidence has shown that HMGB1 plays a variety of important roles in the occurrence and development process of ischemic stroke. This article reviews the roles of HMGB1 in ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND: Skin reproducing membrane is a biomaterial used directly in contact with skin defects, so its toxicity to the body must be taken into consideration. OBJECTIVE: To systematical y evaluate the biocompatibility of skin reproducing membrane of medical fibroin. METHODS: Skin irritation test: the skin defect of New Zealand white rabbit was covered with the skin reproducing membrane of medical fibroin, formaldehyde or normal saline, respectively, and erythema and edema were observed at 24 and 72 hours after treatment. Acute systematic toxicity test: the mice were given extracts of skin reproducing membrane of medical fibroin, phenol and normal saline via tail vein injection; then status of mice, toxicity grade and death were recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hours after injection. Cytotoxicity test: L-929 cel s were co-cultured with 100%, 50%, 25%, 10% skin reproducing membrane of medical fibroin extracts, and absorbance values were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 2, 4 and 7 days after culture, as wel as by MTT assay after 48 hours of culture, respectively. Besides, L-929 cel s were co-cultured with 100% skin reproducing membrane of medical fibroin extracts, and mRNA expression of fibronectin was determined by qPCR technology after 48-hour culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Skin reproducing membrane of medical fibroin has no adverse reaction, acute cytotoxicity, skin irritation and systemic toxicity, and additional y, it does not affect mRNA expression of fibronectin. In general, skin reproducing membrane of medical fibroin has good biocompatibility.

Objective To investigate the correlations between plasma indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in maintenance hemodialysispatients.Methods A total of 145 maintenance hemodialysis patients were selected.The researchers measured the physiological parameters of the subjects,including pre albumin,albumin,hemoglobin,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,uric acid,calcium,phosphorus,alkaline phosphatase,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,high-density fat cholesterol,intact parathyroid hormone,C-reactive protein,apolipoprotein,lipoprotein,homocysteine,beta 2-microglobulin,sulfuric acid indoxyl,sulfuric acid cresol,serum iron,transferrin,ferritin,and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide carrier.Subjects underwent cardiac ultrasound examination.Results The researchers used heart structure and function as the dependent variable.The single factor Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of heart structure and function changes increased with the increase of systolic blood pressure,N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide,and left ventricular mass index.This study also showed that the risk of heart structure and function changes in patients with previous history of coronary heart disease also increased.The researchers took the systolic blood pressure,coronary heart disease history,N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide,and the left ventricular mass index as the dependent variables.Multifactor Cox regression analysis showed that the history of coronary heart disease,the high left ventricular mass index and the change of the heart structure and function of the patients with acute coronary heart disease were the independent predictors of the change of heart structure and function.The researchers used cardiovascular complications as the dependent variable.Cox regression analysis showed that,with the increase in patient's age,dialysis duration,elevated high C-reactive protein and sulfuric acid p-cresol,patients suffering from the risk of fatal cardiovascular complications rise.The researchers used the complications of cardiovascular deaths as dependent variable,age,duration of dialysis,C-reactive protein,and sulfuric acid p-cresol as covariates,multivariate Cox regression analysis of the results showed that with increasing age,dialysis duration increased,high sulfate of cresol and C-reactive protein,patients suffering from the risk of death from cardiovascular complications rise.Conclusions The history of coronary heart disease,left ventricular mass index,systolic blood pressure,indoxyl sulfate,Nterminal brain natriuretic peptide,age,dialysis age,high C-reaction protein,and p-cresol sulfate are the independent risk factors for cardiovascular complications.The relationship between indoxyl sulfate and sulfuric acid serum concentration of p-cresol and adverse cardiovascular events is most closely.

Ischemic stroke is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and disability.Hypertension is recognized as the most important independent risk factor for ischemic stroke.Vascular remodeling during the development of hypertension is the pathological basis of causing ischemic stroke.Studies have shown that vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and apoptosis will lead to vascular remodeling.In addition,cerebral ischemia-reperfusion can result in neuronal damage and apoptosis.Recent research has shown that vascular remodeling and neuronal apoptosis are associated with chloride channels.At least 3 chloride channels including volume regulated chloride channel,calcium activated chloride channel and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator are involved in these processes.This article reviews the roles of the 3 chloride channels in vascular remodeling,neuronal apoptosis,and ischemic stroke.

Nitric oxide (NO) played an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. It selectively dilates the pulmonary vasculare, combats pulmonary hypertension associated with hypoxemia, improves oxygen. At the same time, it could relaxe bronchial smooth muscle, kill pathogens and have anti-inflammatory effect,etc. Inhaled nitric oxide has important significance in the treatment of respiratory diseases.