In the early 20th century,the term Nursing was introduced into China.In 1884,with the arrival of the first batch of missionary nurse,modern nursing initiated by Nightingale was introduced into China and greatly changed the way of care.The missionary nurses were full of enthusiasm for the spreading Gospel of Christ,the love for nursing care and the empathy for Chinese people;and encountered the lack of staff and material,the mis-understanding and resistance from the local people and other multiple tests.With the untiring effort of them and the trained local nurses,China had led the international care in nursing education and practice standard.Based on this,nursing in Shandong gradually rose and had an unprecedented development as a new medical subject.By clearing up and consulting Chinese and English historical materials,this paper reviewed the 60 years of the mission-ary nurses in China,saw the early development of nursing in our country from the budding and development of Shandong nursing and provided more insights for understanding and solving the complex problems contemporary Chinese nursing faces.

Objective To analyze the overall deployment of Class-A large medical equipments in China.Methods Data of Class A large medical equipments deployed from 2007 to 2015 were collected and classified regionally,for the purpose of measuring the overall deployment,growth level and plan performance.Results There were 403 large medical equipments in China,a rapid rise of deployment,yet still far below developed countries in terms of per capita deployment.Regional differences were significant.With PET-CT as an example,the plan performance in the east(92.19%)was much higher than the west of China(68.57%);plan performance of Class-A equipments was better,conducive to regulating the increase and distribution.Conclusions The deployment level of Class-A equipments in China is low in general,and calls for better regulation regardless of the planning and management progress.

Objective To investigate the influence of stroke volume variation (SVV)-guided fluid therapy on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing the unilateral total knee arthroplasty(UTKA).Methods One hundred patients undergoing the UTKA were randomly di-vided into two groups,group A(SVV 4%-9%)and group B(SVV 10%-14%).The liquid manage-ment,serum markers (CRP,IL-6)and the incidences of deflating-tourniquet-related hypotension and preoperative, 5 d after surgery of the occurrence of POCD in two groups were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in general information between the two groups. Compared with group B,group A needed more fluid transfusion and had a higher 24 h urine volume. The CRP and IL-6 was significantly higher in group B than that in group A;The incidence of defla-ting-tourniquet-related hypotension in group A [22(44%)]was also lower than that in group B [43 (86%)].However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of POCD between the two groups.Conclusion Sufficient blood volume can help to reduce the incidence of deflating-tourniquet-related hypotension,and reduce the inflammatory reaction in elderly patients.

Adolescent ; Angiofibroma ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Pharynx ; pathology

Objective To evaluate whether changes in neonatal intensive care have improved outcomes for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods A prospective phase-lag cohort study was performed in a tertiary level NICU. A meticulous nursing strategy based on neonatal individual developmental care assessment program theory and feasible ELBW minimization stimulus was developed. Conventional care was applied in 2013 (period Ⅰ) and gently caring was applied in 2014 (period Ⅱ). The outcomes of ELBW between these 2 periods were compared. Results During these two periods, thirty-seven infants were included in period Ⅰ and 41 infants in period Ⅱ. In periodⅠ46.0%(17/37) of the infants needed oxygen for at least 28 days, but in period Ⅱ it decreased to 24.4%(10/41), there was significant difference (χ2=3.990, P=0.046). The rate of breastfeeding increased from 27.0%(10/37) in periodⅠto 61.0%(25/41) in period Ⅱ, there was significant difference (χ2=9.061, P=0.003). There was no significant difference in the mortality rate and chronic lung disease (P>0.05). The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage decreased from 21.6%(8/37) to 4.9%(2/41), there was significant difference(P=0.041). Conclusions Gently caring may have resulted in less intracranial hemorrhage and improve breastfeeding rate. Parents are satisfied with gentle care and in light of these findings, gentle care deserves further exploration.

Background Our previous study demonstrated that hyperglycemia aggravate the choroidal neovascularization (CNV) by promoting the chemotaxis process of bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs).Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) can dynamically monitor CNV in vivo.However,how diabetes mellitus (DM)participate in CNV is still in research.Objective This study was to dynamically observe the influence of BMCs to CNV under hyperglycaemia by using BLI combined with histopathology.Methods BMCs from luciferase-green fluorescent protein (Fluc-GFP) double transgenic mice were injected to adult wild type C57BL/6J mice (nine mice per group) via caudal vein to create the chimera models with a chimerism degree higher than 85％,and the chimeric mice were randomized into the control group and DM group based on randomized number table.Streptozotocin [60 mg/(kg · d)] was intraperitoneally injected daily for 5 days to establish the DM models in the chimeric mice of the DM group.CNV was induced in the chimeric mice of both control group and DM group with 532 nm laser photocoagulation.BLI signal of BMCsFluc+GFP+ was in vivo examined by IVIS Kinetics system 1,3,5,7,14,21 and 28 days after CNV modeling.At the seventh day after laser,part of mice were sacrificed,and choroidal and retinal sections were prepared for histopathological examination.The length and thickness of CNV were compared between the control group and DM group.The use and care of experimental followed Statement of ARVO.Results The chimerism degree of the chimeric mice was (88.85 ± 2.46) ％ 28 days after BMCs transplantation,and the blood glucose concentration in the DM group was (17.88±0.86)mmol/L.Histopathological examination revealed that CNV broke through the Bruch membrane toward subretinas.The length of the CNV was (338.67±33.17) μm in the DM group and (180.33±24.68)μm in the control group,showing a significant difference between the two groups (t =8.943,P＜0.05).However,no significant difference was seen in the CNV thickness between the two groups (t =1.790,P＞0.05).Light signals appeared 1 day and reach strongest 7 days after CNV modeling in both groups.The Light signals were stronger in the DM group than those in the control group on 5,7,14 and 21 days after CNV modeling (t =3.411,5.594,5.067,2.663,all at P＜0.05).Conclusions Hyperglycemia can promote more BMCs to participate in the pathogenesis and aggravation of CNV.The behavior of BMCs in CNV can be evaluated using BLI in vivo.

Objective To investigate the role of preoperative peripheral blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR),platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR),prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after radical operation.Methods This is a retrospective study,involving 426 surgically resected hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma cases in a single center from 2003 to 2012.Results Kaplan-Meier analysis showed patients in NLR ≤ 1.62 group achieve higher rate of recurrence-free and overall survival than that in the NLR ＞ 1.62 group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.005);Also PNI ＞ 49.42 group showed higher rate of overall survival significantly than PNI≤49.42 group (P ＜ 0.005).The results of Cox regression multivariate analysis further suggested that both NLR ＞ 1.62 (HR 1.74,P =0.007) and PNI ≤49.42 (HR 0.70,P =0.021) were independent risk factors for overall survival,NLR ＞ 1.62 (HR 1.45,P =0.03) was also an independent risk factor for recurrence-free survival.Conclusion The preoperative NLR and PNI may be independent risk factors for prognosis of patients with HBV-related HCC after radical operation.

Aim To investigate the change of miR-124 expression in methamphetamine-induced addiction in PC12 cells and the possible regulatory mechanism that it involves.Methods PC12 cells were randomly divided into 6 groups as follows: control group, methamphetamine group, agomir Negative Control group, miR-124 agomir group, agomir Negative Control+methamphetamine group and miR-124 agomir+methamphetamine group.After the treatment, the total RNA and protein were extracted in PC12 cells.The expression of miR-124 was measured by Real-time PCR and the expression of GluR2 was determined by Western blot in PC12 cells.Results Compared with those in the control group, the expression of miR-124 was remarkably decreased and the expression of GluR2 was significantly increased in the methamphetamine group in PC12 cells.Compared with those in the agomir Negative Control+methamphetamine group, the expression of miR-124 was remarkably increased and the expression of GluR2 was significantly decreased in the miR-124 agomir+methamphetamine group in PC12 cells.Conclusion MiR-124 might involve in methamphetamine-induced addiction in PC12 cells by inhibiting GluR2.

Objective To determine the expression profile of serum microRNAs(miRNAs) in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (EO-FAD) patients. methods miRNA microarrays were performed to detect the expression profile of serum miRNAs in 2 cases of EO-FAD patients,2 cases of EO-FAD carriers and 2 cases of normal controls.Preliminary bioinformatic analysis was conducted. Result sIt was found that 21 miRNAs were up-regulated and 22 miRNAs were down-regulated in serum of EO-FAD patients,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).miR-5704(P=0.0002),miR-4639-3p(P=0.0195),miR-107(P=0.0204) were markedly up-regulated,miR-5572(P=0.0008),miR-204-3p(P=0.0014),miR-542-5p(P=0.0106) and miR-155-5p(P=0.0240) were markedly down-regulated.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis suggested that the dysregulated miRNAs may be involved in the mechanism of EO-FAD by affecting neurotrophin signaling pathway.Conclusion miR-5704,miR-4639-3p,miR-107,miR-5572,miR-204-3p,miR-542-5p and miR-155-5p may be used as potential biomarkers of EO-FAD,and involved in the mechanism of EO-FAD by affecting neurotrophin signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVETo construct and characterize the TGF-β1, induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) model of keloid epithelial cells in vitro, and to investigate the expression of epithelial stem cells related surface markers in keloid epithelial cells during EMT induction.

METHODSThe epithelial cells from 3 keloid samples of ears were cultured in vitro and induced by transforming growth factor betal (TGF-β1, 1 ng/ml) for 5 days, which was the experimental group, the same cells untreated were considered as the negative control group. The expressions of EMT-associated markers and regulative genes were detected using immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR and western blot analysis. Then the surface markers of epithelial stem cells were detected using real-time PCR. Statistical significance was determined using Independent-Samples t Test, a p value less than 0. 05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTSThe mRNA expression of transcription factor snail2 and mesenchymal-specific marker vimentin increased significantly in TGF-β1, induced keloid epithelial cells (P < 0. 05), in which snail2 increasing from 0. 91 ± 0. 23 to 1. 69 ± 0. 10, and vimentin from 5. 86 ± 2. 07 to 24. 29 ± 5. 39. Whereas the mRNA expression of epithelial-specific marker E-cadherin decreased from 1. 06 ± 0. 19 to 0. 65 ± 0. 09. The mRNA expression of CD29 and Lgr6, two surface markers of epithelial stem cells, significantly increased after induction of the TGF-β1, (P < 0. 05), from 0. 55 ± 0. 14 and 1. 61 ± 0. 31 to 1. 19 ± 0. 12 and 3. 84 t 0. 62 respectively. In induced cells, the immunofluorescence results showed staining of E- cadherin became faint, but the number of positive staining cells of vimentin increased. Western blot confirmed the protein expression of E-cadherin weakened, and the vimentin and p-Smad3 enhanced (P < 0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSTGF-β1, initiated EMT in keloid epithelial cells by inducing the up-regulation of snail2, and TGF-β1,/Smad3 signaling pathway was involved in EMT. EMT could change the phenotype of epithelial stem cells in keloid.

Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Cadherins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; physiology ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Keloid ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Smad3 Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Snail Family Transcription Factors ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Up-Regulation ; Vimentin ; genetics ; metabolism