High-frequency oscillations are used more and more widely on localizing epileptogenic zone and evaluating outcome as the surgery on epilepsy cases are increasing and the technique of electroencephalogram (EEG) are being improved.High-frequency oscillations are recorded by intracranial electrodes on most previous studies.However,recent reports describing high-frequency oscillations on scalp EEG recordings have created significant interest.Scalp high-frequency EEG provides a safe,non-invasive and simple method for us to study the special brain electrical activity.This paper summary the clinical applications and some questions on scalp high-frequency EEG.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine with different doses combined with ropivacaine on the bra-chial plexus block. METHODS:Totally 90 patients with upper extremity surgery of brachial plexus block were randomly divided in-to test group,control group 1 and control group 2. Test group was treated with 0.375%ropivacaine 40 ml+dexmedetomidine 100μg, brachial plexus injection;control group 1 was treated with 0.375% ropivacaine 40 ml+dexmedetomidine 50 μg,brachial plexus in-jection;and control group 2 was treated with 0.375% ropivacaine 40 ml,brachial plexus injection. Onset time of sensory and motor nerve block,block duration,postoperative pain time for the first time and pain score,analgesia duration,quality of analgesia and muscle relaxant,before anesthesia induction(T0),plasma cortisol concentrations in nerve block 10 min (T1),the start of surgery (T2)and incidence of adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS:The onset time of sensory and motor nerve block and postopera-tive pain score for the first time in test group werecontrol group 1>control group 2,plasma cortisol concentrations at T1 and T2 were higher than T0,and T2>T1>T0,test group0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Ropivacaine combined with 100 μg dexmedetomidine can effectively im-prove brachial plexus block and shorten the onset time of sensory and motor nerve block,with good safety.

ObjectiveCardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and its related ischemia reperfusion injury may cause endothelial cell injury.To study the protective effects of sodium ferulate in vascular endothelial function during CPB by testing the changes of vascular endothelial cell( CEC),nitric oxide( NO) and endothelin-1 ( ET-1 ) in children with congenital heart disease.MethodsSixty patients with congenital heart disease,including 28 males and 32 females were studied.The mean age was (19.7 ±10.4) months and body weight (10.5 ±6.1) kg.There were 37 VSD,8 ASD,7 TOF,5 TAPVC and 3 CAVC,among them 26 patients had pulmonary hypertension.They were randomly divided in to two groups:sodium ferulate group ( group S,n = 30),and control group ( group C,n =30) .Sodium ferulate (8 mg/kg) was given intravenously before CPB.Blood samples were taken from the arterial line at following time points:before CPB (TO),bypass 30 min(Tl ),the termination of CPB (T2 ),2h after operation ( T3 ) and 6h after operation ( T4 ),respectively for determination the concentration of vascular endothelial cell (CEC) in the blood,the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 ( ET-1) in the plasma.ResultsThere were no significant difference for the two groups regarding above parameters at TO ( P > 0.05).The level of CEC was significantly elevated after CPB in both groups ( P < 0.05 ) .CEC were lower at T2 in group S than in group C ( P < 0.05 ) .NO was decreased in both groups,but was higher in group S at T2,T3 and T4 ( P < 0.05 ) .The concentration of plasma ET-1 was not significantly different before CPB,but there was a slight decrease at T1,and then it was significantly increased in both groups (P<0.05).But it was lower in group S than in group C at T1,T2,T3 and T4(P<0.05 orP<0.01).ConclusionThere was severe endothelial cell damage during CPB.Sodium Ferulate can effectively antagonize the secretion of ET-1 to promote the formation of NO.Therefore,it reduces CPB-induced endothelial cell damage and protects vascular endothelial function during CPB.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of Kanglaite injection combined with radiothreapy in the treatment of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),and provide evidence-based reference for clinical treatment. METH-ODS:Retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMBase,VIP,CJFD,Wanfang database and CBM,randomized controlled tri-als(RCT)about the efficacy and safety of Kanglaite injection combined with radiothreapy in the treatment of NSCLC were collect-ed. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 software after data extraction and quality evaluation with modified Jadad scale. RESULTS:Totally 9 RCTs were included,involving 561 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed,Kanglaite injection com-bined with radiothreapy can significantly improve the effective rate [OR=2.99,95%CI(2.07,4.31),P<0.001] and improvement rate of life quality [OR=3.74,95%CI(2.36,5.92),P<0.001],and reduce the incidence of radiation pneumonitis [OR=0.23,95%CI (0.12,0.47),P<0.001] and radiation esophagitis [OR=0.10,95%CI(0.05,0.21),P<0.001] of NSCLC patients,the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS:Both the efficacy and safety of Kanglaite injection combined with radiothreapy in the treatment of NSCLC are superior to radiothreapy alone.

Objective To investigate the expression of kallikrein 9 (KLK9) in liver cancer and to determine its significance.Methods The expression of KLK9 in liver cancer was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR techniques.Results The rate of expression of KLK9 protein in liver cancer tissues was significantly higher than paracarcinoma tissues and normal liver tissues (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of KLK9 mRNA in liver cancer cells was significantly higher than normal liver cells (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of KLK9 was related to metastasis,size of tumors,degree of malignancy and clinical staging of the liver cancer (P ≤ 0.05),but there was no associated with age,HbsAg and sex (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions KLK9 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of liver cancer.It may be used as a tumor marker and a prognostic factor.It may also provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and biological targeted therapy of liver cancer.

Aim To investigate the effect of isoflurane on the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)in the hippocampus of neonatal rats, and the effect of p38 MAPK pathway on isoflurane-in-duced neuronal apoptosis.Methods Forty-eight neo-natal rats on postnatal day 7 were assigned randomly into four groups:DMSO group (group Air +DMSO), p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 group (group Air +SB20 ),isoflurane +DMSO group (group Iso +DM-SO),and isoflurane +SB203580 group (group Iso +SB20 ).Rats were exposed to air or isoflurane (volume fraction of 0.01 1 )for 4h.The p38 inhibitor SB203580 (20 nmol)or DMSO (volume fraction of 0.1 )5μl was intraventricularly administered 30 min before the expo-sure.The brains of some rats in each group were per-fused and embedded by paraffin 6h after the exposure. Neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 area was detected by terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)(n =6). The hippocampal tissues of the other rats in each group were dissected 6h after the exposure,and the protein expressions of phospho-p38 (p-p38 ),p38,cleaved caspase-3,phospho-NF-κB (p-NF-κB ),Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Westem blot (n =6).Results The number of TUNEL positive cells in the hippocam-pal CA1 region in group Iso +DMSO increased by 4.8 fold compared with that in group Air +DMSO (P <0.01 ),while the number of TUNEL positive cells in group Iso +SB20 decreased by 3 /5 compared with that in group Iso +DMSO (P <0.01 ).The protein expres-sion of cleaved caspase-3 in group Iso +DMSO signifi-cantly increasd (P =0.003)compared to that in group Air +DMSO,which was significantly decreasd in group Iso +SB20 (P =0.007 ).In addition,isoflurane also increased the protein expression of p-p38,p-NF-κB and Bax,decreased the level of Bcl-2,and reduced the ratio of Bcl-2 /Bax compared with control animals (P <0.01 ,P =0.004,P <0.01 ,P <0.01 ,P <0.01 ,respectively).Howerver,SB203580 partly at-tenuated the isoflurane-induced protein change above. Conclusion Isoflurane induces neuroapoptosis in neo-natal rat hippocampus by the activation of p38 MAPK pathway.

This study was aimed to establish a method to determine the content of phenolic acids in the soil of cultivation base ofCoptis chinensis, in order to study the accumulation and decrease law of phenolic acids. The content of total phenolic acid was determined by ferric chloride-ferricyanatum calcium colorimetric method. Thecontent of ferulic acid in Coptis chinensis was determined by HPLC. The results showed that the contents of total phenolic acid and ferulic acid in the soil of cultivation base of Coptis chinensis were in the range from 0.545-0.026 mg·g-1 and 0.139 to 0.652 μg·g-1, respectively. It was concluded that the variation of phenolic acids in the soil of cultivation base ofCoptis chinensis was obvious. With the increase of growth age of Coptis chinensis, the contents of total phenolic acid and ferulic acid in the soil of cultivation base of Coptis chinensis were increased in the cultivation period. With the increase of fallow age, the contents of total phenolic acid and ferulic acid in the soil of cultivation base ofCoptis chinensis showed decrease tendency in the fallow period of Coptis chinensis. The variation tendency of phenolic acids contents in the soil of cultivation base ofCoptis chinensis can be referred to in the study of the continuous cropping obstacle of Coptis chinensis.

This study was aimed to establish a method to determine the content of phenolic acids in different parts ofCoptis chinensis, in order to discuss the dynamic change of phenolic acids contents in different parts and growth years ofCoptis chinensis. Contents of total phenolic acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid were determined by ferric chloride-ferricyanatum calcium colorimetric method and HPLC, respectively. The results showed that the content of total phenolic acid inCoptis chinensis was in the range from 98.435 mg·g-1 to 184.456 mg·g-1. The content of chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid was in the range from 0.176 mg·g-1 to 2.227 mg·g-1, and 0.039 mg·g-1 to 0.512 mg·g-1, respectively. It was concluded that the content of phenolic acids in different parts ofCoptis chinensis were significantly different. The phenolic acids contents in different parts of Coptis chinensis reached the highest two years after transplantation, and then it expressed downswing with the increasing of growth period.

Objective To explore the role of ADSCs and PRP in soft tissue defect repairing .Methods Harvest adipose tissue from inguinalis fat pad of SD rats ,isolation ,culture ,and identification the ADSCs through three differentiation method .Take 30 male SD rats about 6-7 weeks old randomly .Randomly selected 12 rats been take blood from heart .Preparation the PRP with modi-fied appel method .To count platelet of whole blood and PRP under microscope .Take the remaining rats .Divided the rat into 3 groups(n=6 in each group) randomly ,of which group A treatment with ADSCs and PRP ;Group B treatment with ADSCs ;Group C treatment whit PRP .Selected one side of skin defect wound for test randomly and the relative side skin defect is for control ,Handle all of the control wound to group D ;Observe the grow th of granulation tissue on the wound surface ;observe the inflammatory sur-rounding and the degree about epithelial .statistical analysis and record the wound size ,and calculation the shrinkage rate of wound in different periods .Record the time of completely healing time .Histologic observation of the wound healing tissue .Results Plate-let counting showed platelet of PRP is 5 .21 times than whole blood .The wound completely healed time :group A (18 .25 ± 1 .44 ) days ,group B(19 .13 ± 1 .28)days ,group C(19 .72 ± 0 .87)days ,group D(22 .31 ± 1 .65) days ,The time of each treatment group and control group was significantly obvious(P< 0 .05) .At 3 ,7 ,11 and 15 days after experimental treatment ,compared with the control group the experiment group of wound contraction rate was significantly obvious (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Application of AD-SCs with PRP can enhance the quality and shorten the wound healing time than used them alone .

In order to study the effects and the possible mechanisms of Daxx overexpressed in HepG2 to hydrogen peroxide treatment, and to search new targets for cancer chemotherapy, HepG2cells were transfected using lipofectamine 2000, and selected by treatment with G418. Stable cell lines were confirmed by reverse transeriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting vector gene. Experiments include the following groups: (1) control group (non-transfected cells); (2) transfected with empty vector (HepG2/GFP cells); and (3) transfected with pEGFP-C1-Daxx (HepG2/GFP-Daxx cells). After incubation with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 24 h, cellular viability was analyzed by MTT, and cellular apoptosis was measured by flow cytometric analysis. Gene expression at protein level was detected by Western blot. The RT-PCR results showed that Daxx RNA in cells transfected with pEGFP-C1-Daxx was increased significantly compared with that in the HepG2/GFP cells. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that Daxx protein was localized in the nuclei. Hydrogen peroxide was used to induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells and observed that the hydrogen peroxide decreased the viability of HepG2 cells in concentration-dependent pattern. The IC50 values in three groups (Normal cells, HepG2/GFP cells and HepG2/GFP-Daxx cells) were 0.72, 0.76, and 0.49 mmol/L respectively. The apoptotic ratio was significantly higher in HepG2/GFP-Daxx cells as compared to the other two groups. HepG2/GFP-Daxx cell incubated with hydrogen peroxide, showed a significant increase in the activation of caspase-3 and JNK as compare with the other groups. Over-expression of Daxx facilitated HepG2 cells apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, there may be a synergetic relation with apoptosis and increase of JNK activity.