OBJECTIVE:To establish a diazotize solution-spectrophotometry for the determination of bilirubin in zhenhuang oral liquid.METHODS:The solution to be determined was added with diazotize solution and the absorbability was detected at a detective wavelength of533nm.RESULTS:The calibration curve was linear for bilirubin at the range of1.07～8.56?g/ml(r=0.9999).The average recovery of loading sample was100.2%(RSD=0.73%).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,reproducible,cost-effective and suitable for the determination and quality control of bilirubin in zhenhuang oral liquid.

Type 2 diabetes(T2DM) is the collective result of insulin resistance in both muscle and liver andβ cell function failure. Traditional pharmaceutical therapy fails in ceasing progressive decline in β cell function. Bariatric surgery has been widely accepted as an efficient measure to treat diabetes. However, the prevalent standards mainly based on body mass index can not meet the demand for promoting remission rate. Related factors should be included in prediction of post-operative remission, like end-point setting, T2DM status, biochemical index, and operative method etc. The combination of these factors can be used to benefit more patients with diabetes.

Objective to investigate the emotional state and childhood trauma among users of amphetaminetype-stimulants under compulsory seclusion rehabilitation in Shaoxing.Methods A cross-sectional design was conducted on 140 users of ATS in Shaoxing compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation center,collecting general information using homemade questionnaires.Using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9),Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Mood Disorder Questionnaire(MDQ) to investigate the emotional state of users of ATS.The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was applied to explore the childhood trauma experiences of users of ATS.Results Among the 140 users of ATS,84 (60％) users had emotional problems,24 users (17.14％) of anxiety disorder,22 users (15.72％) of depression,27 users (19.28％) of depression and anxiety disorder.66 users (47.1％)experienced at least one childhood trauma.The most common childhood trauma is the physical neglect,60 users (42.9％),followed by emotional neglect in 23 users(16.4％),again sexual abuse in 18 users (12.9％),emotional abuse and physical abuse is relatively fewer.Conclusion Among users of ATS under compulsory seclusion rehabilitation,emotional problems is prevalent.Proper emotional intervention and treatment in users of ATS would promote their mental health,thereby reducing the re-use of ATS,better return to society life.

Objective To explore the effects of TMPRSS2 promoted suicide gene CD-5-FC combined with phytochemicals on the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cancer (PCa) specific cell-line 22RV1.Methods From March 2016 to October 2016 TMPRSS2-VISA-CD/UPRT'vector was used to deliver pro-drug 5-FC (5-Fluorocytosine) in to PCa specific cell-line 22RV1.Transfection effect was verified by Western-blotting.5-FC,5-FU (5-Fluorouracil) and four phytochemicals epigallocatechin gallate (ECGC),Genistein,Daidzein,and Equol were selected in this study.MTS assay was performed to select dosages,which can kill 10％-40％ of 22RV1 cells,from their pre-set drug concentrations,respectively.According to their select concentrations,either 5-FC plasmid or 5-FU in combination with one of four phytochemicals were added in 22RV1 cells in orders,and then cultured them together.Besides,these four phytochemicals were added in 22RV1 cells individually regarding their selecting concentrations and cultured at the same time.Cell viability was detected by MTS assay on 24hrs,48hrs and 72hrs.Comparing the cell killing rates between the combination groups and each single drug groups on cell-line 22RV1.Results TMPRSS2-VISA-CD/UPRT'plasmid with 5-FC was transfected on PCa specific cell-line 22RV1 successfully.The most obvious transfection occurred on 48hrs.The selected concentration of the pro-drug 5-FC were 83.32 μmol/L and 833.20 μmol/L,5-FU were 76.87 mol/L and 768.70 μmol/L.The concentrations of four phytochemical agents were 2.00 μmol/L,10.00 μmol/L and 20.00 μmol/L.In term of the cell killing numbers,results showed that the combination treatment of 83.32 μmol/L 5-FC/ 76.87μmol/L 5-FU and 10.00 μmol/L/20.00 μmol/L four phytochemicals compared with 10.00 μmol/L/20.00 μmol/L single treatment of four phytochemicals,respectively,there was no significant difference (P ＞0.05),while the combination treatment of 833.20 μmol/L 5-FC/768.70 μ mol/L 5-FU and 2.00 μmol/L/10.00 μmol/L four phytochemicals compared with 2.00 μ mol/L/10.00 μmol/L single treatment of four phytochemicals,respectively,there was a significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).In addition,this study proved that 83.32 μmol/L 5-FC and 76.87 μmol/L 5-FU,833.20 μmol/L 5-FC and 768.70 μmol/L 5-FU reached the same cell killing effect,and there was no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).Thus the suicide gene transfection was successful,and its function was the same as the effect of cytotoxic drugs.Conclusions This study has proved that this plasmid with 5-FC suicide gene system can be successfully and efficiently transfected into PCa cells 22RV1.As the pro-drug of 5-FU,5-FC got similar treatment effect with 5-FU,and inhibited cell proliferation.There was no synergistic reaction of enhancing cell apoptosis after combined phytochemical drugs EGCG,Genistein,Daidzen,Equol with suicide gene therapy on 22RV1 cell-line.

Choroidal thickness and its relevance with retinal disease has been widely studied in recent years,as choroid is an important source of retina blood supply.Diabetic retinopathy (DR) studies have been focused on retinal vascular injury and related circulatory disorders for a long time,however recent studies have found that choroidal blood vessels are also affected by diabetes,including the thickness changes.The choroidal thickness of diabetic patients is thinner than normal.There is no conclusive conclusion about choroidal thickness and the severity of DR lesions,as the choroid thickness results are determined by multiple factors,including diseases,ocular conditions (choroidal vascular status,ocular axial length,refractory errors and other eye parameters),systemic factors (age and sex) and measurement methods.Therefore,it is necessary to calibrate the ocular and extra-ocular factors affecting choroidal thickness when trying to further clarify the relationship between the choroidal thickness and DR.

Objective To investigate the effects of curcumin on UVB-induced elevation of cellular ROS level and cell death and to explore the involvement of transcription factor Nrf2.Methods Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were pretreated with or without curcumin then irradiated with UVB.The cell viability,cellular ROS level and protein levels of Nrf2 and HO1 were determined by MTT assay,DCFH fluorescence and Western blotting,respectively.These measurements were also performed in Nrf2 (-/-) MEFs.Results UVB irradiation elevated cellular ROS level and decreased cell viability of MEFs(t =16.65,15.89,P ＜ 0.05),while the curcumin pretreatment significantly attenuated the deleterious effects of UVB(t =11.88,3.77,P ＜ 0.05).UVB irradiation moderately increased the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO1 and activated JNK and ERK.The curcumin pretreatment led to more remarked elevation of Nrf2 and HO1 proteins,while inhibited UVB-activated JNK and ERK,but it had little effect on p38MAPK.In contrast,Nrf2 (-/-) MEFs showed significantly decrease in Nrf2 and HO1 expressions and were more susceptible to UVB-induced damages.Interestingly,the protective effects of curcumin were also greatly compromised in Nrf2 (-/-) MEFs (t =16.73,-8.23,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Curcumin can attenuate UVB-induced oxidative damages in MEFs by activating Nrf2 signaling.

OBJECTIVE:To provide basic industrial research and development recommendations for the supply-side structural reform in drug distribution in China. METHODS:Structure-conduct-performance(SCP)analysis paradigm from Harvard was used for in-depth study of market structure,business conduct and business performance in China since 2010. RESULTS:Since 2010, drug distribution industry in China had shown the scale of decline in the growth rate,low market concentration,increased barriers to entry,the leading of state-owned capital,etc. Though corporate mergers and acquisitions and public financing expanded the scale,management information,third-party logistics,Internet+and pharmacy alliance business model flourished,the industry op-erating performance was poor,state-owned enterprises showed poor performance. CONCLUSIONS:The transformation and upgrad-ing of the industry business model should be promoted by targetedly accelerating the supply-side structural reforms in the drug distri-bution industry,encouraging corporate finance mergers,breaking local protectionism,developing cooperative pharmacies and phar-maceutical third-party logistics alliances and leveraging the Internet.

Objective To explore clinical effect of surgical treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures via modified lateral L-shaped incision.Methods From January 2005 to October 2011,133patients (143 feet) with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures,including 125 males and 8 females,aged from 19 years to 65 years (average,43.2 years),underwent open reduction and internal fixation via modified lateral L-shaped incision.There were 56 cases of left calcaneal fractures,67 cases of right calcaneal fractures,and 10 cases of bilateral calcaneal fractures,and all of them were closed fracture.According to Sanders classification,15 feet were classified as type Ⅱ,107 type Ⅲ,and 21 type Ⅳ.The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale were used to access outcomes.Results One hundred and twenty five patients (135 feet) were followed up for 12 to 28 months (average,18.5months).All fractures healed after an average of 13 weeks (range,8-16 weeks).There were on nerve injury or osteomyelitis.Incision dehiscence occurred in 4 feet,which healed after removing the plate.Subtalar joint traumatic arthritis occurred in 17 feet,with walking pain.Collapse of articular surface occurred in 5 feet after weight-bearing.According to AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale,excellent result was got in 94 cases,good in 29 cases,fair in 14 cases,poor in 6 cases; and the excellent and good rate was 92.9％.Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation via modified lateral L-shaped incision for treating displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures can obtain satisfactory results,but the skilled surgical techniques are needed.

Objective To observe the ultrastructure of dimorphic Penicillium marneffeiisolates from wild bamboo rats (Rhizomys pruinosus) in Guangxi region as well as from a patient with penieilliosis marneffei,and to compare their biological characteristics and anti-oxidative mechanisms.Methods Two Penicillium marneffei strains,including one isolated from wild bamboo rats (Rhizomys pruinosus) in Guangxi region and one from a patient with penicilliosis marneffei,were cultured with or without the presence of 2.0 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide in potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25 ℃ and in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth at 37℃ for seven days.The shape of colony and growth of both strains were observed.Light microscopy was carried out to study the morphology,and transmission electron microscopy to observe the ultrastructure,of both isolates.Results Ater incubation with hydrogen peroxide,there was a slowdown in the growth of both Penicillium marneffei isolates at both mycelial phase and yeast phase,with an increase in the production of pigment at mycelial phase at 25℃.No obvious changes were observed at 37 ℃ in the morphology of either the clinical isolate or the bamboo rat isolate when cultured with hydrogen peroxide compared with those cultured without hydrogen peroxide.Light microscopy showed attenuated spore formation by the clinical isolate when cultured at 25 ℃ with hydrogen peroxide,crenation of both isolates when cultured at 37 ℃ with hydrogen peroxide.Under a transmission electron microscope,the mycelial cells of both isolates exhibited smooth cell walls,intact cell membranes,with nuclei,mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum,lipid body,vacuoles of various sizes in the cytoplasm at 25 ℃,and even microbodies at 37 ℃,when cultured without the presence of hydrogen peroxide.After incubation with hydrogen peroxide,the cell wall of both isolates became incomplete with defects in some areas and uneven thickness,the cell membrane discontinuous with shrinkages and projections,and the cytoplasm was inhomogeneous with obvious phagocytosis and numerous phagocytic vacuoles.Conclusions The clinical and bamboo rat isolates of Penicillium marneffei experience different biological and morphological changes under oxidative stress,hinting differences in antioxidative mechanism between them.

Objective To establish an evaluation index system for access to ophthalmic surgery so as to standardize the access. Method Collect 14 ophthalmologists' recommendations on access criteria for ophthalmic surgery in two rounds of questionnaire survey by Delphi method. Results The return rate of rounds of consultation questionnaire was 93.33%, and the average expert authority coefficient was 0.78.Nine ophthalmic surgery access indicators were established. The coordination of expert coefficient was 0.521 after two consultation. It had significant difference ( P＜0.01 ). Conclusion The ophthalmic surgery access indicator system is highly credible and allows quantitative assessment of ophthalmic surgery from various aspects. It is more demanding for ophthalmologist, and gets more involvement of patients in the evaluation of ophthalmic surgery access. It could contribute to scientific and rational decision-making on access for ophthalmic surgery.