INTRODUCTION: The survival rate for childhood cancer has increased with advances in medical care. Along with this comes the growing burden of long-term side effects of cancer treatment and cancer survivorship. Childhood cancer survivors are more likely to be sedentary and have a lower quality of life. Physical activity (PA) can promote health and well-being in childhood cancer survivors, but few studies have explored the role of parents of childhood cancer survivors (PCCS) in promoting PA. This qualitative study aims to explore the perceptions of PCCS in Singapore and the role they may have with regard to PA. METHODS: Participants were recruited through a local charity via email, social media and posters. One-hour semi-structured interviews were conducted online with seven parents. With consent, the interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Our study discussed thematically parents' accounts on (1) the barriers and enablers of PA and (2) the complications of cancer that potentially affect the levels of PA in childhood cancer survivors. Parents reported that childhood cancer negatively affects the quality of life and participation in PA. The determinants of participation in PA were multifaceted, and socioecological and health belief models were used to demonstrate how these factors were interlinked. CONCLUSION Participation in PA is influenced at an individual, family, community and societal level. The improved understanding facilitated by this research can be used to shape paediatric cancer care practices in Singapore and guide institutional or national policy interventions.
Humans ; Singapore ; Parents/psychology* ; Cancer Survivors/psychology* ; Qualitative Research ; Female ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Exercise ; Child ; Adult ; Neoplasms ; Adolescent ; Perception ; Middle Aged ; Interviews as Topic

Intractable hemorrhagic cystitis is an uncommon but significant treatment complication of concurrent chemoradiation therapy for cervical cancer. Alum instillation is regarded as a safe and effective option for its treatment. This case presentation will discuss a patient who presented with postradiation cystitis and was treated with alum irrigation. The aim of this report is to offer alum irrigation as a management option for intractable hematuria.
Cancer Survivors

Humans ; Female ; Prevalence ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cancer Survivors ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Liver

PURPOSE: The partners of cancer patients commonly provide the needs of cancer patients along cancer trajectory except for patients with gynecological cancer. In developing countries including Indonesia, who have strong family bonding, the family of cancer patients are involved more intensely in providing cancer care. This situation may bring the cancer patients' families experience the burden and decrease their quality of life. Therefore, assessing the family's supportive needs are as important as patient supportive needs. There are more gynecological cancer survivors in Indonesia; however, little is recognized about partners' supportive needs due to lack of validated assessment tools to measure it. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapted and test the validity and reliability of the CaSPUN questionnaire among partner of Indonesia gynecological cancer patients. DESIGN: First, the procedures of forward-backward translation and modification of the CaSPUN were conducted to ensure cultural adaptation. Second, using convenience sampling with 295 partners of gynecological cancer patients, we tested the construct validity and internal consistency of the CaSPUN-Indonesia Version (CaSPUN-I). We conducted Exploratory Factor Analysis to explore the factor structure of CaSPUN-I and Cronbach Alpha to confirm internal consistency reliability. RESULTS: The CaSPUN were modified to make more understandable and culturally appropriate in the Indonesian context. Five factors were extracted from EFA in the CaSPUN-I with factor loadings of items between 0.41 and 0.85. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the CaSPUN-I ranged from 0.96-0.97. CONCLUSION: The CaSPUN Indonesia version presents acceptable validity and reliability for assessing supportive care needs among families of Indonesian gynecological cancer patients. The CaSPUN-I can be used by healthcare providers to assess and design the supportive care program for family of Indonesia gynecological cancer patients.
Cancer Survivors ; Needs Assessment ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Indonesia

BACKGROUND: The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) and NELSON trial showed that low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) screening significantly reduced the mortality form lung cancer. Although cancer survivors are known to have high risk for second malignant neoplasm (SMN), the usefulness of LDCT screening for lung cancer in cancer survivors is not clear. METHODS: Between August 2016 and August 2017, 633 long-term colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors visited the survivorship clinic in Cancer Prevention Center, Yonsei Cancer Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea. We surveyed the smoking status and recommended LDCT screening to ever-smoking CRC survivors aged 55–80 years. The participants were classified into three risk groups: risk group 1 (RG1) who met the NLST criteria (Age 55–74 years, ≥ 30 pack-years of smoking, smoking cessation < 15 years); risk group 2 (RG2) who would not meet the NLST criteria but were at increased 6-year risk of lung cancer (PLCOM2012 ≥ 0.0151); risk group 3 (RG3) who did not meet any of the criteria above. RESULTS: Among 176 ever-smoking CRC survivors, 173 (98.3%) were male, 32 (18.2%) were current-smoker, and median age was 66 years (range, 55–79 years). We found 38 positive findings (non-calcified nodule ≥ 4 mm), 8 clinically significant findings, 66 minor abnormalities, and 64 negative findings on LDCT. Positive findings were identified in 15 of 79 (19.0%) of RG1, in 9 of 36 (25%) of RG2, and in 14 of 61 (23.0%) of RG3. Second primary lung cancers were found in 2 patients of RG2, and in 1 patient of RG3. SMN was most frequently found in RG2 (11 of 36 patients, 30.6%), compared with RG1 (12.7%) or RG3 (9.8%) (P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: LDCT screening for lung cancer in Korean CRC survivors is feasible. Well-designed clinical trial for defining high risk patients for lung cancer among CRC survivors is needed.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Mortality ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; Republic of Korea ; Seoul ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Smoking Cessation ; Survival Rate ; Survivors ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Cancer survivors are at a higher risk of primary cancer recurrence and development of second primary cancer. In both cases, early disease detection is crucial. This cross-sectional study assessed cancer screening participation rates according to cancer history. METHODS: Data were obtained from the 2010–2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 12,500 participants. Of these, 624 cancer survivors were enrolled in this study. Sampling weights were applied to maintain the representativeness of the Korean adult population. RESULTS: Overall 2-year cancer screening rates prior to the survey in male and female cancer survivors were 59.9% and 73.7%, respectively, while opportunistic cancer screening rates were 33.5% and 52.1%, respectively. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of the overall cancer screening among the cancer survivors, compared to others, were 1.16 (0.79–1.72) in male and 1.78 (1.20–2.63) in female participants, after the adjustment for confounding variables. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for opportunistic cancer screening and National Cancer Screening Program among cancer survivors were 1.56 (1.07–2.27) and 0.80 (0.53–1.21) in males and 2.05 (1.46–2.88) and 0.66 (0.46–0.95) in females. CONCLUSION: Female cancer survivors showed a higher rate of overall and opportunistic cancer screening than did the male cancer survivors. Further efforts are required to improve cancer screening among male cancer survivors.
Adult ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diagnosis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Recurrence ; Survivors ; Weights and Measures

With the early detection of cancer and improvement in cancer therapy, the number of cancer survivors is rapidly increasing. This number is expected to reach 2 million by the end of 2019. Cancer survivors struggle with not only cancer-related health problems but also diverse acute and chronic diseases. These health issues make cancer survivorship more complex, and proper care coordination is necessary. This study aimed to summarize the definition of cancer experience and management of cancer survivors, specifically focused on gastric, colorectal, lung, breast, thyroid, prostate, and cervical cancers. Furthermore, it aimed to discuss the role of primary care in cancer survivorship and survivorship care models and the National Policy for Cancer Survivors and Future Challenges.
Breast ; Chronic Disease ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Lung ; Primary Health Care ; Prostate ; Survival Rate ; Survivors ; Thyroid Gland

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to identify and compare the characteristics of cancer patients and cancer survivors. METHODS: This study used data from the Korea National and Health Nutrition Examination Survey (2010~2015), conducted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. This study included 455 cancer patients and 567 cancer survivors. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-tests, and χ2. RESULTS: Cancer survivors were less compliant compared to cancer patients in drinking frequency (χ2=13.12, p ≤.001), drinking volume (χ2=13.35, p=.001) and cancer screening tests (χ2=4.79, p=.029). Cancer patients showed higher body weight change compared to cancer survivors (χ2=7.37, p=.025). There was no difference in quality of life (QoL) between the two groups (t=1.38, p=.169). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that cancer survivors have poor living habits and no improvement in QoL compared to cancer patients. Oncology nurses should pay attention to cancer survivors compliance of living habits to prevent secondary cancer and to improve their QoL.
Body Weight Changes ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Compliance ; Drinking ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Quality of Life ; Survivors*

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide and poses a major threat to public health. Cancer incidence and death rates have increased in most countries since 1990. Therefore, the importance of systematic measures within the public health system, such as special hospitals for cancer patients, has been emphasized. Korea has established a 10-year plan to treat cancer patients and has implemented national cancer control policies (the 10-Year Plan for National Cancer Control) over the past 20 years, and these policies have resulted in dramatic breakthroughs in cancer survival. However, by focusing on the visible outcomes of cancer control, these policies have not shown adequate results in terms of building an integrated support system to improve the quality of life of cancer survivors or terminal cancer patients. In the future, the government should strive to build a comprehensive cancer management system that incorporates multipurpose integrated support measures, such as multidisciplinary, palliative, and hospice care.
Cancer Care Facilities ; Hospice Care ; Hospitals, Special ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Mortality ; Palliative Care ; Public Health ; Quality of Life ; Survivors

: One of the most feared complications of childhood cancer treatment is second malignant neoplasms (SMNs). This study evaluates the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of SMNs in a tertiary paediatric oncology centre in Singapore.: A retrospective review was conducted on patients diagnosed with childhood cancer under age 21 and treated at the National University Hospital, Singapore, from January 1990 to 15 April 2012. Case records of patients with SMNs were reviewed.: We identified 1124 cases of childhood cancers with a median follow-up of 3.49 (0 to 24.06) years. The most common primary malignancies were leukaemia (47.1%), central nervous system tumours (11.7%) and lymphoma (9.8%). Fifteen cases developed SMNs, most commonly acute myeloid leukaemia/myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 7). Median interval between the first and second malignancy was 3.41 (0.24 to 18.30) years. Overall 20-year cumulative incidence of SMNs was 5.3% (95% CI, 0.2% to 10.4%). The 15-year cumulative incidence of SMNs following acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was 4.4% (95% CI, 0% to 8.9%), significantly lower than the risk after osteosarcoma of 14.2% (95% CI, 0.7% to 27.7%) within 5 years (<0.0005). Overall 5-year survival for SMNs was lower than that of primary malignancies.: This study identified factors explaining the epidemiology of SMNs described, and found topoisomerase II inhibitor use to be a likely risk factor in our cohort. Modifications have already been made to our existing therapeutic protocols in osteosarcoma treatment. We also recognised the importance of other risk management strategies, including regular long-term surveillance and early intervention for detected SMNs, to improve outcomes of high risk patients.
Bone Neoplasms ; therapy ; Cancer Care Facilities ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Leukemia ; therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; epidemiology ; Lymphoma ; therapy ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; epidemiology ; Neoplasms ; therapy ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; epidemiology ; Osteosarcoma ; therapy ; Pediatrics ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Survivors ; statistics & numerical data ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Time Factors ; Topoisomerase II Inhibitors ; therapeutic use