1.New Insight on Tumor Microenvironment Remodelling and Augmented Therapeutic Efficacy of Immunotherapy by Radiotherapy
Qiang ZHANG ; Shaoya WU ; Jing ZHANG
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment 2021;48(1):1-6
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-based tumor immunotherapy has changed the traditional cancer treatment. However, ICI treatment benefits small percentage of patients in most types of cancer (10%-30%), and is basically ineffective in some cancers (such as pancreatic cancer and glioma). Combining ICIs with existing and potential therapies to overcome tumor innate and acquired resistance is of great significance for improving the treatment efficacy, increasing the durability of the therapeutic effect and prolonging patients' survival. Radiotherapy can not only kill tumor cells, but also cause the release of pro-inflammatory molecules and immune cell infiltration in tumors. In addition, radiotherapy can induce micronuclei in tumor cells, thereby activating cytosolic DNA/RNA sensors, the most important of which is the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-STING pathway. Radiotherapy can also regulate immune surveillance through the expression of tumor neoantigens. In this review, we will discuss in depth the immunomodulatory effect of radiotherapy on the tumor microenvironment and its combination with ICI as a potential cancer treatment, and focus on the effects of radiotherapy on non-tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment, including dendritic cells, T cell infiltration, as well as myeloid-derived suppressor cells.
2.Research Progress on Antitumor Mechanism of Apatinib
Lingying ZHAO ; Wenqing ZHANG ; Cunxi LI ; Tianhui HU
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment 2021;48(1):7-11
In recent years, antiangiogenic drugs based on VEGF and VEGFRs signaling pathway have been widely used in the treatment of malignant tumors. Apatinib is an orally bioavailable small-molecule antiangiogenic agent and can specifically inhibit the tyrosine kinase activity of VEGFR, thereby inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. Apatinib is the first-level recommendation of third-line treatment of gastric cancer in CSCO Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer published in 2018. Apatinib has been proved to be effective and safe in gastric, lung and breast cancers. In addition, the drug shows great potential in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. This article reviews the recent progress on the mechanism, clinical efficacy, related efficacy predictors of apatinib and its combination with other antitumor drugs.
3.MiR-128-3p Regulates Proliferation, Migration and Apoptosis of Glioblastoma Multiforme by Targeting HOXA5
Jipeng YANG ; Xiang QIU ; Chen LI ; Jiankai YANG ; Hongjiang LIU ; Baohua JIAO
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment 2021;48(1):12-18
Objective To investigate the reasons of HOXA5 overexpression in GBM and the molecular mechanism of miR-128-3p regulating the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of glioblastoma multiforme. Methods After increasing and decreasing miR-128-3p expression in U87 cell lines by lentivirus transfection, the changes of HOXA5 expression were detected by Western blot, to explore the correlation between miR-128-3p and HOXA5 in GBM. The dual-luciferase reporter tests were performed to detect the target interaction of miR-128-3p with HOXA5. Through CCK-8 test, Transwell test, flow cytometric assay and tumor cell xenograft in nude mice, we verified molecular mechanism of miR-128-3p regulating the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of GBM
4.Synergistic Antitumor Activity and Mechanism of Lapatinib and Paclitaxel in Esophageal Cancer Cells
Tao CHEN ; Xiongwei LI ; Xiaodong SUN
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment 2021;48(1):19-23
Objective To investigate the anti-tumor activity and mechanism of lapatinib, paclitaxel and their combination on esophageal cancer cells EC109. Methods MTT assay was used to detect the effects of lapatinib (1, 2, 4, 8 μmol/L), paclitaxel (5, 10, 20, 40 μg/L) and their combination on the proliferation of esophageal cancer cells EC109. We tested the effects of 2 μmol/L lapatinib, 10 μg/L paclitaxel and their combination on the invasion, cell cycle, apoptosis and EGFR, HER2 and downstream signaling pathways of EC109 cells. Results Lapatinib combined with paclitaxel synergistically inhibited the proliferation of EC109 cells, and the combined action index was greater than 1.15. The number of invaded cells in the combination group (62.0±9.5) was significantly less than those in the lapatinib group (152.4±16.1) and the paclitaxel group (103.6±12.7) (
5.Specificity and Targeting of Optical Molecular Probe FITC-CSPLNTRFC on Breast Cancer Cells Bcap-37
Chao GUO ; Qi ZUO ; Xiaofeng YANG ; Fan ZHANG
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment 2021;48(1):24-30
Objective To investigate the specificity and targeting abilities of FITC-CSPLNTRFC peptide FITC-BCSP1 optical molecular probe on breast cancer cells Bcap-37. Methods Probe FITC-BCSP1 and negative control probe FITC-svBCSP1 were prepared by solid phase synthesis. MTT assay was used to determine the toxicity of the two probes on breast cancer cells Bcap-37. The specificity of the binding of FITC-BCSP1 probe to Bcap-37 cells was identified by flow cytometry and fluorescent inversed microscopy. The specificity and targeting abilities of FITC-BCSP1 probe for transplantation tumor in Bcap-37 cells tumor-bearing nude mice model were tested by optical molecular imager. Results The purity of the synthesized probe was more than 98%, identified by mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. FITC-BCSP1 and FITC-svBCSP1 probes had no effect on proliferation and activity of Bcap-37 cells at the concentrations of 50-300 mol/L (IR%≤30%). FCM results showed that the percentage of FITC-BCSP1-labeled cells in Bcap-37 cells was significantly higher than that in other cells (all
6.Prognostic Analysis and Risk Prediction Model Establishment of Extremity Osteosarcoma Based on Vasculogenic Mimicry-related Molecule MIG-7
Ke REN ; Nan YAO ; Sujia WU ; Xin SHI ; Chao LI ; Jun LU
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment 2021;48(1):31-37
Objective To investigate the relation between vasculogenic mimicry (VM) and MIG-7 in osteosarcoma, as well as their roles in the prognosis, and to establish a model for predicting the prognosis of osteosarcoma. Methods VM was identified by CD31/PAS double-staining in 156 cases of AJCC stage Ⅱ extremity osteosarcoma. Tumor samples were also immunohistochemically stained for MIG-7 to determine whether it was associated with the occurrence of VM. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify prognostic factors and a prognostic nomogram for predicting 3- and 5-year OS and MFS was constructed. C-index and calibration curves were used to verify the predictive accuracy of the model. Results The MIG-7 expression in osteosarcoma tissues was associated with VM formation, but MIG-7 expression was not associated with gender, age, AJCCⅡA/ⅡB stage, tumor location, surgical type or histological response to pre-operative chemotherapy. Survival analysis showed that MIG-7 expression, VM and pre-operative chemotherapy were identified as three independent prognostic factors. The value of C-index in nomogram was greater than 0.7. The predicted calibration curve was similar to the standard curve. Conclusion MIG-7 accelerates the progression of osteosarcoma by promoting VM formation, and may also affect prognosis through other mechanisms. The nomogram could afford accurate prognosis prediction and individualized diagnosis and treatment for osteosarcoma patients.
7.Diagnostic Value of Bcl-2, miR-451 and Th17 Cells in Esophageal Cancer and Their Relation with Recurrence
Lianlian CHEN ; Chunkai ZHU ; Peiming ZHENG
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment 2021;48(1):38-42
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of Bcl-2, miR-451 and Th17 cells in esophageal cancer and their relation with recurrence. Methods We selected 101 patients with esophageal cancer as the experimental group and 95 healthy patients as the control group. The correlation between the clinicopathological characteristics and the level of each peripheral blood index was analyzed. The ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of each peripheral blood index. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the relation between each index and tumor recurrence. Results Peripheral blood Bcl-2, miR-451 and Th17 cells in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (all
8.Expression of Circular RNA Hsa_circ_0026352 in Breast Cancer and Its Clinical Significance
Xu ZHANG ; Fang MA ; Wei NA ; Xiaohan LI ; Qi HUANG ; Jingjing YU ; Jia WANG ; Libin WANG
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment 2021;48(1):43-48
Objective To investigate the correlation between the expression of Hsa_circ_0026352 and the clinical characteristics of breast cancer(BC) patients, to evaluate the value of Hsa_circ_0026352 as a diagnostic marker of breast cancer. Methods Human circRNA microarray was used to screen the different expression of circRNAs in BC tissues. qRT-PCR was used to verify the expression of Hsa_circ_0026352 in BC tissue and peripheral blood. CircRNA structure were performed by circPrimer1.2 software. T-test, ANOVA analysis, curve regression analysis and ROC curve analysis were performed to determine the diagnostic values of Hsa_circ_0026352. Results Hsa_circ_0026352 was significantly down-regulated in both breast cancer tissues and peripheral blood (
9.Prognosis Analysis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Diameter over 7.0 cm Based on SEER Database
Tingting FENG ; Zhongzhong CHEN ; Wenjin YAN ; Yuxiu WANG ; Jun ZHANG ; Xingxiang XU ; Yong CHEN ; Junjun YANG ; Lingfeng MIN
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment 2021;48(1):49-54
Objective To analyze the mortality risk and evaluate the curative effects of surgery and non-surgery on NSCLC with diameter > 7.0 cm. Methods We collected the data of NSCLC patients with diameter > 7.0 cm from 2010 to 2015 from the SEER database. The 1, 2, 3-year survival rates were analyzed by life table method. Overall survival curve was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze the independent prognostic factors. Results The 1, 2, 3-year survival rates were 51.8%, 33.0% and 25.0%, respectively. In univariate and multivariate analyses, tumor size, N stage and treatment were the independent prognostic factors (
10.A Neural Network Model Based on Enhanced CT for Distinguishing ISUP Grade of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Dong HAN ; Xirong ZHANG ; Yongjun JIA ; Ge REN ; Ruihua LYU ; Linna SHI ; Taiping HE
Cancer Research on Prevention and Treatment 2021;48(1):55-59
Objective To establish a neural network model based on enhanced CT for distinguishing ISUP grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods We collected 131 cases of ccRCC, with 92 cases of low ISUP grade and 39 cases of high ISUP grade. Patients were divided into training set and validation set according to 5:5 stratified sampling. The enhanced CT images of each ccRCC patient were evaluated by the radiologist. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) was used to reduce the dimension of patients' general features and enhanced CT features, which was used for neural network modeling and validation. Results Patients' general features and enhanced CT features were verified by RFE method and then reduced to 14 features. The top 5 features were growth pattern, necrosis, enlargement of lymph nodes, tumor size and capsule. The AUC of the neural network model based on these 5 features in training set was 0.8844 (95%