Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an important malignancy. Surgery is the earliest treatment and still the main strategy for lung cancer at present. Recently, significant progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, covering new theories, knowledge, and methods that urgently require the attention and learning of surgeons. Only by following the new situation and strategies of oncology and making corresponding changes can surgical techniques be perfectly combined with the new developments in oncology, avoiding over-diagnosis/underdiagnosis and over-treatment/undertreatment of lung cancer, and ultimately creating new achievements for patients' long-term cure.

The occurrence of gastric cancer is closely related to environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Currently, RNA modification is a research frontier and hotspot in the field of epigenetics. With the advancements in analytical chemistry and high-throughput sequencing technologies, new technologies and methods of exploring RNA modification are constantly being presented. Numerous studies have confirmed the involvement of RNA modifications in the occurrence and development of various diseases. Recent studies have shown that RNA modifications such as m6A, m5C, and ac4C regulate the malignant progression of various tumors, including gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, and leukemia. This article systematically reviews the research status and mechanism of different RNA modifications in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, as well as discusses its potential value in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

Objective To explore the regulative effect of α-Hederin on the proliferation and invasion of NSCLC and investigate its related molecular mechanism. Methods After A549 and HCC-1833 cells were treated with a concentration gradient of α-Hederin for 24 and 48 h, the OD_450nm was detected by using CCK8 assays, and the IC₅₀ was calculated.The A549 and HCC-1833 cells were divided into the blank control and α-Hederin groups in accordance with IC₅₀ values.Cell proliferation was detected by EdU assays, and cell cycle transformation and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry.Cell mobility was detected by using Transwell and scratch assays.SREBP1 and FASN protein expression levels were detected through Western blot analysis, and cell lipid accumulation was detected via oil red O staining. Results The survival rate of lung cancer cells decreased significantly with the increase of α-Hederin concentration, and the IC₅₀ values of A549 and HCC-1833 cells at 48 h were 15 and 25 μg/ml, respectively.Compared with the blank control group, cells proliferation and migration were significantly inhibited, cells were blocked in the G₁/S phase, the apoptosis rate increased, and the protein expression and lipid accumulation of SREBP1/FASN significantly reduced after α-Hederin treatment. Conclusion α-Hederin can inhibit the proliferation and migration, G₁/S phase transition and induce the apoptosis of NSCLC cells and hinder the malignant progression of NSCLC by downregulating the expression of SREBP1 and FASN and reducing the accumulation of cell lipids.

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of berberine (BBR) on the lung metastasis of mouse breast cancer via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Methods CCK-8 and Transwell migration assays were utilized to investigate the proliferation and migration properties of breast cancer 4T1 cells after BBR treatment.Mouse 4T1-Luc cells were injected into mice under the fourth mammary fat pad, and the mice were then randomly divided into the control and BBR groups.The mice in the BBR group received daily intraperitoneal injections of BBR working solution and those in the control group were continuously intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of the solvent used to dissolve BBR powder.Tumor metastasis in the lungs of living mice was detected by using an in vivo imaging system.After 42 days of administration, lung metastasis was measured via microscopy and HE staining.Western blot analysis was used to examine the effects of BBR on the expression of EMT-related proteins (Vimentin and Snail) as well as the activation of the Akt and ERK signaling pathways. Results BBR significantly promoted 4T1 cell migration (P < 0.05).In vivo experiments showed that the number of lung metastases in the BBR group had significantly increased compared with that in control group (P < 0.05) as observed under microcopy and histological staining.Compared with the control group, BBR upregulated the expression levels of Vimentin and Snail as well as the phosphorylated levels of p-Akt and p-ERK (P < 0.05). Conclusion BBR may promote EMT and lung metastasis of breast cancer 4T1 cells by activating the expression of proteins in the p-Akt and p-ERK pathways.

Objective To observe the effects of amarogentinon liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) after insufficient thermal ablation and its mechanism. Methods A insufficient thermal ablation model of HepG2 cells was established by water bath method.The percentage of CD133-positive LCSCs and the mRNA and protein levels of CD133 were detected by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and Western blot.The insufficient thermal ablation model of HepG2 cells was treated with variable doses of amarogentin for 24 h; the percentage of CD133-positive LCSCs, the proliferation and apoptosis of liver cancer cells, and the mRNA and protein levels of CD133, TBC1D15, and p53were detected by flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results The percentage of CD133-positive HepG2 cells and the mRNA and protein levels of CD133 and TBC1D15in the insufficient thermal ablation model were significantly higher than those in the normal HepG2 cells.Amarogentin then markedly decreased the percentage of CD133-positive LCSCs, the proliferation rate of HepG2 cells, and the mRNA and protein levels of CD133 and TBC1D15 in the insufficient thermal ablationresidual model (all P < 0.05);inversely, the apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells and the phosphorylated levels of p53 in the insufficient thermal ablation model were significantly increased (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Amarogentin could reduce the proportion of LCSCs after insufficient thermal ablation, inhibit the proliferation, and promote the apoptosis of LCSCs, which maybe associated with increasing the phosphorylation of p53 and inhibiting the expression of TBC1D15.

Objective To investigate the effect of TES gene on the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5-8F cells. Methods Specimens of 5-8F cells (unprocessed group) and 5-8F cells with high TES expression (TES group) were irradiated at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy radiation dose points.Cell clone formation experiment was conducted to draw the survival curve.Twenty-four BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into four groups: nontransfection group, TES group, irradiation group, and TES irradiation group.A nude mouse model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5-8F cells was established.The length and diameter of the transplanted tumor were measured every three days, the tumor volume was calculated, and the growth curve of the transplanted tumor was drawn.After the mice were killed one month later, the tumor block was taken and weighed.The apoptosis of the transplanted tumor cells in each group was detected by flow cytometry. Results Compared with that in the unprocessed group, the survival rate of cells in the TES group was significantly lower (P < 0.01).The tumor growth rate and tumor mass of all four groups decreased in turn, while the apoptosis rate increased in turn.The TES irradiation group had the slowest tumor growth rate, greatest decrease in tumor weight, and highest apoptosis rate among the four groups.Multiple comparison revealed statistically significant differences between the groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The testin gene can effectively improve the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5-8F cells cultured in vitro.

Objective To investigate the correlation of peripheral blood lymphocyte, T-cell, Th-cell, and Ts-cell counts with the development of checkpoint-inhibitor-related pneumonitis in NSCLC. Methods The clinical data of 85 patients with NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were retrospectively analyzed.Paired t-test was used to analyze lymphocyte changes.ROC curves were utilized to analyze predictive performance.The Spearman correlation coefficient test was conducted to analyze the linear relationship between lymphocyte changes and CIP grade. Results A statistically significant decrease in lymphocyte, T-cell, Th-cell, and Ts-cell counts from the baseline was observed in patients at the onset of CIP (P < 0.05), whereas no such change was observed in the control group.ROC curve analysis revealed AUCs of 0.867, 0.843, 0.865, and 0.843 for lymphocyte, T-cell, Th-cell, and Ts-cell counts, respectively.A linear relationship was found between the percentage decrease in lymphocyte, T-cell, and Ts-cell counts from the baseline and the severity of CIP (P < 0.05). Conclusion Decreased lymphocyte, T-cell, Th-cell, and Ts-cell counts have a predictive value for the development of CIP, and the lymphocyte count change has the greatest predictive value.The percentage decrease in lymphocyte, T-cell, and Ts-cell counts from the baseline is correlated with the severity of CIP.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between traditional laparoscopic surgery and laparoscopic surgery under the guidance of membrane anatomy with complete mesangectomy in the treatment of rectal cancer. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 60 patients with rectal cancer who were randomly divided into control group (n=30) and observation group (n=30) in accordance with the principle of randomization.The control group received traditional laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer, and the observation group received laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer under the guidance of membrane anatomy with complete mesangectomy.The different clinical application effects of the two groups were analyzed by comparing the general data, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative rehabilitation. Results All the 60 patients underwent the laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer.No operation-related complications, conversion to laparotomy, or perioperative death cases were reported.No statistically significant differences in age, gender, operation time, postoperative exhaust time, drainage tube removal time, or postoperative complications were found between the two groups (all P > 0.05).Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly less intraoperative blood loss and more lymph node dissected (P < 0.05). Conclusion Laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer guided by the membrane anatomy with complete mesangectomy can completely remove the mesorectum, enlarge and clear the surgical field, reduce intraoperative bleeding, thoroughly remove lymph nodes, and improve the quality of surgery.

Objective To compare the efficacy, safety, and survivability of TCbHP versus AC-THP in the neoadjuvant therapy of HER2-positive breast cancer in real-world. Methods Clinical data of patients with HER2 positive breast cancer, who have received TCbHP or AC-THP as neoadjuvant therapy and completed surgery in 11 third-class hospitals in various cities of Hebei Province, were retrospectively collected.The total pathological complete remission (tpCR) rate, the incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse reactions and the completion rate of the given approaches were compared. Results A total of 110 cases were collected, including 78 cases in the TCbHP group and 32 cases in the AC-THP group.The tpCR rate of the TCbHP group was higher than that of the AC-THP group, but the difference was not statistically significant (64.10% vs. 56.25%, P=0.441).No significant difference was found in the breast pathologic complete response (bpCR) and axillary pathologic complete response (apCR) rates between the TCbHP group and the AC-THP group (70.51% vs. 56.25%, P=0.150;78.21% vs. 84.38%, P=0.462).Exploratory analysis revealed that the tpCR rate of the TCbHP group was significantly higher than that of the AC-THP group in patients with HR-positive breast cancer (51.11% vs. 22.22%, P=0.036).As for the patients with HR-negative breast cancer, the tpCR rate of the AC-THP group tended to be higher than that of the TCbHP group (100% vs. 81.82%, P=0.088).The incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse reactions in the TCbHP group was slightly higher than that in the AC-THP group (12.82% vs. 9.38%, P=0.753).No deaths occurred in the whole group.Moreover, no significant difference was observed in the completion rate of the given approaches between the TCbHP group and the AC-THP group (92.31% vs. 90.63%, P=0.718). Conclusion In real-world clinical practice, the neoadjuvant therapy of TCbHP and AC-THP are effective, safe, and well tolerated among patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.The tpCR rate between the two approaches was not significantly different.The AC-THP regimen could also be considered as one of the optimal regimens for HER2-positive breast cancer in neoadjuvant therapy.

Objective To analyze the trend of lung cancer death rate in China from 2006 to 2020 to provide reference for the prevention of lung cancer. Methods The data of Chinese lung cancer deaths from 2006 to 2020 were collected from the health statistical yearbook.The age-period-cohort model and intrinsic estimator algorithm were used to evaluate the age, period, and birth cohort effect of lung cancer deaths. Results The overall lung cancer mortality of Chinese residents showed an upward trend from 2006 to 2020.The age effect of lung cancer death risk increased with age, and the period effect continued to increase with age.The cohort effect showed that the lung cancer death risk of residents born after 1924 showed a downward trend. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of lung cancer in urban and rural residents aged 50 and above and the treatment of high-risk factors of lung cancer must be continuously strengthened.The period effect on lung cancer should be further explored, and the early intervention of young cohort should be given attention.