Objective To investigate the effect of AP-2α on the chemoresistance to oxaliplatin of colorectal carcinoma cell and its related mechanism.Methods Plasmid of GV102-AP-2α-RNAi (experimental group) and control plasmid GV102-NC (negative control group) were transfected into HCT-116 using Lipofectamine 2000 respectively.The AP-2α expression levels of mRNA and protein of experimental group,control group and HCT-116 blank group were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Cell proliferation assay was performed using the CCK-8 and the apoptosis assays were preformed with Annexin V-PE Apoptosis Kit.Results The AP-2α expression levels of mRNA and protein both decreased after transfection of AP-2α-RNAi plasmid,moreover,the effect produced by subsequence 1 was the most significant.After treatment by oxaliplatin,AP-2α protein levels increased with time while mRNA did not change significantly.Western blot results suggested that the level of AP-2α protein in experimental group which was maintained in oxaliplatin was lower than the negative control group.CCK-8 results suggested that cell proliferation ability was significantly higher for the experimental group maintained in oxaliplatin [(88±3) ％] than the negative control group maintained in oxaliplatin [(57±3) ％] and the blank group maintained in oxaliplatin [(73t4) ％].Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of the experimental group maintained in oxaliplatin [(15.07±1.20) ％] was lower than the control group maintained in oxaliplatin [(24.93±0.90) ％] and the blank group maintained in oxaliplatin [(23.71±1.32) ％].Conclusion AP-2α may be related to the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to oxaliplatin.

Objective To explore the factors related to the prognosis and survival duration of primary liver cancer patients after hepatectomy.Methods The data of primary liver cancer patientswho were treated by surgical resection were analyzed retrospectively.Kaplain-Meier method was used to evaluate survival rates.Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were used to screen out related clinical phathology factors.Results The median survival time was eighteen months.Univarivate analysis showed that liver function Child-Pugh classification,cirrhosis,tumor size,HBV infection,AFP,portal vein tumor thrombus significantly correlated with survival rates (P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that liver function Child-Pugh classification,tumor size,AFP and portal vein tumor thrombus were the independent prognostic factors of primary liver cancer (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Many factors are related to the prognosis of primary liver cancer after operation.Liver function Child-Pugh classification,tumor size,AFP and portal vein tumor thrombus affect prognostic independently.

Objective To study the effects of puerarin on proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer MGC-803 and AGS cells.Methods Human gastric cancer cells were treated with puerarin at different concentrations.MTT assay was used to test cell proliferation and FCM was used to detect cell apoptosis.Results The inhibition rates had upwarded trend with increasing concentrations (MGC-803:1.24 ％,2.80 ％,15.10 ％,18.55 ％,59.65 ％; AGS:15.59 ％,25.31％,30.25 ％,36.91％,64.47 ％),when treated with puerarin at different concentrations (1.5,3.0,6.0 12.0,24.0 mmol/L) for 48 hours.Apoptosis rates gradually increased with increasing concentrations (MGC-803:5.49 ％,9.53 ％,13.81％; AGS:6.23 ％,16.38 ％,25.99 ％),when treated with puerarin at different concentrations (0,12.0,24.0 mmol/L) for 24 hours.Conclusion Puerarin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells MGC-803 and AGS.

Objective To analyze the function of let-7e in the carcinogenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer.Methods The microRNA let-7e expression levels in cancer tissues and adjacent normal lung tissues were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR from 35 non-small-cell lung cancer patients,U6 RNA as an actin.Results The expression of microRNA let-7e in cancer tissues was significantly higher than adjacent normal lung tissues (10.111±6.135,P ＜ 0.0001),there was a significantly different between squamous carcinoma group (9.635±8.300) and adenocarcinoma group (10.301 ±5.228,P ＜ 0.05),independently of sex,smoking history,stage,and histologic characteristics of the tumor.Conclusion The expression of microRNA let-7e in cancerous tissues is high,microRNA let-7e should play oncogene role in process of non-small-cell lung cancer,and would be an useful biomarker.

Objective To explore the expression of galectin-3 in human gastric carcinoma tissues and to investigate its clinincal significances.Methods Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression of galectin-3 in 52 pairs of specimens of gastric carcinoma tissues,33 atypical hypcrplasia of gastric tissues and 20 gastritis tissues.Expression levels of galectin-3 in different tissues were compared and analyzed.The relationship between expression levels and clinical parameters was investigated.Results The positive rates of galectin-3 were 94.2 ％ (49/52),80.0 ％ (16/20) and 33.3 ％ (11/30).The positive rates of galectin-3 were higher in gastric carcinoma than those in atypical hyperplasia and gastritis (Z =2.181,6.160,3.611,all P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of galectin-3 in lymph node metastasis gastric carcinoma,poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma were 100 ％ (22/22),100 ％ (45/45) respectively.Galectin-3 expression in patients without lymph node metastasis,high differentiation in gastric carcinoma were 78.6 ％ (27/30),57.1％ (4/7)respectively.The expression levels of galectin-3 were correlated with metastasis and differentiation,with higher expressions in the cases with metastatic lymph nodes (Z =12.463,P ＜ 0.05) and in poor differentiation tissues (Z =3.245,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Galectin-3 is overexpressed in gastric carcinoma tissues,indicating that both of them may play roles in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma.The overexpression of galectin-3 is correlated with metastatic lymph nodes and poor differentiation,indicating that galectin-3 may be prognostic indicator of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sunitinib as first line treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).Methods A total of 40 patients with mRCC were treated with sunitinib between January 2009 and December 2011,including 27 males and 13 females.The median age was 59 (31-75) years old.All patients received a pathologic diagnosis of renal clear cell carcinomas with radical nephrectomy.All cases were treated with first line therapy.Sunitinib monotherapy was administered in repeated 6-week cycles of daily oral therapy for 4 weeks,followed by 2 weeks off in 34 patients,while another 6 patients received 37.5 mg/d continuously until disease progression or unacceptable toxicities occurred.Overall response rate and safety were evaluated.Results The median follow up was 14 months (range 4-36 months).All patients could be evaluated the efficacy.17.5 ％ (7/40) patients achieved partial responses,77.5 ％ (31/40) atients were in stable and 2 (5.0 ％) patients were with disease progression including 1 death.The objective response rate was 17.5 ％ (7/40),and the disease control rate was 95.0 ％ (38/40).The most common side effects included fatigue 12 cases (30.0 ％),alopecia 3 cases (7.5 ％),thrombocytopenia 23 cases (57.5 ％),thyroid dysfunction 26 cases (65.0 ％),neutropenia 20 cases (50.0 ％),hypertension 18 cases (45.0 ％),hand-foot syndrome 17 cases (42.5 ％) and diarrhea 4 cases (10.0 ％).The major grade 3 adverse events included thrombocytopenia 2 cases (5.0 ％) and edema 1 case (2.5 ％).Most adverse events were ameliorated by treatment interruption.Conclusion Sunitinib has definitive efficacy for patients with mRCC with slight side effects.

Blood vessels are indispensible for tumor growth and metastasis.Traditional antiangiogenic strategy reduce the density and the supply of tumor blood vessels.Recent studies have shown that antiangiogenic therapy has transient and insufficient efficacy.Blockage of blood and oxygen supplies creates a hypoxic and acidic microenvironment in the tumor tissues,which fosters tumor cells to become more aggressive and metastatic.Tumor vascular normalization may be an alternative approach to treat cancers,normalize the disorganized tumor vasculature,rather than disrupting or blocking them,thus reduce tumor hypoxia as well as increase the efficacy of chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy.

Survivin is an apoptosis inhibitor and plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer.It is undetectable in normal adult tissues,but has been showed to be overexpressed in various cancers and has been regarded as a marker of malignancy.And the promoter polymorphism of Survivin gene is closely related to risk of cancer and gene susceptibility,this might provide clues for further elucidation of the correlation of risk of cancer and genetic polymorphism,and for diagnosis,prevention and screening of cancer gene.

TG2 is a calcium-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between free amine groups in one protein and protein-bound glutamines of another,creating highly cross-linked protein complexes.TG2 is ubiquitous and most diverse member of the transglutaminase family of enzymes.TG2 are implicated in cell differentiation,receptor-mediated endocytosis,cell adhesion,and induction of apoptosis.Recently,a growing body of literature suggests that it could be closely related to the development of drug resistance.Its role in cancer biology is briefly reviewed in this paper.

As the third generation platinum antitumor drug with independent intellectual property rights,a number of basic and clinical research shows lobaplatin can effectively inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines including triple-negative breast cancer in vivo.Compared with the cisplatinbased regimens,lobaplatin-based regimens have similar efficacy,and better safety profile.It becomes the new treatment option of metastatic breast cancer,and remains to be further study to optimize clinical rational drug use.