177Lu-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy(177Lu-PSMA-RLT)is an innovative treatment approach that precisely delivers β radiation emitted by 177Lu to prostate cancer cells,causing radiation damage to the tumor cells'DNA and thereby eliminating the tumor.At present,it has been recommended for the treatment of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer(mCRPC)by many international and national authoritative guidelines and consensuses.However,there are no published clinical practice path and medication specifications for diagnosis and treatment in China.Therefore,the consensus was jointly initiated by Cancer Nuclear Medicine Committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and Chinese Association of Nuclear Medicine Physicians.Physicians from these two committees combined the existing results of 177Lu-PSMA-RLT registration study,real world data domestic and international clinical experience of radionuclide treatment,and gave recommendations in terms of indications,screening adverse reactions,follow-up and radiation safety by taking different levels of evidence as reference according to clinical evidence levels and grades of recommendation from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine.The purpose of this consensus was to provide physicians with reference for clinical application in the practice of 177Lu-PSMA-RLT for the treatment of prostate cancer based on existing evidence and lay the foundation for the development of subsequent industry-related guidelines.