AIM: To investigate the protective effects and its mechanism of Jinkui Gastric Drug(JK). METHODS: The model of gastric mucosal lesion in rats induced by hydrochloride acid-aspirin was used.The indexes of gastric mucosal lesion in JK and control groups were observed.The contents of nitric oxide(NO) and the activity of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) in blood serum and gastric tissue in rats,the levels of 6-keto-PGF_(1?),thromboxane B_2(TXB_2) in blood plasma and epidermal growth factor(EGF) in blood serum were examined. RESULTS: The index of gastric mucosal lesion after administration of JK reduced obviously.The contents of NO and the activity of NOS in serum and gastric tissue increased markedly.The levels of 6-keto-PGF_(1?),TXB_2 and EGF increased significantly. CONCLUSION: JK can protect experimental gastric mucosal lesion and its mechanism may be related to increasing the protective factors.

Objective To explore the relationship among nurses′perceptions of patient safety culture, nursing practice environment and the report barrier of nursing adverse event. Methods Totally 513 registered nurses from six hospitals in Zhengzhou were investigated with Patient Safety Culture Assessing Scale, Work Environment Questionnaire and Report Barriers Questionnaire. Results The mean scores of nurses′perceptions of patient safety culture, nursing practice environment and report barriers of nursing adverse events were (3.85±0.55), (3.84±0.53) and (2.47±0.55). The nurses′perceptions of patient safety culture were positively correlated to nursing practice environment (r=0.393,P<0.01), negatively correlated to report barriers of nursing adverse events (r=-0.372,P<0.01). The influencing factors of nurses′perceptions of patient safety culture were colleague relationship, punitive culture, allocation of medical resources, marital status, quality control, significance of report, gender and education, which could explain 33.8 percent for the variances. Conclusions The level of nurses′perceptions of patient safety culture is higher than the average level. The nursing managers should build supportive nursing practice environment and the non-punitive reporting system of nursing adverse events. Cultivate the beliefs and attitudes of nursing safety and focus on the impact of occupational stress to patient safety in order to enhance safety nursing.

An electrochemical sensor incorporating a signal enhancement for the determination of lead (Ⅱ) ions (Pb2+) was designed on the basis of the thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA) as a molecular recognition element and ionic liquid supported cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes composite modification. The composite comprises nanoparticles CeO2, multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)and hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EM1MBF4). The electrochemical sensors were fabricated by immersing the CeO2-MWNTs-EMIMBF4 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) into the solution of TBA probe. In the presence of Pb2+, the TBA probe could form stable G-quartet structure by the specific binding interactions between Pb2+ and TBA. The TBA-bound Pb2+ can be electrochemically reduced, which provides a readout signal for quantitative detection of Pb2+. The reduction peak current is linearly related to the concentration of Pb2+ from 1.0 × 10 8 M to 1.0 × 10-5 M with a detection limit of 5 × 109 M. This work demonstrates that the CeO2-MWNTs-EMIMBF4 nanocomposite modified GCE provides a promising platform for immobilizing the TBA probe and enhancing the sensitivity of the DNA-based sensors.

BACKGROUND: Dental porcelain crown containing Ni-Cr alloy has been widely used in modern dentistry. The dispute of its safety is limited in oral cavity and neighbor tissues, however, the relevance between Ni-Cr alloy and systemic disease, such as nephridium toxicosis, are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the possibility of Ni-Cr porcelain crown resulted nephropathy and to explore its long-term clinical safety.METHODS: Databases of VIP, CNKI, Wanfang, CBMdisc, Biosis Previews and BioOne were researched by computer with key words of "nickle chromium alloy, porcelain crown, nephridium toxicosis" both in Chinese and English. Literatures concerning Ni-Cr porcelain crown and toxicity of related metal ion were included, repetitive research was excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: By consulting literatures, the possibility of erosion and release of heavy metal ion lead to nephridium toxicosis were analyzed with following aspects: effects of Ni-Cr alloy corrosivity and its accumulation on oral cavity or systemic disease; direct toxicity of released metal ions from Ni-Cr alloy and susceptivity of nephridium toxicosis; and the possible ways for renal damage resulted by Ni-Cr ion. This study can provide a basis for the further research concerning security of dental porcelain crown containing Ni-Cr alloy.

The expensive production of bioethanol is because it has not yet reached the 'THREE-HIGH' (High-titer, high-conversion and high-productivity) technical levels of starchy ethanol production. To cope with it, it is necessary to implement a high-gravity mash bioethanol production (HMBP), in which sugar hydrolysates are thick and fermentation-inhibitive compounds are negligible. In this work, HMBP from an atmospheric glycerol autocatalytic organosolv pretreated wheat straw was carried out with different fermentation strategies. Under an optimized condition (15% substrate concentration, 10 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 30 FPU/g dry matter, 10% (V/V) inoculum ratio), HMBP was at 31.2 g/L with a shaking simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) at 37 degrees C for 72 h, and achieved with a conversion of 73% and a productivity of 0.43 g/(L x h). Further by a semi-SFF with pre-hydrolysis time of 24 h, HMBP reached 33.7 g/L, the conversion and productivity of which was 79% and 0.47 g/(L x h), respectively. During the SSF and semi-SSF, more than 90% of the cellulose in both substrates were hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars. Finally, a fed-batch semi-SFF was developed with an initial substrate concentration of 15%, in which dried substrate (= the weight of the initial substrate) was divided into three portions and added into the conical flask once each 8 h during the first 24 h. HMBP achieved at 51.2 g/L for 72 h with a high productivity of 0.71 g/(L x h) while a low cellulose conversion of 62%. Interestingly, the fermentation inhibitive compound was mainly acetic acid, less than 3.0 g/L, and there were no other inhibitors detected, commonly furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural existing in the slurry. The data indicate that the lignocellulosic substrate subjected to the atmospheric glycerol autocatalytic organosolv pretreatment is very applicable for HMBP. The fed-batch semi-SFF is effective and desirable to realize an HMBP.
Biofuels ; Carbohydrates ; chemistry ; Cellulose ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Furaldehyde ; chemistry ; Glycerol ; chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Triticum

A real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) micro total analysis system (μ-TAS ) integrated nucleic acid extraction, PCR amplification and real-time-fluorescent PCR detection on a same microfluidic chip was prepared for the fully automated and on-chip analysis of nucleic acid. The proposed method had the advantage such as low sample consumption, fast analysis and simple operation and so on. Micromachining technology was used to fabricate the anodic molds of integrated nucleic acid extraction microfluidic chip. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate with 3D channels was manufactured by a combination of molds and an injection molding method. The glass substrate and the chip were bonded together using a plasma treatment. The μ-TAS included a microfluidic control device whose micro fluidic velocity ( 0-10 mL/min ) could be adjusted, a TEC platform which the precision of temperature control was 0. 1℃ and a CCD detection module. The DNA of human blood was extracted by using a silica gel membrane method on the microfluidic chip. The processes of DNA extraction and detection were preset in the μ-TAS. Human blood lysate ( 20 μL ) were driven to the extraction chamber and was then washed. The fluidic drive speed was 2 mL/min. DNA and PCR reagents were mixed and then were driven into the PCR chamber. The fluidic drive speed was 1 mL/min. The GAPDH gene in extracted genome DNA was amplified by PCR and detected. The amplified product was verified by melting analysis. The results of nucleic acid extraction method on the chip were compared to those obtained using a standard manual centrifuge extraction method. The amplification curves were obvious. Ct values of the chip method were 25 . 3 and 26 . 9 . The denaturation temperature of all the melting was 89 . 9 ℃. The results validated that the chip-based method and device realized the extraction of nucleic acid, amplification and detection automatically.

OBJECTIVETo culture fibroblast cells from the knee ligaments and to study the biological characteristics of these cells.

METHODSCells of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the medial collateral ligament (MCL) from New Zealand white rabbit were cultured in vitro. Cellular growth and expression of the collagen were analyzed. Moreover, an in vitro wound closure model was established and the healing of the ACL and the MCL cells was compared.

RESULTSMaximal growth for all these cells were obtained with Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, but RPMI 1640 and Ham's F12 media were not suitable to maintain these cells. Morphology of both ACL and MCL cells from New Zealand white rabbit was alike in vitro, but the MCL cells grew faster than the ACL cells. Both cell types produced similar amount of collagen in culture, but the ratio of collage type I to type III produced by ACL cells was higher than that produced by MCL cells. Wound closure assay showed that at 36 hours after injury, cell-free zones created in the ACL cultures were occupied partially by the ACL cells; in contrast, the wounded zone in the MCL cultures was almost completely covered by the cells.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough the ACL cells and the MCL cells from New Zealand white rabbit show similar appearance in morphology in culture, the cellular growth and the biochemical synthesis of collagen as well as the healing in vitro were significantly different. These differences in intrinsic properties of the two types of cells in vitro might contribute to the differential healing potentials of these ligaments in vivo.

Animals ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; cytology ; Cell Division ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Collateral Ligaments ; cytology ; Culture Media ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; physiology ; Male ; Rabbits ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Allicin on the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons induced by lead in rats.Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 weeks were randomly divided into 6 groups,10 rats in each group,which were low dose group(A-L),medium-dose group(A-M) and high dose (A-H) Allicin group and lead exposure group (Pb group),dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) group and blank control group.The blank control group animals were treated with ultrapure water,and the other 5 groups received 1.0 g/L lead acetate aqueous solution instead of ultrapure water after 20 days and they were treated them with compounds by oral gavage.The doses of Allicin in group A-L,A-M group and A-H group were 2.7 mg/kg and 5.4 mg/kg,and 10.8 mg/kg,respectively.The DMSA dose was 10.8 mg/kg,and the Pb group was given 9 g/L saline.After the model was established,the rats were sacrificed to collect whole blood and hippocampus.Blood lead and tissue lead concentrations were measured,and the level of apoptosis in hippocampus was observed by TUNEL staining.The levels of cysteine-containing aspartate-specific proteases (caspase)-3,caspase-9,poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) mRNA and caspase-3,caspase-9,PARP activated protein and cytochromes C distribution in the hippocampus cells were detected by using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR),Western blot,and immunofluorescence staining.Results (1) Lead levels in the blood lead and hippocampus of rats in A-L group,A-M group and A-H group [(190.54±11.33) μg/L,(0.28 ±0.03) μg/L;(159.55 ±16.94) μg/L,(0.22 ±0.06) μg/L;(l16.62 ±8.85) μg/L,(0.19 ±0.01) μg/L] were lower than those in Pb group [(271.34 ±21.23) μg/L,(0.31 ±0.04) μg/L],and there were significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05).The blood lead and hippocampal lead levels in the DMSA group [(50.12 ± 7.44) μg/L,(0.15 ± 0.03) μg/L] were lower than those in the A-L group,A-M group and A-H group.(2) The results of TUNEL staining showed that the apoptosis levels of hippocampus in A-L group,A-M group and A-H group were lower than that in Pb group [(2.81 ±0.17)％,(2.08 ±0.28)％,(1.33 ±0.08)％ vs.(4.23 ±0.17)％],and there were significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05);the apoptosis level of hippocampus in the DMSA group [(2.63 ± 0.32) ％] was higher than that in the A-M group and the A-H group,which was lower than that in the Pb group.(3) qPCR results showed that the levels of caspase-3,caspase-9 and PARP mRNA in A-H group were down-regulated compared with Pb group (1.07 ± 0.05,1.02 ± 0.02,1.11 ± 0.02 vs.1.34 ± 0.02,1.26 ±0.05,1.93 ± 0.07).The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The expression levels of caspase-3 and PARP mRNA in A-L group and A-M group were down-regulated (1.21 ± 0.05,1.43 ± 0.12,1.16 ± 0.02,1.20 ± 0.06 vs.1.34 ± 0.02,1.93 ± 0.07),and there were significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05),and there was no significant change in caspase-9 mRNA;the mRNA levels of caspase-3,caspase-9 and PARP in A-H group (1.07 ± 0.05,1.02 ± 0.02,1.11 ± 0.02) were lower than those in DMSA group (1.14 ± 0.02,1.15 ± 0.08,1.32 ±0.05).(4) Western blot results:compared with Pb group,the expression levels of activated caspase-3,caspase-9 and PARP protein in A-H group were down-regulated (A-H group:0.44 ± 0.15,0.58 ± 0.25 and 0.31 ±0.19,0.23 ±0.07 vs.Pb group:0.69 ±0.13,0.72 ±0.22 and 0.55 ±0.21,0.43 ±0.10),the expression of activated caspase-9 protein in A-M group was lower than that in Pb group (A-M group:0.59 ±0.18 vs.Pb group:0.72 ± 0.22),and there were significant differences (all P ＜ 0.05);the expression of activated caspase-3 and RARP protein in A-H group was lower than that in DMSA group.(5) Fluorescence staining showed that the expression of cytochrome C in cytoplasm of A-L group,A-M group and A-H group were significantly lower than that of Pb group and DMSA group.Conclusion Allicin can inhibit the apoptosis of hippocampus cells in rats with lead poisoning through mitochondrial pathway.The effect of Allicin on apoptosis inhibition may be better than DMSA.

Based on introducing the total price adjustments in pilot cities and analyzing the existing problems,it further analyzes the objectives of the total price adjustment allocation of medical service items,the characteristics of various types of medical service items and the possible impact of price adjustment,concludes that the priority of the total price adjustment allocation should be as follows:new items,special tasks,complex items,general items,and medical services for special needs.It also combines the practical experience of the pilot cities to establish the total price adjustment allocation mechanism,and provides opinions on the total price adjustment allocation before the dynamic adjustment of medical service prices in the future.

Based on introducing the total price adjustments in pilot cities and analyzing the existing problems,it further analyzes the objectives of the total price adjustment allocation of medical service items,the characteristics of various types of medical service items and the possible impact of price adjustment,concludes that the priority of the total price adjustment allocation should be as follows:new items,special tasks,complex items,general items,and medical services for special needs.It also combines the practical experience of the pilot cities to establish the total price adjustment allocation mechanism,and provides opinions on the total price adjustment allocation before the dynamic adjustment of medical service prices in the future.