AIM:To investigate the expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in the epithelial ovarian cancer ( EOC) and its relationship with epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT) .METHODS:The expression of PARP-1, E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail was detected in the EOC and benign ovarian tumor tissues by immunohistochemi -cal method and real-time PCR.The expression of PARP-1, E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail proteins in the SKOV3 cells treated with efficient PARP-1 inhibitor PJ34 was determined by Western blotting .RESULTS:The positive expression rates of PARP-1, vimentin and Snail were significantly higher in the EOC than that in the benign ovarian tumor tissues , whereas the positive expression rate of E-cadherin was the opposite (P<0.05).The expression of PARP-1, E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail in the EOC was associated with the histological grade , clinical stage and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05), but no relationship with age and pathological types was observed .The expression of E-cadherin in the EOC was negatively co-related to that of PARP-1.In contrast, the expression of vimentin and Snail in the EOC was positively co-related to that of PARP-1.The relative mRNA expression of PARP-1, vimentin and Snail in the EOC was significantly higher than that in the benign ovarian tumor tissues ( P<0.05) , while the mRNA expression of E-cadherin in the EOC was remarkably lower than that in the benign ovarian tumor tissues (P<0.05).The protein expression of PARP-1, vimentin and Snail in the SKOV3 cells was significantly decreased (P<0.05), while E-cadherin protein was increased after treated with PJ 34(P<0.05). CONCLUSION:PARP-1 may contribute to the onset of EMT in the EOC by regulating the expression of E -cadherin, vim-entin and Snail.The role of PARP-1, which is relevant to EMT, might be important in the development of ovarian cancer .

The expensive production of bioethanol is because it has not yet reached the 'THREE-HIGH' (High-titer, high-conversion and high-productivity) technical levels of starchy ethanol production. To cope with it, it is necessary to implement a high-gravity mash bioethanol production (HMBP), in which sugar hydrolysates are thick and fermentation-inhibitive compounds are negligible. In this work, HMBP from an atmospheric glycerol autocatalytic organosolv pretreated wheat straw was carried out with different fermentation strategies. Under an optimized condition (15% substrate concentration, 10 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 30 FPU/g dry matter, 10% (V/V) inoculum ratio), HMBP was at 31.2 g/L with a shaking simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) at 37 degrees C for 72 h, and achieved with a conversion of 73% and a productivity of 0.43 g/(L x h). Further by a semi-SFF with pre-hydrolysis time of 24 h, HMBP reached 33.7 g/L, the conversion and productivity of which was 79% and 0.47 g/(L x h), respectively. During the SSF and semi-SSF, more than 90% of the cellulose in both substrates were hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars. Finally, a fed-batch semi-SFF was developed with an initial substrate concentration of 15%, in which dried substrate (= the weight of the initial substrate) was divided into three portions and added into the conical flask once each 8 h during the first 24 h. HMBP achieved at 51.2 g/L for 72 h with a high productivity of 0.71 g/(L x h) while a low cellulose conversion of 62%. Interestingly, the fermentation inhibitive compound was mainly acetic acid, less than 3.0 g/L, and there were no other inhibitors detected, commonly furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural existing in the slurry. The data indicate that the lignocellulosic substrate subjected to the atmospheric glycerol autocatalytic organosolv pretreatment is very applicable for HMBP. The fed-batch semi-SFF is effective and desirable to realize an HMBP.
Biofuels ; Carbohydrates ; chemistry ; Cellulose ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Furaldehyde ; chemistry ; Glycerol ; chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Triticum

Objective To evaluate the opening level and optimal time window of the blood-brain barrier induced by adenosine A2 receptor agonist ( Lexiscan) via dynamic enhanced MRI. Methods Twen-ty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into experiment group ( group A, n=10) and control group ( group B, n=10) . Rabbits in group A were injected with Lexiscan and rabbits in group B were injected with physiological salt via ear vein, then the coronary scanning was performed. Contrast enhanced MRI was performed at different time points ( 5, 10, 15, 20 min, and then every 10 min, until 2 h) following the in-fusion of Gd-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). The signal intensity (SI) of region of interest ( ROI) was measured and the percent enhancement of SI was calculated. Evens blue staining results in brain tissues were observed. Pair t test was used to analyze the data. Results The percent enhancement of SI in group A significantly increased to (40. 93±3.70)％ at 5 min, reached the maximum of (43.03±3.62)％ at 30 min, slowly decreased until 50 min, and got to a stable level at almost 80 min. At each time point, the per-cent enhancement of SI in group A was significantly higher than that in group B ( t values:6.88-20.28, all P<0. 05) . The staining was evident in group A. Conclusions Lexiscan can open blood-brain barrier tem-porarily and reversibly, and the optimal opening time window is 10-50 min post-injection.

Objective: To investigate the successful signs of laser photocoagulation or endolaser combined vitrectomy for congenital optic disc pit (ODP) with serous macular detachment. Methods: A retrospective case analysis. Twelve eyes of 12 patients with congenital ODP complicated with serous macular detachment diagnosed in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from 2003 to 2018 were included in this study. There were 2 males (2 eyes) and 8 females (8 eyes). The average age was 30.17 years old. Retinal laser photocoagulation and/or vitrectomy were performed in all the eyes. The optic disc and macular area were scanned using the tracking mode of the Germany Heidelberg Spectralis OCT instrument. The "dam-sign" change was a retinal choroidal scar on the channel between the ODP and the macula on the OCT image after treatment. The eyes were divided into a "dam-sign" change group (group A, 10 eyes) and no "dam-sign" change group (group B, 2 eyes). The BCVA of eyes in group A was 0.03-0.6. In group A, 1 eye was treated with laser photocoagulation alone, 9 eyes were treated with vitrectomy combined with laser photocoagulation. The BCVA of eyes in group B was 0.1. All the eyes in group B underwent vitrectomy combined with laser photocoagulation. The follow-up was ranged from 6 to 174 months. The same equipment and method before treatment were used for 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after treatment. The BCVA, absorption of subretinal fluid (SRF) and the formation of "dam-sign" change were observed. Results: At the last follow-up, the BCVA of eyes in group A was 0.4-1.0 (0.4 in 1 eye, 0.5 in 3 eyes, 0.6 in 2 eyes, 0.8 in 3 eyes, 1.0 in 1 eye). In 9 eyes treated with vitrectomy combined with laser photocoagulation, SRF was completely absorbed. In 1 eye treated with laser photocoagulation alone, SRF remained in small amount. The BCVA of the two eyes in group B was 0.03 and 0.3, respectively; and SRF was not absorbed in both of them. Conclusions The "dam-sign" change near optic disc after laser photocoagulation can promote SRF absorption and improve BCVA. It can be used as a success indicator after treatment.

This study reported a 50-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with anti-IgLON family member 5(anti-IgLON5)antibody-related encephalopathy,presented with cognitive and sleep disorders,autonomic dysfunction and seizures,positive serum IgLON5 antibody but negative cerebro-spinal fluid IgLON5 antibody,negative human leukocyte antigen(HLA)by genetic testing,and was diagnosed as anti-IgLON5 antibody-related encephalopathy.After hospital admission,the patient was given intravenous methylprednisolone combined with immunoglobulin immunotherapy,donepezil for improvement of cognition,sodium valproate and oxcarbazepine for prevention and treatment of epilep-tic seizures,and finally her symptoms improved significantly.

This study reported a 50-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with anti-IgLON family member 5(anti-IgLON5)antibody-related encephalopathy,presented with cognitive and sleep disorders,autonomic dysfunction and seizures,positive serum IgLON5 antibody but negative cerebro-spinal fluid IgLON5 antibody,negative human leukocyte antigen(HLA)by genetic testing,and was diagnosed as anti-IgLON5 antibody-related encephalopathy.After hospital admission,the patient was given intravenous methylprednisolone combined with immunoglobulin immunotherapy,donepezil for improvement of cognition,sodium valproate and oxcarbazepine for prevention and treatment of epilep-tic seizures,and finally her symptoms improved significantly.

Objective To explore the mechanisms of ligament of Marshall (LOM) initiat and sustain atrial fibrillation (AF).Methods The electrophysiologic properties of canine LOM were investigated using multipolar catheter mapping(normal canines,n =4,group A;AF canines,n =5,group B).The programmed stimulation were performed in the LOM,PV-left atrium(LA)junction and LA,respectively.Activations maps of LOM were analyzed from episodes of spontaneous onset of AF and initiation of induced AF by a single extrastimulus.The effectives refractory period of each part was compared and statistically analyzed among three parts in each group and between the two groups.LOM were cutted with surgical incision technology.The inducing rate of AF and the mapping rate of double potential and fragmented electrocardiogram were compared and statistically analyzed pro and post isolation of LOM.Results The incidence of abnormal potential of LOM in the two groups was significantly different(P ＜0.01),re-entry cycle(group A 25％ vs.B group 80％),tachycardia(group A 25％ vs.B 100％),double potential(group A 25％ vs.group B 80％),fragmentation potential(group A 25％ vs.group 80％).There was a significant difference in the rate of LOM tachycardia induction before and after LOM intervention in group B (P ＜ 0.05,before 100％ vs.after 20％).Conclusion There are two possible mechanisms of LOM involved in the occurrence and maintenance of AF:one is that LOM induces AF through spontaneous excitation,the other is that LOM participates in the reentry of left atrium and pulmonary vein in the form of bypass to induce and maintain AF.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of melioidosis in Haikou City, to rise the people's awareness of melioidosis and to provide basis for prevention and control of the disease.Methods:The clinical data of 254 patients with melioidosis treated in 4 Class A tertiary hospitals in Haikou City from January 2000 to September 2020 were collected, and the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, infection site, prognosis and drug sensitivity were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 254 patients with melioidosis, 226 males (88.98%) and 28 females (11.02%), and the gender ratio was 8.07 ∶ 1.00. Farmers were the main occupation, accounting for 37.80% (96/254). The median age was 53 years old, mainly in 41 - 80 years old, accounting for 83.46% (212/254). Han nationality was the most, accounting for 89.76% (228/254). The onset season was mainly in summer and autumn, and the peak was from August to October (117 cases). Patients were mainly distributed in coastal areas, among which Haikou City (49 cases) was the most, followed by Dongfang City (46 cases), Danzhou City (23 cases) and Wenchang City (21 cases). Totally 196 cases (77.17%) had basic diseases, diabetes was the most common (162 cases). The main symptoms of admission were fever (211 cases), followed by cough (108 cases) and expectoration (88 cases). The infection sites were mainly blood (104 cases, 40.94%), lung (60 cases, 23.62%), liver and spleen (32 cases, 12.60%). Totally 195 patients were treated with sensitive antibiotics, at discharge, 37 cases (18.97%) were cured, 129 cases (66.15%) improved, 18 cases (9.23%) did not heal, 7 cases (3.59%) died and 4 cases (2.05%) were discharged voluntarily. Results of drug sensitivity tests from 2010 to 2020 showed that the sensitivity rates of Burkholderia pseudomallei to imipenem (142 cases), meropenem (16 cases) and ceftazidime (141 cases) were all 100.00%, and the sensitivity rates of doxycycline (25 cases) and compound sulfamethoxazole (142 cases) were 92.00% (23/25) and 99.30% (141/142), respectively. Conclusions:Males, farmers, middle-aged and elderly people and people with diabetes and other basic diseases are the high incidence population of melioidosis in Haikou City. The incidence peak is in summer and autumn. The common clinical manifestations are fever, pulmonary infection, abscess of liver and spleen, etc. In the treatment, Burkholderia pseudomallei is more sensitive to imipenem, meropenem and ceftazidime.

Objective To observe the clinical manifestations of 3 cases with myelin oligodendro-cyte glycoprotein(MOG)antibody-associated disease and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)encephalitis antibody overlapping syndrome(MNOS),aiming to expand the understanding of the clinical spectrum of such syndromes.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 3 patients with MNOS who were positive for both MOG antibodies and NMDAR antibodies.Clinical features,neuroimaging characteristics,and outcomes were collected,and cell-based assay(CBA)tech-nique was used for diagnosis.Results One case presented both positive MOG antibodies and NMDAR antibodies,but the clinical manifestations were typical symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.In one case,the clinical and cranial magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)features of demyelinating disease re-curred after anti-NMDAR encephalitis,with atypical symptoms of MNOS such as numbness and weakness in limbs,blurred vision,and diplopia.The last case presented both positive MOG antibodies and NMDAR antibodies,but the clinical manifestations were typical symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.In MNOS,MOG antibody-associated disease and anti-NMDAR encephalitis may appear simultaneously or sequentially,with epilepsy being the most common symptom.Cranial MRI findings showed that the pa-tients presented and mainly involved supratentorial lesions,which may also involve the brainstem,but no spinal cord lesions were found.All patients showed slightly abnormal cerebrospinal fluid.Patients showed a good response to first-line immunotherapy during the acute phase of the disease,with a fa-vorable prognosis.But most patients were prone to relapse.Conclusion In MNOS patients,anti-NMDAR encephalitis may present with clinical and(or)MRI features of demyelinating disease simul-taneously or sequentially.The clinical manifestations of patients are complex and diverse.Patients with atypical symptoms require to improving the understanding of MNOS and timely treatment.

Objective To observe the clinical manifestations of 3 cases with myelin oligodendro-cyte glycoprotein(MOG)antibody-associated disease and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)encephalitis antibody overlapping syndrome(MNOS),aiming to expand the understanding of the clinical spectrum of such syndromes.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 3 patients with MNOS who were positive for both MOG antibodies and NMDAR antibodies.Clinical features,neuroimaging characteristics,and outcomes were collected,and cell-based assay(CBA)tech-nique was used for diagnosis.Results One case presented both positive MOG antibodies and NMDAR antibodies,but the clinical manifestations were typical symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.In one case,the clinical and cranial magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)features of demyelinating disease re-curred after anti-NMDAR encephalitis,with atypical symptoms of MNOS such as numbness and weakness in limbs,blurred vision,and diplopia.The last case presented both positive MOG antibodies and NMDAR antibodies,but the clinical manifestations were typical symptoms of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.In MNOS,MOG antibody-associated disease and anti-NMDAR encephalitis may appear simultaneously or sequentially,with epilepsy being the most common symptom.Cranial MRI findings showed that the pa-tients presented and mainly involved supratentorial lesions,which may also involve the brainstem,but no spinal cord lesions were found.All patients showed slightly abnormal cerebrospinal fluid.Patients showed a good response to first-line immunotherapy during the acute phase of the disease,with a fa-vorable prognosis.But most patients were prone to relapse.Conclusion In MNOS patients,anti-NMDAR encephalitis may present with clinical and(or)MRI features of demyelinating disease simul-taneously or sequentially.The clinical manifestations of patients are complex and diverse.Patients with atypical symptoms require to improving the understanding of MNOS and timely treatment.