Objective To estimate the current quality of the reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to digestive diseases in China. Methods All the papers related to RCTs published in Chinese Journal of Digestion from 1999 to 2008 were hand-searched by professional staff then evaluated and analyzed them according to the international reference standard. ResultsIn the 3298 issues of the recent ten years, there were 92 research papers of RCTs which was accounting for 2.8%. The sample size ranged from 18 to 5241. Sixty-one (66.0%) trials included the exact standard of internalize and exclusion. Sixteen (17.4%) trails told the specific method of random allocation and 22(23.9%) were double-blinded. Fifty-eight (63.0%) trials compared the baseline condition of each groups. Seventy-three(79.3%) trails showed the specific approach of statistic. In the end, only 7(5.7%) trails were identified as the strictly-designed RCTs. Conclusions The quantity and quality of the clinical RCTs can not satisfy the demand of clinical practice. Strictly-scientific designed, multicentered, large sample prospective clinical RCT should be advocated.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the change in expressions of connexin 32 and connexin 43 after the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) in patients with gastric precancerous lesion. METHODS: The expressions of connexin 32 and connexin 43 in gastric mucosa specimens biopsy under endoscopy were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of connexin 32 and connexin 43 were detected before and after the eradication of H.pylori in 88 patients with gastric precancerous lesion, and in 33 patients with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG). RESULTS: The positive expression rates and the expressional intensity of connexin 32 and connexin 43 in patients with gastric precancerous lesions (51.1% and 54.5%) were lower than those in patients with CSG (100% and 93.9%, P < 0.05).In patients with gastric precancerous lesions,the positive expression rates and the expressional intensity of connexin 32 and connexin 43 in H.pylori positive group (41.4% and 44.8%) were lower than those in H.pylori negative group (70% and 73.3%, P < 0.05). In gastric precancerous lesions group, the positive expression rates of connexin 32 and connexin 43 in H.pylori positive group before the eradication therapy (41.4% and 44.8%, respectively) was lower than those after the eradication of H.pylori (97.9% and 91.7%, P < 0.05); in the eradication failure group, the positive expression rates of connexin 32 and connexin 43 were 40% and 50%. The eradication failure group before the treatment and after the treatment had no statistical significance(P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The expressions of connexin 32 and connexin 43 in patients with gastric precancerous lesions are low, and the eradication of H.pylori can upregulate their expressions.
Adult ; Aged ; Connexin 43 ; biosynthesis ; Connexins ; biosynthesis ; Female ; Gastritis ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Helicobacter Infections ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precancerous Conditions ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; microbiology

Objective: To investigate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with donepezil on the cognition of persons with post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL). Methods: A total of 106 PSCI patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table. Those in the observation group received 10Hz rTMS (5 seconds on and 25 seconds off for 20 minutes daily) and donepezil daily, 5 days per week for 4 weeks, while those in the control group were provided with donepezil but only sham rTMS on the same schedule. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, the Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA), the Rivermead behavior memory test (RBMT) and the modified Barthel index (MBI) were used to evaluate the subjects′ cognitive functioning, memory capacity and ADL ability. The latency and amplitude of auditory event-related potential P300 were also assessed using a myoelectric evoked potential apparatus. Results: After the treatment, improvement was observed in all the measurements of both groups. After the treatment, the average MoCA, RBMT and MBI scores, as well as the latency and amplitude of P300 in the observation group were all significantly better than among the control group. Conclusions rTMS can supplement donepezil′s ability to improve the cognition and ADL ability of persons with PSCI. Such therapy is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the infection and bacteria resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) to clarithromycin and furazolidone,to determine whether the antibiotic resistance is primary or secondary, and to decide if a new H.pylori infection plays a role in eradication failures. METHODS: Twenty one H.pylori had been isolated from human biopsy specimens, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. DNA fingerprints were generated using random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to determine the identity of H.pylori before and after the eradication therapy. RESULTS: Eight bacteria resisted against clarithromycin, and one against furazolidone, with the resistant rates 38.1% and 4.8% respectively. The number of primary antibiotic resistance, secondary resistance and new infection was 1 for each. CONCLUSION Resistance to clarithromycin is more common compared with that to furazolidone. Development of primary and secondary resistance to clarithromycin occurs as a rule in eradication failures. New H.pylori infection plays a role in eradication failures.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Clarithromycin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Furazolidone ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Helicobacter Infections ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori ; drug effects ; genetics ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and security of different uses of propofol on the sedation during the upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. METHODS: Four hundred patients who underwent gastroscopy received midazolam and propofol as sedation. Patients were divided to 4 groups with different intervals between midazolam and propofol: Group A and D with the interval of 30 seconds to 1 minute, Group B and C with 3 to 5 minute interval. All patients were premedicated with midazolam and propofol at 16 approximately 25 mg/10s (Group A and B) and 6 approximately 7 mg/10s (Group C and D). RESULTS: The doses of propofol of Group A,B,C, and D were (111.90+/-22.43),(102.20+/-15.99),(73.05+/-13.08) and (80.90+/-17.36)mg respectively, with significant difference(P<0.01). The time of return to consciousness decreased markedly in Group C and D [(9+/-1), (10+/-2)min ], and that of Group A and B was [(14+/-5), (13+/-3)min ]. There was significant difference between Group C, D and Group A, B(P<0.01). CONCLUSION The dose of propofol and the time of return to consciousness depend on the rate of administration and the interval between midazolam and propofol. Appropriate rate and interval can produce safer and more effective sedation for the upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedure.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; administration & dosage ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Midazolam ; administration & dosage ; Propofol ; administration & dosage ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of CagA(+) Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)strain and anti-H.pylori drugs on the expression of connexin 43(Cx43) and cell proliferation of BGC-823 cells in vitro,and to investigate the relation between the changes of Cx43 expression, cell proliferation of BGC-823 cells and CagA(+)H.pylori. METHODS: BGC-823 cells were co-cultured with CagA(+) H.pylori strain(NCTC J99) or CagA(-) H.pylori strain(NCTC 12908)at bacteria/cells ratio of 20:1,100:1 and 500:1 for 24 hours and 48 hours respectively. anti-H.pylori drugs was given in the group co-cultured at bacteria/cells ratio of 100:1 after 16 hours. In the control group, BGC-823 cells were cultured for 24 hours and 48 hours respectively,but without H.pylori or antij H.pylori drugs. Immunocytochemical SABC method and the image analysis of the computer were applied to detect the changes of Cx43 expression in BGC-823 cells. The cell proliferation was examined by methyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. RESULTS: (1)The expression of Cx43 in the control group after cultivation for 48 hours was higher than that for 24 hours (P< 0.05). The expression of Cx43 in the groups co-cultured with CagA(+) H.pylori strain after cultivation for 48 hours was lower than that co-cultured for only 24 hours, and that of the groups co-cultured with CagA(+) H.pylori strain was lower than that of the control group for both 24 hours and 48 hours (P< 0.05). The expression of Cx43 in the groups at bacteria/cells ratio of 500:1 was lower than that at bacteria/cells ratio of 20:1 and 100:1 for both 24 and 48 hours (P< 0.05),and that at bacteria/cells ratio of 100:1 was lower than that at bacteria/cells ratio of 20:1 for 48 hours (P< 0.05).However, there was no significant difference in Cx43 expression between 24 and 48 hours in the groups co-cultured with CagA(-) H.pylori strain (P>0.05). Cx43 expression in the groups co-cultured with CagA(-) H.pylori strain at the ratio of 100:1 and 500:1 was lower than that in the control group, and Cx43 expression at the ratio of 500:1 was lower than that at the ratio of 20:1 for 24 hours and 48 hours. Cx43 expression increased after the intervention with anti-H.pylori drugs for 48 hours. (2) In the groups co-cultured with CagA(+)H.pylori strain, the optical density value of MTT indicated that the cell proliferation at the bacteria/cells ratio of 100:1 was higher than that in the control group, but no significant difference was found in other two groups co-cultured for 24 hours. After co-culturing for 48 hours, the cell proliferation at the bacteria/cells ratio of 20:1 and 100:1 was significantly accelerated, while the cell proliferation at 500:1 was inhibited. In the groups co-cultured with CagA(-) H.pylori strain,there was no change in the cell proliferation. Intervention with anti-H.pylori drugs could suppress the cell proliferation. CONCLUSION CagA(+) H.pylori can down-regulate the expression of Cx43 in BGC-823 cells,which is related to the reaction time and the density of H.pylori. Low density of CagA(+)H.pylori suspensions can accelerate the proliferation of BGC-823 cells, while high density can suppress the cell proliferation. The CagA(-) H.pylori has no effect on the cell proliferation. Intervention with anti-H.pylori drugs can up-regulate the expression of Cx43,and suppress the cell proliferation of BGC-823 cells.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Antigens, Bacterial ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Connexin 43 ; biosynthesis ; Helicobacter pylori ; drug effects ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; microbiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of cell gap junction ultrastructure of gastric epithelial cells in patients with gastric cancer(GC) and precancerous lesion(PL),and to investigate the relation between these changes and H.pylori infection. METHODS: Seventy patients with GC, 88 with PL, and 33 with chronic superfial gastritis (CSG) were studied. H.pylori was detected by rapid urease test,basic fuchsin stain and 14C-urea breath test. The CagA gene of H.pylori was determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The cell gap junction ultrastructure was observed under transmission electronic microscope. RESULTS: Length of junction/unit perimeter of gastric epithelial cells in patients with PL was smaller than that in CSG patients, and the smallest width of the intercellular space was bigger than that in CSG patients. The number of cell junction, the number of junction/unit perimeter, and the length of junction/unit perimeter in patients with GC were all smaller than those in patients with CSG or PL, and its smallest width of the intercellular space was bigger than that in patients with CSG. In patients with GC, the number of cell junction, the number of junction/unit perimeter and the length of junction/unit perimeter in CagA+ H.pylori group were smaller than those in CagA(-) H.pylori group, and its smallest width of the intercellular space was bigger than that in CagA(-) H.pylori group. In PL patients, the intercellular space decreased, and the length of cell junction of gastric epithelial cells became bigger after H.pylori eradication. The length of junction/unit perimeter in patients of H.pylori eradication was bigger than that in patients without eradication, and the smallest width of the intercellular space was smaller than that in patients without eradication. CONCLUSION The changes of cell gap junction of gastric epithelial cells in patients with GC and PL are associated with H.pylori infection especially CagA+ H.pylori infection. Eradication of H.pylori can promote the formation of cell junction.
Adenocarcinoma ; microbiology ; ultrastructure ; Epithelial Cells ; ultrastructure ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; ultrastructure ; Helicobacter Infections ; pathology ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Intercellular Junctions ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Precancerous Conditions ; microbiology ; ultrastructure ; Stomach Neoplasms ; microbiology ; ultrastructure

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in the degeneration of the hypertrophied ligamentum flavum (LF) in the lumbar spine.

METHODSSurgical specimens of degenerative hypertrophied LF were obtained from 11 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS, mean age 57.8 years), with those from 10 age-matched patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH, mean age 53.5 years) as the normal controls. The thickness of the LF was measured preoperatively by axial T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the facet joint level. Immunohistochemistry was employed to determine the expression of PDGF β and PDGF-BB in the LF. The mRNA and protein expressions of PDGF-BB in the LF were detected using real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively.

RESULTSThe thickness of the LF was 5.30±1.12 mm in the degenerative group and 2.80±1.53 mm in the control group, showing a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). PDGF-β and PDGF-BB were positive in the fibroblasts in hypertrophied LF. The mRNA and protein expressions of PDGF-BB were significantly higher in the degenerative group than in the control group (P=0.013 and 0.023, respectively).

CONCLUSIONThe high expression of PDGF-BB in the hypertrophied LF suggests its important role in the development of hypertrophy of LF in lumbar spinal canal stenosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; metabolism ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; metabolism ; pathology ; Ligamentum Flavum ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; metabolism ; Spinal Stenosis ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of dopamine receptor (DR2) activation on hypoxia/reperfusion injury (HRI) in the neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and to explore its mechanism.

METHODSThe hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) injury model was established in primarily cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and randomly assigned: control, H/R, bromocriptine (Bro) and haloperidol (Hal) groups. The cell apoptosis was detected using inverted microscope, transmission electron microscope and flow cytometry (FCM). The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in cell medium were analyzed. The expression of mRNA and protein of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Fas, Fas-L, Cyt C and Bcl-2 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, apoptosis rate, LDH activity, MDA content and the expression of pro-apoptotic factors and anti-apoptotic factors were increased, but SOD activity was decreased in H/R group. Compared with the H/R group, all index above-mentioned were down-regulated or reversed in Bro-group, and had no obvious differences in Hal-group.

CONCLUSIONThe neonatal rat cardiomyocytes injury and apoptosis caused by hypoxia/reperfusion can be inhibited with DR2 activation, which mechanism is related to scavenging oxygen radical.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; Cell Hypoxia ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of air pollution on respiratory health in school-aged children in the main urban area of Chongqing, China.

METHODSThe main urban area of Chongqing was divided into polluted area and clean area according to the air pollution data shown on the Environmental Protection Agency Website of Chongqing between 2010 and 2015. A cluster sampling method was used to select 695 third- or fourth-grade children from 2 primary schools in the clean or polluted area as study subjects, with 313 children from the clean area and 382 children from the polluted area. Pulmonary function was examined for all children and a standard American epidemiological questionnaire (ATS-DLD-78-C) was used to investigate the prevalence of respiratory diseases and symptoms.

RESULTSCompared with the clean area, the polluted area had significantly higher concentrations of inhalable particles (PM), fine particulate matter (PM), and nitric oxide (NO) (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed after adjustment for confounding factors, and the results showed that compared with those in the clean area, the children in the polluted area had significantly higher risks of cough (OR=1.644), cough during cold (OR=1.596), expectoration during cold (OR=2.196), persistent expectoration (OR=1.802), and wheezing (OR=2.415). The boys and girls in the clean area had significantly higher forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second than those in the polluted area (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAir pollution in the main urban area of Chongqing is associated with the increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms in school-aged children and has certain effect on children's pulmonary function.

Air Pollution ; adverse effects ; Child ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; etiology ; Vital Capacity