A new method for simultaneous determination of 23 kinds of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)(13 kinds of perfluoro carboxylic acids,4 kinds of perfluoro sulfonic acids,and 6 kinds of new substitutes)in plant leaf tissue by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)using automatic online solid phase extraction(SPE)to remove the matrix interference components in plant crude extracts was developed.The plant leaf samples were extracted twice with 1%formic acid-methanol solution,then evaporated to dry,redissolved with 70%methanol solution,and directly injected for analysis.After 23 kinds of target PFASs were purified automatically by online SPE with a WAX column,the six-way valve was switched to rinse PFASs onto an alkaline mobile phase system-compatible C18 analytical column.Then,the 23 kinds of target PFASs were separated within 16 min by gradient elution using a binary mobile phase system of methanol/water(Containing 0.4%ammonium hydroxide).Tandem mass spectrometry was performed in multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)mode for online detection of various PFASs,and quantification was carried out by internal standard method.The results of the method validation showed that satisfactory average recoveries of 23 kinds of PFASs in plant leaf samples(64.2%-125.5%),precision(relative standard deviations(RSDs)of 0.7%-12.8%),linearity(R2＞0.990),and sensitivity(the detection limits(S/N=3)were in the range of 0.02-0.50 μg/kg)were achieved.Finally,this method was used to detect PFASs in the marine green tide algae(Enteromorpha prolifera)and several tree leaves,and a total of 6 kinds of PFASs were detected,in which PFBA was the main contaminant.Compared with the reported offline SPE methods,the proposed online SPE technique significantly simplified the sample pretreatment process and provided an automatic,simple,and environment-friendly method for the routine monitoring of legacy and emerging PFASs in plant tissues.

Objective To evaluate the perioperative safety and feasibility of day-case transurethral holmium laser enucleation of prostate(HoLEP)under over-night mode.Method From January 2021 to March 2023,83 patients of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)were elected and treated with HoLEP by the one surgeon.According to different management methods,these patients were divided into the over-night day-case HoLEP group and the ordinary HoLEP group.Again,these patients were divided into large volume(≥50 mL)group and small volume(<50 mL)group according to the prostate volume.Record the age and perioperative data of all patients[total prostate volume,prostate resection weight,proportion of prostate resection,operating time,changes in peripheral venous blood hemoglobin(Hb),bladder flushing duration,catheter insertion duration,and success rate of first tube removal],the parameters of each group were compared.Result All of the 83 patients undergoing HoLEP surgery in this study,and there were no cases of HoLEP related reoperation or readmission.Among them,there were 43 cases in the over-night HoLEP group,aged 57～90 with an average of(70.1±7.3)years old,and the prostate volume was 29～161 mL with an average of(63.0±28.8)mL,All of them were discharged within 24 h,and there were no cases transferred to the ordinary HoLEP group,the success rate of first tube removal was 88.4%(38/43),and with average catheterization duration was(17.8±3.6)h;The other 40 cases were included into the ordinary HoLEP group,aged 55～87 with an average of(70.4±8.2)years old,the volume of the prostate was 22～118 mL with an average of(59.4±29.0)mL,the success rate of first tube removal was 90.0%(36/40),and with average catheterization duration was(77.5±25.1)h;There was no statistically significant difference in the perioperative parameters(total prostate volume,prostate resection weight,proportion of prostate resection,operating time,changes in peripheral venous blood Hb,and bladder flushing time)between the two groups(P>0.05),while the difference in catheter duration was statistically significant(P<0.01).Conclusion Regardless of the size of the prostate volume,day-case HoLEP is safe and feasible.Day-case HoLEP under the over-night mode is suitable for widespread and routine implementation in China,especially in medical centers with rich experience of HoLEP.

Objective: To investigate the association between the urinary arsenic level and serum total testosterone in Chinese men aged 18 to 79 years. Methods: A total of 5 048 male participants aged 18 to 79 years were recruited from the China National Human Biomonitoring (CNHBM) from 2017 to 2018. Questionnaires and physical examinations were used to collect information on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, food intake frequency and health status. Venous blood and urine samples were collected to detect the level of serum total testosterone, urinary arsenic and urinary creatinine. Participants were divided into three groups (low, middle, and high) based on the tertiles of creatinine-adjusted urinary arsenic concentration. Weighted multiple linear regression was fitted to analyze the association of urinary arsenic with serum total testosterone. Results: The weighted average age of 5 048 Chinese men was (46.72±0.40) years. Geometric mean concentration (95%CI) of urinary arsenic, creatinine-adjusted urinary arsenic and serum testosterone was 22.46 (20.08, 25.12) μg/L, 19.36 (16.92, 22.15) μg/g·Cr and 18.13 (17.42, 18.85) nmol/L, respectively. After controlling for covariates, compared with the low-level urinary arsenic group, the testosterone level of the participants in the middle-level group and the high-level group decreased gradually. The percentile ratio (95%CI) was -5.17% (-13.14%, 3.54%) and -10.33% (-15.68%, -4.63). The subgroup analysis showed that the association between the urinary arsenic level and testosterone level was more obvious in the group with BMI<24 kg/m² group (P_interaction=0.023). Conclusion: There is a negative association between the urinary arsenic level and serum total testosterone in Chinese men aged 18 to 79 years.
Humans ; Male ; Arsenic/urine* ; Creatinine ; East Asian People ; Testosterone/blood* ; Urinalysis ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged

Humans ; Mississippi/epidemiology* ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology* ; Meteorological Concepts ; Virus Diseases

Objective:To analyze the compatibility rules of prescriptions containing Forsythiae Fructus based on data mining and explore the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Forsythiae Fructus based on network pharmacology，so as to provide reference for the rational clinical application of Forsythiae Fructus and the development of health foods and new Chinese medicines. Method:The prescriptions containing Forsythiae Fructus in the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions were collected，based on which a clinical prescription database was constructed. The Chinese herbs combined with Forsythiae Fructus and the corresponding indications were subjected to frequency statistics，association rule analysis，and complex network analysis using SPSS Statistics 26，IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0，and Gephi 9.2. The active components and targets of Forsythiae Fructus for anti-inflammation were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP），BATMAN-TCM，and SEA，and the targets related to anti-inflammation from GeneCards，Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM），CTD，and GenCLiP3. Following the analysis of protein-protein interactions （PPI） with STRING，a PPI network was constructed. The enrichment analysis was performed using Metascape，and the active component-anti-inflammation target-signaling pathway network of Forsythiae Fructus was constructed by Cytoscape 3.8.2. Result:According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria，2 245 prescriptions containing Forsythiae Fructus were harvested，involving 512 Chinese herbs，with a total usage frequency of 27 314. The Chinese herbs that were most frequently combined with Forsythiae Fructus （>800 times） were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma （1 483 times），Scutellariae Radix （964 times），and Angelicae Sinensis Radix （842 times）. Hence，the herbal pairs "Forsythiae Fructus-Scutellariae Radix" and "Forsythiae Fructus-Angelicae Sinensis Radix" were further explored. The prescriptions containing Forsythiae Fructus could be utilized for the treatment of 29 kinds of diseases，and three representative disease categories including "carbuncle，gangrene，sores and ulcers"，"ophthalmic diseases and syndromes" and "epidemic diseases" are selected for data mining. There were 19 association rules obtained with "Forsythiae Fructus-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Lonicerae Japonicae Flos-Angelicae Sinensis Radix" as the core herb combination for "carbuncle，gangrene，sores and ulcers". The clustering analysis revealed one multi-herb clustering group，four herbal pairs，and single herb Lonicerae Japonicae Flos，the complex network analysis four herbal modules，and the factor analysis six common factors. There were 23 association rules obtained with "Forsythiae Fructus-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Scutellariae Radix-Angelicae Sinensis Radix" as the core herb combination for "ophthalmic diseases and syndromes". The clustering analysis revealed two multi-herb clustering groups and four herbal pairs，the complex network analysis four herbal modules，and the factor analysis five common factors. There were 28 association rules obtained with "Forsythiae Fructus-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Menthae Haplocalycis Herba-Lonicerae Japonicae Flos" as the core herb combination for "epidemic diseases". The clustering analysis revealed three multi-herb clustering groups，one herbal pair，and two single herbs Forsythiae Fructus and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma，the complex network analysis four herbal modules，and the factor analysis five common factors. As demonstrated by network pharmacology-based analysis，the core anti-inflammation components of Forsythiae Fructus were quercetin，luteolin，and kaempferol，and the core targets were phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 （PIK3R1），protein kinase B 1 （Akt1），and epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR）. The biological pathways were mainly concentrated in proteoglycans in cancer，pathways in cancer，and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway，with such functions as inhibition of transcription factors，regulation of enzyme activity，and inflammation-related gene expression involved. Conclusion:This study employed a variety of data mining techniques to objectively，intuitively，and scientifically uncover the compatibility rules of Forsythiae Fructus in the treatment of high-frequency diseases. It has been found that Forsythiae Fructus is often combined with heat-clearing herbs，tonifying herbs，exterior-releasing herbs，and blood-activating and stasis-resolving herbs for diverse diseases and syndromes. Under the premise of clearing heat and removing toxin，reinforcing healthy Qi and dredging stagnation are also emphasized. According to the degree of internal heat exuberance，the heat-clearing herbs with different merits are combined. This study has revealed the unique advantages of Forsythiae Fructus in the treatment of specific diseases and syndromes as well as its multi-component，multi-target，and multi-pathway mechanisms in anti-inflammation，breaking through the limitations in modern clinical and experimental research of Forsythiae Fructus. These findings are of great significance for guiding the rational clinical application of Forsythiae Fructus and the development of health foods and new Chinese medicines，thus better accelerating the development of Chinese medicine health industry.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the viral etiology and allergen distribution in infants and young children at high risk of asthma during a wheezing episode. METHODS: A total of 135 infants and young children at high risk of asthma were enrolled who were admitted due to asthmatic bronchitis or asthmatic bronchopneumonia between April 2016 and August 2017. Fluorescent probe PCR was used to measure influenza A (Flu A), respiratory syncytium virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), parainfluenza virus (PinF), human rhinovirus (HRV), human partial lung virus (hMPV) and human bocavirus (HBoV) in nasopharyngeal aspirates. ImmunoCAP was used to measure inhaled allergens, food allergens, and total IgE concentration. RESULTS: Among the 135 patients, the overall virus detection rate of nasopharyngeal aspirates was 49.6%, and HRV had the highest detection rate of 25.2%, followed by HBoV (9.6%), RSV (8.1%), PinF (5.9%), Flu-A (3.7%), ADV (1.5%) and hMPV (0.7%). The 1-3 years group had a significantly higher detection rate of HRV than the <1 year group (P<0.05). The positive rate of allergen screening was 59.3%, with 44% for inhaled allergens and 89% for food allergens. Among the inhaled allergens, dust mites had the highest positive rate of 77%, followed by mould (37%), pollen (26%) and animal dander (9%). Among the food allergens, egg white had a positive rate of 73% and milk had a positive rate of 68%. The <1 year group had a significantly higher positive rate of inhaled allergens than the 1-3 years group (P<0.05). The 1-3 years age group had a significantly higher level of T-IgE than the <1 year group (P<0.05). The positive virus group had a significantly higher positive rate of inhaled allergens than the non-virus group (P<0.05). The children with the second wheezing episode had significantly higher positive rates of inhaled allergens and food allergens and level of T-IgE than those with the first wheezing episode (P<0.05). The children with the second wheezing episode also had significantly higher positive rates of dust mites and mould than those with the first wheezing episode (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Early HRV infection and inhaled allergen sensitization are closely associated with the development of wheezing in infants and young children at high risk of asthma.
Allergens ; Animals ; Asthma ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Egg Hypersensitivity ; Humans ; Infant ; Pyroglyphidae ; Respiratory Sounds

Objective To explore whether exendin-4 inhibits AR42J cells and its mechanism.Methods AR42J cells were treated with exendin-4 under multiple concentrations(1,5,10 pmol/L) at 24,48,72,96,120 h to assess its cell viability by MTT assay and got the IC-50 and time points.Then checking whether exendin-4 could induce the AR42Jcells apoptosis by setting normal control (NC) group,exendin-4 (Ex-4) group and Ex-4+ z-VAD-fmk (apoptosis inhibitor) group,and exploring whether 3-MA which is autophagy inhibitor could inhibit the AR42J cells apoptosis induced by exendin-4 by setting NC group,Ex-4 group and Ex-4+3-MA group.Cell viability was analyzed by MTT and the cells apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the protein levels of caspase-3,LC3 and p62 were studied by Western blot.Results Concentration of 10 pmol/L exendin-4 and and time point 72 h were selected for the further study.z-VAD-fmk pretreatment can significantly inhibit the cell viability of exendin-4 by (81.2±3.3)％ vs.(49.4±3.0)％ (P＜0.05).Flow cytometry showed that exendin-4 could induce the AR42J cells apoptosis by (28.2± 1.4)％ vs.(3.6±0.8)％,and increased the caspase-3 level by Western blot,which both can be reversed by (79.1 ±2.3) ％ vs.(49.8±2.5)％ (P＜0.05) when the cells were treated for 72 h,as was apoptosis ratio by (14.5±2.1)％ vs.(29.2±3.2)％.Western blot showed that exendin-4 can upregulate protein levels of LC3B-Ⅱ,p62 和 caspase-3 and 3-MA,and pretreatment can inhibit the upregulation of LC3B-Ⅱ and caspase-3 but further increased the upregulation of p62 induced by exendin-4.Conclusions Exendin-4 can induce AR42J cells apoptosis and 3-MA pretreating can inhibit exendin-4 cytotoxicity through downregulating autophagy.So auto phagy inhibitor 3-MA could potentially extenuate the cytotoxicity of exendin-4 in pancreatic acinar cells.

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory adenovirus (ADV) infections in children from the Suzhou area, China.

METHODSThe clinical data of ADV-positive children out of 35 529 children with respiratory tract infections who were hospitalized in the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between January 2006 and December 2015 were retrospectively studied.

RESULTSOf the 35 529 children with respiratory tract infections, 440 (1.24%) were ADV-positive. There was no significant difference in the rate of ADV infections between boys and girls (1.18% vs 1.34%). The ADV infection rates of children at the age of <1 year old, 1-3 years old, 3-7 years old and 7-14 years old were 0.39% (71/18 002), 1.12% (103/9 191), 3.14% (201/6 398), and 3.35%( 65/1 938) respectively and the rate increased with age (P<0.01). The ADV infection rates in spring [1.85%(60/8 658)] and summer [2.20%(189/8 606)] were significantly higher than in autumn [0.30%(27/8 952)] and winter [0.69%(64/9 313)] (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe ADV infection rate is increased with age in the children from the Suzhou area, but it is not associated with gender. ADV infections are more common in spring and summer.

Adenoviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; Time Factors

Objective To examine the expression and analyze the significance of autophagy-related gene microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (MAP1-LC3,LC3),p62 and lysosorne-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) in pancreatic tissues of mice with acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods Twenty mice were randomized into AP group and control group,and the number of mice was equal between two groups.AP group was intra-peritoneally injected by 20％ L-arginine solution (two injections of 4 g/kg body weight,every 1 h) in the dosage of 4 g/l kg twice every 1 hour to establish AP model,while control group was administered with equal volume of normal saline by intra-peritoneal injection.All the mice were euthanized at 24 hour after the last injection.Pancreatic histopathological changes were measured.In addition,the protein expressions of LC3,p62 and LAMP-2 were detected by Western blot.Results No obvious pathological changes were observed in control group.Pancreatic acinar edema,structure destruction,missing,the obvious widening of interlobular septum,small interlobular septum and acinar septum,and the necrosis of acinar cells at different degrees were observed in AP group.The pathological score for tissue edema,hemorrhage,necrosis and inflammation in AP group was 3.13 ± 0.50,2.83 ± 0.32,3.25 ± 0.46 and 3.16 ± 0.47,respectively,which was all 0 in control group.The differences were statistically significant between AP group and control group (P ＜ 0.01).In AP group,the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,p62 and LAMP-2 protein in pancreatic tissue were 1.16 ± 0.08,0.94 ± 0.04 and 0.35 ± 0.04,respectively,which were 0.24 ± 0.02,0.34 ± 0.03 and 0.95 ± 0.03 in control group.The ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ and p62 protein in pancreatic tissue in AP group were much higher than those in control group,while LAMP-2 in AP group was lower than that in control group,and there was statistically significant difference between two groups (all P ＜0.01).Conclusions Intraperitoneal injection of L-arginine could induce acute pancreatitis,and autophagy is impaired,which was associated with decreased LAMP-2 protein expression.

Objective To explore the alteration and effect of autophagy in pancreas tissue of rat injected by exenatide.Methods Diabetes model rats were induced by two-month high-sugar and high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection (35 mg/kg) in normal rats.50 SD male rats were divided into four groups according to the principle of complete random design,namely normal control group (n=10),normal exenatide-injected group (n=10),diabetes-model control group (n=l5) and diabetes-model exenatide-injected group (n=15).Rats in exenatide-injected groups were subcutaneously injected with exenatide respectively in 5 μg/kg dose each time,twice a day,at 8 a.m.and 6 p.m.Animal weights were weighted weekly and the dose of exenatide was adjusted according to current weight.Rats in the two control groups were injected with the corresponding amount of saline.Mter 10 weeks of treatment,all rats were killed and pancreatic tissues were disposed.Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of GLP-1R in pancreatic tissues.Western blot was used to test the expressions of LC3-Ⅰ,LC3-Ⅱ and p62 in pancreatic tissues,and LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio and p62 were compared between any two groups.All specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE).The data were expressed as means ± standard deviation and were analyzed by unpaired Student t test using SPSS 18.0 statistics software.P value ＜0.05 was considered to be statistically significant for all tests.Results The pancreatic tissues from 13 rats (6 from the normal exenatide-injected group and 7 from the diabetes-model exenatide-injected group) appeared pathological changes such as gland structure damage,pancreatic cells atrophy and cells compartment broadening.The expressions of GLP-1R,LC3-Ⅱ and p62,and LC3B-Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio in the two exenatide-injected groups were higher than those in the respective control group,and the differences had statistical significance (P＜0.05).Conclusions Long-term subcutaneous injection of exenatide can upregulate the expression of GLP-1R in rat pancreatic acinar cells and may induce the impaiment of autophagy flux in rat pancreatic cell.