Aim To investigate the effect taurine on ischemia-induced neuron apoptosis and its mechanisms. Methods Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After 6 h permanent MCAO, mRNA expressions of Caspase-3/8 of rat brain were detected with real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (real-time QRT-PCR). Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to induce an in vitro ischemia model. Primarily cultured cortical neurons were exposed to 4 h OGD. Intracellular calcium concentrations([Ca~(2+)]_i) was measured with fluorescent Ca~(2+) sensitive probe fura 2 acetoxylmethyl ester (Fura 2/AM). Neuronal apoptosis was assayed with flow cytometry of FITC-annexinV/propidium iodide binding 24 h after OGD. Results mRNA expressions of Caspase-3/8 were upregulated in MCAO model. [Ca~(2+)]_i and neuronal apoptosis were markedly increased in OGD model. Taurine pretreatment reduced the upregulation of mRNA expression of Caspase-3/8 in vivo and ameliorated calcium overload and neuronal apoptosis in vitro. Conclusion Taurine has neuroprotective effect against ischema-induced neuronal apoptosis. This is partly due to its effects on Caspase-3/8 and [Ca~(2+)]_i

Objective To observe the hemodynamic changes on right ventricular hypertrophy induced by monocrotaline in rats . Methods Male SD rats were given monocrotaline 60 mg/kg by a single intraperitoneal injection ,the mRNA expression of RV/BW , RVHI and ANF were took as the indicators .Intraperitoneal injection with 10% chloral hydrate was performed ,the artery cannulae and right ventricular catheter were inserted ,and the right ventricle pressure was measured .Results The RVHI and RV/BW were significantly increased in M2W and M4W groups ,compared with vehicle control (P<0 .01) ,and the ANF mRNA expression was significantly increased in both groups .Bp and HR did not change in model groups .RVEDP markedly decreased (P< 0 .01) and RVP ,± dp/dtmax ,t dp/dtmax and Vpm increased (P<0 .001) in M2W groups ;and all parameters increased significantly in M4W groups (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Monocrotaline can induce RVH ,which accompany hemodynamic changes and the systolic and dias‐tolic dysfunction in right ventricle may eventually cause right heart failure .

Objective: To explore effect of TfR on immune function after ionizing by investigating changes in TfR expression on splenic lymphocytes of mice after whole body irradiation (WBI) with different dose X-rays. Methods: Direct immunoflurescence antibodies and flow cytometry were used to examine the changes of TfR expression. Results: The cell number of TfR positive expression in spleens increased significantly at 24 hours and 72 hours after WBI with 75 mGy X-rays but the cell number of TfR positive expression in spleens decreased significantly at 24 hours after WBI with 1～6 Gy X-rays. The activity of IL-2, meanwhile, demonstrated a parallel change. Conclusion: These results suggest that the TfR enhances immune function in low dose ionizing radiation but suppresses immune function in high dose. The change of TfR expression may be due to the change of IL-2 activity caused by ionizing radiation.

AIM To observe the protective effect of taurine on focal cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS Male SD rats were divided at random into three groups, i.e. sham-operated, control and treatment group respectively. Before ischemia impairment, taurine(250 mg?kg -1?d -1)was administrated ip for one week in treatment group. A nylon suture was inserted into internal carotid artery to occlude the beginning of middle cerebral artery(MCAO). After 3 h permanent occlusion, neurology deficit score was evaluated. At 6 h, all animals were decapitated rapidly to get brain tissue. Brain infarct region was stained by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium(TTC) and the size was measured by AUTOCAD. Contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and activity of superoxide dismetase(SOD) in brain tissue were detected by spectrophotometer. Expressions of iNOS and inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were observed through immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS Compared with the control group:Taurine can ameliorate neurological deficit score and decrease infarct volume induced by MCAO. Taurine improved the activity of SOD, but did not affect NOS activity in the infarct without affecting MDA content after 6 h MCAO. Taurine decreased the positive expression of ICAM-1 significantly in brain slice. CONCLUSION The results suggest that taurine may reduce expression of ICAM-1 and improve activity of SOD, and play an neuroprotective effect against middle cerebral artery occulusion.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of total flavanones of Sedum sarmentosum (SSTF) on the apoptosis of rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) and its mechanism.

METHODDifferent concentrations of SSTF and HSC-T6 cells were co-cultured for different period of time. The MTT assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of SSTF on the proliferation of HSC-T6 cells. The flow cytometry Annexin-V/PI double staining method was adopted to detect SSTF's effect on HSC-T6 cell apoptosis. Western blotting and Real-time PCR methods were applied to observe the effect on the protein and mRNA expressions of apoptosis-related cytokines Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3.

RESULTSSTF significantly inhibited HSC-T6 cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in a dose and time dependent manner. According to Western blotting result, SSTF promoted apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2, Bax and promoting the protein expression of Caspase-3; according to a further Real-time PCR study, Bcl-2 mRNA levels can inhibit Bcl-2 and promote Bax and Caspase-3 expressions.

CONCLUSIONSSTF has the effect of promoting the apoptosis of HSC-T6 mainly by inhibiting Bcl-2 and promoting protein and mRNA expressions of Bax and caspase-3.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Flavanones ; pharmacology ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Sedum ; chemistry

In order to improve the management efficiency of standardized residency training for rehabilitation medicine and ensure the quality of training for trainees, we have conducted a precise management exploration of standardized residency training for rehabilitation medicine residents based on mobile phone platforms. An highly efficient and precise rehabilitation medicine residents training system has been constructed by applying some widely used APPs and network functions in China, such as WeChat, Sojump, Teachermate, Ding Talk, etc. With the mobile phone WeChat as the medium, the management framework of the residency training base has been built. The student information input, assessment, evaluation and feedback system have been completed through the questionnaire star as the medium. The Internet extension of teaching and training activities has been realized by the teachermate. Through the Ding Talk, the individualized precise graduation examination arrangements for the trainees have been achieved, and the customized skill training arrangements and records have also been achieved. Through the use of these modern teaching techniques and training methods, the precise and efficient management of the rehabilitation medicine standardized residency training has been basically realized.

Objective To optimize extraction technology of Fufang-Fuqing-Xiji.Methods Orthogonal test combined with Plackett-Burman experimental design was adopted to study the influence factors of water extraction in Fufang-Fuqing-Xiji. The contents of chlorogenic acid, paeoniflorin and caffeic acid in Fufang-Fuqing-Xiji were determined by HPLC gradient elution method at the same time. A multi-index comprehensive score method was applied to analyze the data and to screen the optimum extraction technology. Results The best extraction conditions of Fufang-Fuqing-Xiji were as following: threaded 80 mesh sieve, soaked 2 h, decocted 3 times with 12 times the amount of water for 1h each time.Conclusions This optimized extraction technology was rational and stable, which could be used for the extraction ofFufang-Fuqing-Xiji.

Objective To investigate the synthesis, in vivo biodistribution of 99Tcm-HYNIC-PEG4-E[PEG4-c (RGDfk)] 2 (99 Tcm-Galacto-RGD2), and its potential usage for targeted imaging of mice orthotopic glioma.Methods 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2 was synthesized straightforward and its radiochemical purity and stability and distribution in mice were analyzed.MicroSPECT-CT imaging was done in a mice orthotopic glioma model, which had been set up with U87MG cells, after administration of 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2.Region of interest (ROI) of glioma was drawn on SPECT-CT section images to quantify tumor uptake (％ ID/cm3).Glioma was harvested for pathological examination.Linear-regression was used to analyze the relationship between integrin αvβ3 and tumor uptake (％ID/cm3).Results The radiochemical purity of 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2 was (97.7 ±0.8)％ and stable in vitro.Hynic-Galacto-RGD2 could specifically bind to integrin αv β3 of tumor cells with a IC50 of (18 ± 3) nmol/L.After tail vein injection, 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2 was rapidly discharged from the blood, liver, kidneys and had a relative low concentration in normal brain tissue.MicroSPECT-CT imaging demonstrated that, after 60 min of injection, this drug was well uptaken by glioma tumor than that after 30 min (t =7.13 ,P ＜0.05), and the tumor to normal brain tissue (T/B) uptake ratio of 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2 was 13.92± 3.43.Injection of HYNICGalacto-RGD2 2 min prior to 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2 injection extensively reduced the uptake of radioactive drug in tumor tissue (t =11.36, P ＜ 0.05).Bland-Altman analysis showed that tumor volume based on SPECT-CT imaging measurement had almost same value with the tumor reference volume (95％ CI =-11.94％-11.92％).In addition, the tumor uptake of 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2 and cellular integrin αvβ3 expression level had a linear relationship (R2 =0.896).Conclusions Stable 99Tcm-Galacto-RGD2 can be synthesized easily and is applicable for microSPECT-CT imaging analysis of orthotopic glioma in mice together with the evaluation of integrin αvβ3 level in tumor.

Objective To investigate the effects of artesunate on human cervical cancer cell line HeLa.Methods The inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay.Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescent staining were applied to demonstrate the presence of apoptosis.Cell cycle,reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential(??m) were examined by flow cytometry,respectively.Expression of caspase-3 was detected by immunohistochemical methods.Results Growth inhibition of ART on HeLa cells was time-and dose-dependent.Apoptotic feature was observed by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescent staining.The blocking of the cell cycle was in S-phase.The expression of caspase-3 in cytoplasm was positive.The generation of ROS increased obviously(P

AIM Taurine was reported neuroprotective under several ischemic models in vivo. In this study, the direct effect of taurine against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) inducing acute neuronal injury and the underlying mechanisms in vitro were investigated. METHODSFour hours OGD was used to induce in vitro ischemic injury in rat cortical neurons. Taurine 5, 10 and 20 mmol·L-1 was added 20 h before and during 4 h OGD period respectively. Mortality rate of neuron was assayed by MTT and flow cytometry methods. Level of neuronal [Ca2+]i was detected by Fura 2/AM loading. Amino acid concentrations in culture media were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Under OGD conditions, neuronal death was markedly increased, and the levels of neuronal [Ca2+]i and extracellular glutamate level were enhanced obviously. Taurine pretreatment obviously decreased the percentage of neuronal death induced by OGD. In addition, abnormal elevation of neuronal [Ca2+]i and extracellular glutamate level induced by OGD both were markedly repressed by taurine. CONCLUSION Taurine can alleviate rat cortical neuron injury induced by OGD, the mechanisms were likely due to repressing calcium overload and inhibiting excessive release or leakage of glutamate under such conditions.