In August 2021, three students with diarrhea from the same school visited a local hospital in the S district of Beijing. An epidemic investigation showed that there were more students with diarrhea in the same school and they had one meal together. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from both patients with diarrhea and asymptomatic food handlers; however, the latter also carried Campylobacter coli. Phylogenomic analysis showed that there was a campylobacteriosis outbreak among the students, and the asymptomatic food handler may have been the source of the infection. Routine inspection and surveillance for Campylobacter is needed for the food producing staff, particularly those cooking in the cafeteria in schools or other public food services.
Humans ; Campylobacter Infections/epidemiology* ; Gastroenteritis ; Diarrhea ; Campylobacter ; Disease Outbreaks

OBJECTIVETo understand the occurrence and distribution of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken in China, assess its health risk to the Chinese population, and provide recommendations for effective risk control.

METHODSData from the National Food Safety Risk Surveillance Network on Campylobacter jejuni between 2007 and 2010 and from published articles were analyzed. Eleven parameters were used based on the whole chicken preparation process and prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni for risk assessment by using the Ross-Sumner Method.

RESULTSThe detection rates of Campylobacter jejuni in raw chicken were between 0.29% and 2.28% during 2007-2010 in China (more than 20 provinces). The probability of illness caused by Campylobacter jejuni due to chicken consumption was around six out of one million consumers per day in urban areas and around one out of one million consumers per day in rural areas. Total predicted illnesses per year was about 736 000, accounting for 1.6‰ of the general population in urban areas and about 301 000, accounting for 0.37‰ of the total population in rural areas. The risk rankings of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken were 52 and 49 in urban and rural areas, respectively.

CONCLUSIONA high risk score for Campylobacter jejuni in chicken was obtained in China. This result may contribute to development of food safety management strategies. Key efforts should be made to control the risk of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken in China, especially in chick breeding and chicken preparation processes.

Animals ; Campylobacter Infections ; epidemiology ; veterinary ; Campylobacter jejuni ; Chickens ; China ; epidemiology ; Diet ; Food Handling ; Food Microbiology ; Poultry Diseases ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Assessment ; Transportation

OBJECTIVETo explore the risk factors for Guillain-Barre syndrome.

METHODSCase-control study design was used in 51 cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome, and 51 matched controls. All of the 51 cases in this study had been examined by electrophysiology. Serum IgG antibodies specific for C. jejuni were determined in all the subjects by ELISA. Each case and control were interviewed using an ad hoc questionnaire, including his/her demographic information, onset of the illness, their personal hygiene and so on.

RESULTSThe study showed that Guillain-Barre syndrome was associated with a few factors, such as polio vaccine immunization before onset of illness (OR=7.27), no hand washing after defecation and before meals (OR=6.15). Infection of C. jejuni was strongly associated with the illness (OR=9.5, P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONIt is suggested that occurrence of Guillain-Barre syndrome may correlate to infection of C. jejuni and poor personal hygiene in children.

Adolescent ; Campylobacter Infections ; complications ; Campylobacter jejuni ; pathogenicity ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; epidemiology ; etiology ; microbiology ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; analysis ; Infant ; Male ; Poliovirus Vaccines ; adverse effects ; Risk Factors

On July 6, 2009, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among middle school students in Incheon. An investigation to identify the source and describe the extent of the outbreak was conducted. A retrospective cohort study among students, teachers, and food handlers exposed to canteen food in the middle school was performed. Using self-administered questionnaires, information was collected concerning on symptoms, days that canteen food was consumed, and food items consumed. Stool samples were collected from 66 patients and 11 food handlers. The catering kitchen was inspected and food samples were taken. Of the 791 people who ate canteen food, 92 cases became ill, representing an attack rate of 11.6%. Thirty-one (40.3%) of the 77 stool specimens were positive for Campylobacter jejuni. Interviews with kitchen staff indicated the likelihood that undercooked chicken was provided. This is the first recognized major C. jejuni outbreak associated with contaminated chicken documented in Korea.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Campylobacter Infections/*epidemiology ; *Campylobacter jejuni ; Chickens ; Cohort Studies ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Food Contamination ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Water Microbiology

OBJECTIVETo understand pathogen patterns of enteric infectious diseases and its impact on this pattern due to aggregation of a great deal of foreign visitors during Beijing Olympic Games.

METHODSThe diarrheal patient's rectal swabs and stool specimens were collected from Olympic stadium and hospitals of four districts, including Dongcheng, Xicheng, Haidian and Chaoyang. Enteric multiple pathogens were detected from the total 45 specimens. The culture method was used for the enteric bacteria, ELISA and RT-PCR for the enteric viruses. Molecular typing of Salmonella Enteritidis isolation was completed by PFGE.

RESULTSIt was found that 26 out of 45 cases were positive with 57.8 percent for pathogen detection, and 24 were identified as enteric pathogenic bacteria, including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni, two as norovirus. There were mixed infections of two pathogenic bacteria for three cases. Ten kinds of pathogens were detected from foreign cases, while five kinds from Chinese cases. A total of 5 PFGE patterns were identified in 10 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from national and foreign diarrheal cases, which were concentrative in some extent.

CONCLUSIONVibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni were found to be the primary bacterial pathogens during the Olympic Games. Enteric virus infection existed in summer diarrhea.

Adult ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; Campylobacter jejuni ; classification ; isolation & purification ; China ; Diarrhea ; epidemiology ; etiology ; microbiology ; virology ; Enterobacteriaceae ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Enterovirus ; isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli Infections ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Salmonella ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Shigella ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Sports ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ; classification ; isolation & purification