Campylobacter jejuni is one of the important bacterial pathogens causing entero-invasive diarrhea; however, C. jejuni infection is rarely complicated by bacteremia or extra-intestinal localization. In the domestic literature, the majority of the relevant reports have focused on Campylobacter fetus, which causes bacteremia more frequently than enteritis, but there are no reports of C. jejuni bacteremia in Korea. We present the case of a 13-year-old girl who presented with abdominal pain. Blood cultures revealed curved Gram- negative bacilli and small, mucoid, gray colonies on blood agar plates at 37degrees C. Biochemical tests showed oxidase-positive colonies. To confirm the species, 16S rRNA sequence analysis was performed. The isolate exhibited 99.7% homology to C. jejuni subsp. jejuni. The patient was treated with third-generation cephalosporin and aminoglycoside and had negative blood cultures after three days of treatment. She fully recovered within four days with no complications.
Abdominal Pain ; Adolescent ; Agar ; Bacteremia ; Campylobacter ; Campylobacter fetus ; Campylobacter jejuni ; Child ; Enteritis ; Humans ; Korea ; Sequence Analysis

Campylobacter coli/isolation & purification* ; Campylobacter jejuni/isolation & purification*

The antibacterial effects of a combination of Coptidis rhizoma and Galla rhois extracts (CGE) were evaluated in piglets. The minimum bactericidal concentration of CGE was 2.0 mg/mL. Thirty 5-week-old piglets were challenged with Campylobacter (C.) coli after allocation to three different groups, a control and two treatment groups fed with CGE at 2.0 or 4.0 g/kg feed for 7 days. On day 7, C. coli in the feces of the CGE-treated groups were significantly lower than in the control (p < 0.01). These results suggest that CGE can be used to control C. coli in piglets.
Campylobacter coli* ; Campylobacter* ; Feces

The present study evaluated the effects of a mixture of Galla rhois and Cinnamomum cassia extracts (GCE) (1 : 1, w/w) on susceptibility to the colonization of Campylobacter (C.) jejuni in broilers. Eighty two-week-old broilers (n = 20 per group) were used to estimate the efficacy of GCE against C. jejuni infection via drinking water. Antibacterial activity testing revealed that the minimum bactericidal concentration of GCE against C. jejuni was 2.5 mg/mL. Broilers challenged with C. jejuni were administered 0.0 (Non-GCE), 2.5 (GCE-2.5), 5.0 (GCE-5.0) and 10.0 g/L (GCE-10) GCE for 7 days, and the cecal contents were collected from five broilers per group on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day post-treatment. On day 3 post-administration, the number of C. jejuni in GCE-5.0 (p < 0.05) and GCE-10 (p < 0.01) was significantly decreased relative to Non-GCE, while on day 7 those in all GCE-treated groups were significantly decreased compared to the Non-GCE group (p < 0.001). Hematological and blood biochemical analysis revealed no significant differences in parameters between the Non-GCE and GCE-treated groups. Based on the results of the present study, GCE was identified as a safe and alternative candidate to suppress C. jejuni colonization in broilers.
Campylobacter jejuni* ; Campylobacter* ; Chickens* ; Cinnamomum aromaticum* ; Cinnamomum* ; Colon* ; Drinking Water

Reliable transport of Campylobacter jejuni isolates is critical to microbial epidemiology research, especially in developing countries without a good temperature control mailing system. Various factors, including oxygen, temperature, transport medium composition, could affect the survival of C. jejuni. In this study, the protective effects of different ingredients in C. jejuni transport media at 4 °C and 25 °C and under aerobic condition were quantitatively evaluated respectively. The results showed that enriched medium, supplementation with 5% blood and being kept at 4 °C could improve the viability of different C. jejuni strains during transport. In addition, supplementation with 25 mmol/L L-fucose in Wang's transport medium could significantly improve the survival of C. jejuni at both 4 °C and 25 °C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to evaluate the protective effect of L-fucose in enriched C. jejuni transport medium which is feasible in developing countries without an effective cold chain mailing system. These data will be good reference for C. jejuni transport medium improvement in future.
Bacteriological Techniques ; Campylobacter jejuni ; Culture Media

OBJECTIVEThis study was to simultaneously identify Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates in China by Multi-PCR assay and to study the prevalence of six virulence and toxin genes on them.

METHODSA multi-PCR method with three sets of primers specifically designed for application of a 16S rRNA as a universal control, mapA, ceuE based on the specific sequence of C. jejuni and C. coli, was applied to detect 65 Campylobacter isolates from China. Another two separately PCR Primers were directed towards the hippuricase gene (hipO) characteristic of C.jejuni and glyA gene characteristic of C. coli were performed for further confirmation. The presence of the cadF, virB11, flaA, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC genes among these 65 strains were investigated by PCR.

RESULTSFrom multi-PCR detection, 42 isolates belonged to C. jejuni, other 23 isolates belong to C. coli. Data showing the identification were 100% in concordance with the separated PCR for hipO and glyA amplification. The efficiency (100%) of identification by these three primers multi-PCR method was higher than the biochemical test (83.1%). The cadF and flaA genes were detected from 100% (65/65) of the isolates and the PCR product of each gene were identical with each isolate. Only 10.8% (7/65) of the isolates were positive for virB11. The cdtA gene was found in 92% (60/65) of the isolates. 97.6% (41/42) of C. jejuni had cdtB gene, whereas no PCR product with this primers for all the C. coli isolates. cdtC was presented in all the isolates but the lengths of PCR products were different. For C. jejuni, it was 555 bp, for C. coli, it was about 465 bp.

CONCLUSIONThis three primers simultaneous multi-PCR method seemed to be useful for the identification of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates from China since cadF and flaA genes were widely spread in Campylobacter isolates in this country. The present report on virB11 was similar to previous reports from other countries, but the distribution of cdt gene cluster in Campylobacter species isolated from China might be different.

Campylobacter coli ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Campylobacter jejuni ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; China ; DNA Primers ; Genes, Bacterial ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Virulence ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo determine Campylobacter contamination level and antimicrobial resistance patterns from chicken carcasses in supermarkets and farmer's markets of 9 districts in Beijing.

METHODSFrom August 2012 to July 2013, whole chicken carcasses (n = 240) were collected from 27 supermarkets and 18 farmer's markets of nine districts in Beijing. The level of Campylobacter contamination was enumerated by plate counting method using the modified Karmali and modified Preston agar. Presumptive Campylobacter isolates were identified and characterized by gram stain, agglumination test and a multiplex PCR method. The level of Campylobacter contamination was calculated following the USDA/FSIS Campylobacter enumeration method. Selected 151 Campylobacter isolates were further characterized by minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of eight antimicrobials.

RESULTSA total of 26.3% (63/240) of the retail whole chicken carcasses were contaminated by Campylobacter and 151 Campylobacter isolates were recovered, including 85 Campylobacter jejuni isolates and 66 Campylobacter coli isolates. The P25, P50, P75 of Campylobacter contamination concentration were 7.5, 45.0 and 350.0 CFU/g, respectively. The antimicrobial resistance rate of C. jejuni and C. coli were as the following: azithromycin(AZI, 13% (11/85), 82% (54/85)), chloramphenicol (CHL, 33% (28/85), 42% (28/85)), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 95% (81/85), 100% (85/85)), doxycycline (DOX, 38% (32/85), 80% (53/85)), erythromycin (ERY, 12% (10/85), 82% (54/85)), gentamicin (GEN, 25% (21/85), 68% (45/85)), tetracycline (TET, 67% (57/85), 73% (62/85)), all isolates were susceptible to meropenem (MEP). The multi-drug resistance ratio of C. jejuni (55% (47/85) )was significantly lower than that (86% (57/66) )of C. coli (χ(2) = 16.70, P < 0.01). Among 151 Campylobacter isolates, 21 antimicrobial resistance patterns were identified, including 20 patterns among C. jejuni isolates and 10 patterns among C.coli isolates. Among C.jejuni isolates, CIP-DOX-TET was dominant (22% (19/85)), followed by CIP-TET (14% (12/85)), CHL-CIP-TET(9% (8/85)) and CHL-CIP-GEN (7% (6/85)). Among C.coli isolates,AZI-CHL-CIP-DOX-ERY-GEN-TET (35% (23/66)) was the dominant, followed by AZI-CIP-DOX-ERY-GEN-TET (21% (14/66) )and AZI-CIP-DOX-ERY-TET(15% (10/66)).

CONCLUSIONOur findings showed a high prevalence and concentration of Campylobacter contamination in retail chicken carcasses of nine districts in Beijing, especially the on-site slaughtered chicken from the farmer's markets. The resistance levels of these recovered Campylobacter isolates were serious.

Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Campylobacter coli ; classification ; drug effects ; Campylobacter jejuni ; classification ; drug effects ; Chickens ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Food Microbiology ; Meat ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests

BACKGROUND: The test for hippurate hydrolysis is critical for differentiation of C. jejuni and other thermophilic Campylobacter species. So, we evaluated the disk method for detection of hippurate hydrolysis by C. jejuni. METHODS: Twenty-eight Campylobacter species isolated from stool culture were simultaneously tested with disk method for detection of hippurate hydrolysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for hippuricase specific gene. Disk method was tested with difference in incubation time (2 hours vs. 4 hours), hippurate concentration (1%, 2%, and 4%), amount of ninhydrin (50 microliter vs. 100 microliter), and inoculation method (colony vs. suspension of organism adjusted by turbidity), finally, 24 types of disk methods were performed. RESULTS: By using hippuricase PCR method as the reference for the detection of hippurate hydrolysis, the disk method showed a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 100% when two kinds of disk methods were simultaneously performed. CONCLUSIONS: The disk method for detection of hippurate hydrolysis is simple to use and require fewer cells than the tube method do, and should be useful as a routine diagnostic test in clinical laboratory for rapid identification of C. jejuni.
Campylobacter jejuni* ; Campylobacter* ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Hydrolysis* ; Ninhydrin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Systemic infections of campylobacter fetus are rare in human beings. Only 22 cases(including our case) of C. fetus infection have been reported in Korea. We are presenting a case of subdural empyema caused by C. fetus. The patient was a 71 year old man of chronic alcoholism.
Aged ; Alcoholism ; Campylobacter fetus* ; Campylobacter* ; Empyema, Subdural* ; Fetus ; Humans ; Korea

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) has been known to be preceded by various infections such as Campylobacter jejuni, cytomegalovirus, and so on. We have experienced a case of GBS after a preceding herpes zoster, which was complicated by GBS, which is rare. Some circumstantial and experimental clues suggest a possible causal relationship between those two. Here we report the case along with a literature review.
Campylobacter jejuni ; Cytomegalovirus ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome ; Herpes Zoster* ; Molecular Mimicry