Pancreatic duct stones are a common complication during the natural course of chronic pancreatitis and often contribute to additional pain and pancreatitis. Abdominal pain, one of the major symptoms of chronic pancreatitis, is believed to be caused in part by obstruction of the pancreatic duct system (by stones or strictures) resulting in increasing intraductal pressure and parenchymal ischemia. Pancreatic stones can be managed by surgery, endoscopy, or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. In this review, updated management of pancreatic duct stones is discussed.
Abdominal Pain/etiology ; Balloon Dilation ; Calcinosis/complications/diagnosis/physiopathology/surgery/*therapy ; Calculi/diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology/surgery/*therapy ; *Endoscopy/instrumentation ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Pancreatic Ducts/physiopathology/*surgery ; Pancreatitis, Chronic/complications/diagnosis/physiopathology/surgery/*therapy ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome

Male infertility due to obstructive azoospermia is a well-known entity. It is characterised by obstruction to the outflow of sperms either in the epididymis, vas, seminal vesicles or the ejaculatory ducts. We describe a rare case of obstructive azoospermia due to compression of the ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle by a large lower ureteric stone in a 30-year-old man who had infertility for the past ten years. The patient's azoospermia resolved after removal of the stone.
Adult ; Azoospermia ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; diagnosis ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Male ; Seminal Vesicles ; physiopathology ; Sperm Count ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ureteral Calculi ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery