Bone and Bones ; metabolism ; Calcium ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; Dietary Supplements ; Humans

Administration, Oral ; Calcium Compounds ; poisoning ; Humans ; Sulfides ; poisoning

BACKGROUNDChinese dietary reference intakes for calcium are largely based on foreign studies. We undertook meta-regression to estimate calcium requirements for Chinese adults derived from calcium balance data in Chinese adults.

METHODSWe searched PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and SinoMed from inception to March 5, 2014, by using a structured search strategy. The bibliographies of any relevant papers and journals were also screened for potentially eligible studies. We extracted a standardized data set from studies in Chinese adults that reported calcium balance data. The relationship between calcium intake and output was examined by an individual participant data (IPD) and aggregate data (AD) meta-regression.

RESULTSWe identified 11 metabolic studies in Chinese adults within 18-60 years of age. One hundred and forty-one IPD (n = 35) expressed as mg/d, 127 IPD (n = 32) expressed as mg×kg body wt(-1)×d(-1), and 44 AD (n = 132) expressed as mg/d were collected. The models predicted a neutral calcium balance (defined as calcium output (Y) equal to calcium intake (C)) at intakes of 460 mg/d (Y = 0.60C+183.98) and 8.27 mg×kg body wt(-1)×d(-1) (Y = 0.60C+3.33) for IPD, or 409 mg/d (Y = 0.66C+139.00) for AD. Calcium requirements at upper intakes were higher than that at lower intakes in all these models.

CONCLUSIONCalcium requirement for Chinese adults 18-60 years of age approximately ranges between 400 mg/d and 500 mg/d when consuming traditional plant-based Chinese diets.

Adult ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Nutritional Requirements

Total 87 patients were divided into 4 different dosage and try to observe what was affected to cardiovascular system depends on the increasing the plasma ionized cakium concentration (3% calcium chloride; 4 mg/kg, as its double 8 mg/kg and 10% calcium gluconate; 14 mg/kg, as its double 28 mg/kg). The results were as follows;, 1) Though using double dosage of 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate, could not get to increase as double of plasma ionized calcium concentration. 2) Plasma ionized calcium concentration was increased to the highest level on 1 minute after intravenous administration with each dosage and after increasing to highest level was show to be decreased gradually during 30 minutes after injection. 3) Heart rate was decreased until 30 minute after injection with each dosage of 10% calcium gluconate with statistically significancy (p<0.05) but when 3% calcium chloride were used, the change of heart rate following increase of calcium concentration have not any statistically signi- ficancy. 4) When 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate were used, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and increasing of plasma ionized calcium concentration have not any statistically signi- ficancy. 5) Changing of cardiac index (CI) following plasma ionized calcium concentration, have only statistically significancy after each dosage of 10% calcium gluconate was injected but each dosage of 3% calcium chloride have not any statistically significancy respectively. With the above results, equivalent dosage of 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate were increased as similar change of plasma ionized calcium concentration but 10% calcium gluconate 14 mg/kg, 28 mg/kg are only have statistically significany between the change of PR, CI and increasing plasma ionized calcium concentration (p<0.05).
Administration, Intravenous ; Arterial Pressure ; Calcium Chloride* ; Calcium Gluconate* ; Calcium* ; Cardiovascular System* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous* ; Plasma*

Total 87 patients were divided into 4 different dosage and try to observe what was affected to cardiovascular system depends on the increasing the plasma ionized cakium concentration (3% calcium chloride; 4 mg/kg, as its double 8 mg/kg and 10% calcium gluconate; 14 mg/kg, as its double 28 mg/kg). The results were as follows;, 1) Though using double dosage of 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate, could not get to increase as double of plasma ionized calcium concentration. 2) Plasma ionized calcium concentration was increased to the highest level on 1 minute after intravenous administration with each dosage and after increasing to highest level was show to be decreased gradually during 30 minutes after injection. 3) Heart rate was decreased until 30 minute after injection with each dosage of 10% calcium gluconate with statistically significancy (p<0.05) but when 3% calcium chloride were used, the change of heart rate following increase of calcium concentration have not any statistically signi- ficancy. 4) When 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate were used, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and increasing of plasma ionized calcium concentration have not any statistically signi- ficancy. 5) Changing of cardiac index (CI) following plasma ionized calcium concentration, have only statistically significancy after each dosage of 10% calcium gluconate was injected but each dosage of 3% calcium chloride have not any statistically significancy respectively. With the above results, equivalent dosage of 3% calcium chloride and 10% calcium gluconate were increased as similar change of plasma ionized calcium concentration but 10% calcium gluconate 14 mg/kg, 28 mg/kg are only have statistically significany between the change of PR, CI and increasing plasma ionized calcium concentration (p<0.05).
Administration, Intravenous ; Arterial Pressure ; Calcium Chloride* ; Calcium Gluconate* ; Calcium* ; Cardiovascular System* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous* ; Plasma*

OBJECTIVETo investigate calcium, iron and magnesium intakes of preterm infants' mothers before and during pregnancy and calcium, iron and magnesium levels of preterm infants and their mothers in order to provide basis for studying the effect of nutritional factors on the occurrence of prematurity.

METHODSTwo hundred and forty matched cases (preterm infants and their mothers) and controls (term infants and their mothers) were recruited. A nutritional survey of calcium, iron and magnesium intakes was performed in the mothers before and during pregnancy. Calcium, iron and magnesium levels in maternal plasma and in cord blood, placenta, breast milk, meconium, and amniotic fluid were measured with axial view inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).

RESULTSIron and magnesium intakes in preterm infants' mothers were significantly less than those in term infants' mothers before pregnancy (P<0.05). Iron and calcium intakes in preterm infants' mothers were also significantly less than those in term infants' mothers during pregnancy (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that iron and calcium levels of preterm infants' mothers were significantly lower than those of term infants' mothers (P<0.05). The preterm infants showed significantly lower iron and magnesium levels than term infants (P<0.05). Plasma levels of calcium, iron and magnesium in infants were positively correlated to maternal plasma levels of calcium, iron and magnesium (r=0.517, 0.622, 0.518, respectively; P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe iron and calcium levels of preterm infants' mothers were lower than those of term infants' mothers, and the iron and magnesium levels of preterm infants were lower than those of term infants. The exact relationship between calcium, iron and magnesium levels and intakes before and during pregnancy needs to be explored further.

Calcium ; blood ; Calcium, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; blood ; Iron ; blood ; Iron, Dietary ; administration & dosage ; Magnesium ; administration & dosage ; blood ; Pregnancy ; blood

Hyaluronan (HA), a natural glycoaminoglycan featuring an extracellular matrix, has been suggested as an effective biocompatible material. In this study, the effectiveness of HA microparticles as a carrier system for antibiotics was evaluated, and their physicochemical characteristics were determined. Microparticles were fabricated by the gelation of sulfadiazine (SD) loaded HA solution with calcium chloride through either a granulation (GR-microparticles) or encapsulation (EN-microparticles) process, and atelocollagen was incorporated into the microparticles as an additive in order to improve their physical properties. The characteristics of the microparticles were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling test. In vitro release experiments were performed for 7 days and the released amount of SD was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Microscopic observations revealed that the collagen incorporated HA particles had a more compact surface than the HA particles. DSC analysis determined a loss of SD crystallinity in the particles. Calcium chloride retarded the swelling of particles, whereas the loaded drug contents did not affect this property. Both GR-and EN-microparticles sustained SD release with initial bursting effect. SD release from EN-microparticles was faster than from GR- microparticles. In addition, the release rate was dependent on the SD content in the microparticles. These results suggest that collagen modified HA microparticles have a potential as a release rate controlling material for crystalline drugs such as SD.
Antibiotics/*administration & dosage ; Calcium Chloride/pharmacology ; Collagen/*pharmacology ; *Drug Carriers ; Hyaluronic Acid/*administration & dosage ; Sulfadiazine/administration & dosage

We report a case of calcinosis cutis following administration of 10% calcium gluconate, used for the treatment of a hypocalcemic seizure in a 5-week-old neonate. After administration of 10% calcium gluconate, subcutaneous induration developed at the infusion site. The histopathological findings taken from the dorsum of the left foot showed multiple foci of calcium deposits with infiltration of epitheloid histiocytes between collagen bundles and foreign body giant cells phagocyting calcific granules throughout the reticular dermis and subcutis.
Administration, Intravenous* ; Calcinosis* ; Calcium Gluconate* ; Calcium* ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Foot ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Seizures

OBJECTIVETo investigate the degradation of electrodeposited calcium phosphate (ECP) coating and calcium phosphate/chitosan (ECPC) coating in vitro.

METHODSOsteoclasts were isolated from neonatal rabbit long bone cavities and incubated with ECP and ECPC coatings. Calcium ion concentrations in the culture medium were analyzed at 3 days and 6 days. The osteoclastic resorption was observed with scanning electron microscope.

RESULTSBoth coatings demonstrated osteoclastic resorption lacunae. The calcium ion concentrations of the culture mediums were decreased when incubated with calcium phosphate coatings (P < 0.05). Compared with coatings cultured with osteoclasts, the calcium ion concentrations of those cultured without osteoclasts were higher on day 3 (P > 0.05) but lower on day 6 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBoth ECP and ECPC coatings can be resorbed by osteoclasts in vitro and can dissolve in the culture medium.

Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chitosan ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; Dental Alloys ; Electrochemistry ; Osteoclasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rabbits

Iatrogenic calcinosis cutis is due to the intravenous administration of calcium gluconate or calcium chloride to treat hypocalcemia. The arthors report three cases of calcinosis cutis with calcifications involving the upper or lower extremities in neonates following the extravasation of calcium gluconate. Three neonates, a 2-week-old girl, 4-week-old boy, and a 4-week-old girl, were consulted for indurated nodules after the intravenous administration of calcium gluconate at the intensive care unit. Complete remission of palpable nodule and calcification was observed on the radiograph at three weeks, four weeks and six months after the initial presentation in each. All three neonates with iatrogenic calcinosis curtis were resolved spontaneously without functional and cosmetic complications. According to enhancement of the patient's cognition about benign disease, a suitable explanation of the disease and avoiding unnecessary treatment through an early diagnosis of iatrogenic calcinosis cutis will reduce a number of potential medical malpractice disputes.
Administration, Intravenous ; Calcinosis ; Calcium Chloride ; Calcium Gluconate ; Calcium ; Cognition ; Dissent and Disputes ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Malpractice