AIM: To test the effect of ERK1/2 on ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in diabetic rat hearts. METHODS: The diabetic rat model was made with alloxan. After eight weeks, 24 rats were divided into 4 groups: non-diabetic IPC rats (group A); non-diabetic non-IPC rats (group B); diabetic IPC rats (group C); diabetic non-IPC rats (group D). ECGⅡ lead, left ventricular development pressure (LVDP), and first derivative of LVDP ~(?dp/dt_~max ) were recorded. Myocardial phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) was detected by Western-blotting. RESULTS: (1) The ventricular arrythmia score was significantly lower in group A than that in group C (P

Objective:To validate an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for the quantification of rhCNB in long-tailed macaque sera.Methods: The linear,sensitivity,accuracy,precision and recovery were determined using ELISA.Results:The present ELISA method had high linearity within 0.195 ng/ml-12.5 ng/ml,the working curve of rhCNB was Y=15.1X-0.26, R2=0.996 8 , the method showed good sensitivity of 0.195 ng/ml, the accuracy were in the range of 91.9%-108.8%, and the Coefficient of variation ( CV) for inter-assay were 3.55%,1.39%and 4.71%,the intra-assay were 1.59%,3.2%and 3.8%,all less than 10%, the recoveries were in the range of 88.5% -108.3%, <110% .Thus the method was coincidence with requirement.Conclusion:Double antibody sandwich ELISA assay of rhCNB in long-tailed macaque sera has good sensitivity ,accuracy, precision and recovery and it can be used to measure rhCNB concentration in biological samples .

Mouse animal models are the most commonly used experimental tools in scientific research, which have been widely favored by researchers. The animal model of mouse leukemia appeared in the 1930s. During the past 90 years, researchers have developed various types of mouse leukemia models to simulate the development and treatment of human leukemia in order to promote effectively the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of leukemia' development and progression, as well as the development of targeted drugs for the treatment of leukemia. Considering that to myeloid leukemia, especially acute myeloid leukemia, there currently is no good clinical treatment, it is urgent to clarify its new molecular mechanism and develop new therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the various types of mouse models about myeloid leukemia used commonly in recent years, including mouse strains, myeloid leukemia cell types, and modeling methods, which are expected to provide a reference for relevant researchers to select animal models during myeloid leukemia research.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Mice

Objective:To discuss the research status and hotspots of Kaixin Powder.Methods:Literature about Kaixin Powder was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed and Web of Science databases from the establishment of the databases to January 10, 2023. CiteSpace 6.2.R2 and VOSviewer 1.6.16 software were used to visualize and analyze data on the types of literature included, source journals, publication volume, authors, institutions, keywords, etc.Results:Totally 235 articles were included, mainly Chinese journal article. There were 87 source journals involved, among the Chinese and English journals, China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica and J Ethnopharmacol published the most articles. The overall annual number of articles published in the Kaixin Powder showed an upward trend. It involved 505 authors, forming research teams with Liu Ping, Jiang Yanyan and others as the core; The authors of the included literature came from 99 research institutions, and the cooperation between institutions was mainly based on units with the same or similar geographical area, TCM universities and their affiliated hospitals. The data results of keyword co-occurrence clustering network, keyword co-occurrence time network and keyword emergence analysis showed that the composition of the main active components (ginsenosides, poria acid, fine octyl ethers, ketones and oligosaccharide esters), detection methods (high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass chromatography), pharmacological effects (anti-Alzheimer's disease, antidepressant), mechanism of action and clinical application of the combination were the current research hotspots and trends in development. Conclusion:The research of Kaixin Powder mostly focuses on the mechanism of action and clinical research of Alzheimer's disease, depression and other diseases, among which the research on the main active components in Kaixin Powder is a hot topic in recent years, while the development trend of pharmacological mechanism of action and clinical application is better, and the correlation between active components and efficacy may become a new hot direction in the research of Kaixin Powder.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Hedysarum polysaccharides （HPS） on the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway in db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy. MethodFifty db/db mice were randomly divided into model group， irbesartan group， and high， middle， and low-dose HPS experimental groups according to their body mass， with 10 mice in each group， and another 10 C57BL/6 mice were selected as a normal group. The normal group and the model group were given 5 mL·kg^-1·d^-1 distilled water， the irbesartan group was given 22.75 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 irbesartan suspension， and the high， middle， and low-dose HPS experimental groups were given 200， 100， and 50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 HPS suspensions， respectively. The mice in the 6 groups were given intragastric administration once a day for 12 weeks. The general state， blood glucose （GLU）， 24 h urine protein （UTP）， blood creatinine （SCr）， and urea nitrogen （BUN） of mice in each group were determined. The pathological changes in the kidney tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining （HE）. The protein and mRNA expression levels of Wnt1， β-catenin， glycogen synthesis kinase-3β （GSK-3β）， and phosphorylated GSK-3β （p-GSK-3β） in the kidney were detected by Western blot and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultAfter treatment for 12 weeks， as compared with the normal group， the general state of mice in the model group was worse and the pathological ultrastructural lesions of kidney tissues were obvious. The levels of GLU， 24 h UTP， SCr， and BUN in the model group increased （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the general state and renal pathological ultrastructure of mice in the high and middle-dose HPS groups were improved to some extent， and the levels of SCr， BUN， and 24 h UTP in the high and middle-dose HPS groups decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. As compared with the normal group， the expression levels of Wnt1， β-catenin， GSK-3β， and p-GSK-3β protein and mRNA in the model group were higher （P<0.01）， while the expression levels of Wnt1， β-catenin， GSK-3β， and p-GSK-3β protein and mRNA in the high and middle-dose HPS groups were lower than those in the model group （P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionHPS can alleviate the renal injury of diabetic nephropathy to some extent， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.

Diabetic nephropathy （DN）， as one of the common chronic microvascular complications of diabetes， has become the main cause of renal failure in end-stage renal disease in China， increasing the risks of renal dialysis and kidney transplantation in diabetes patients. It is the leading cause of death in people with diabetes. The latest research on DN has focused on the gene level. microRNAs （miRNAs） are a family of endogenous accessible short-chain non-coding RNA molecules. By acting on a particular target， they activate or inhibit its mediated signaling pathways and related molecules， playing an important role in the occurrence and development of DN. They have become microeconomic factors for the prevention and treatment of DN. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history in the diagnosis and treatment of DN and has unique advantages such as significant curative effect and few side effects. A large number of studies have proved that TCM can target miRNA to affect multiple signaling pathways， participate in the regulation of inflammatory response， pyroptosis， mesenchymal transdifferentiation， and other pathological changes， and delay the further development of DN. Therefore， this study discusses the biogenesis mechanism of miRNA and its action mechanism in disease-related signaling pathways based on TCM diagnosis and treatment approaches from the perspective of miRNA， and summarizes the effect of TCM targeting miRNA on the disease-related signaling pathways and on DN. Thus， this study is expected to provide a theoretical reference for exploring the progress of TCM intervention in DN from the perspective of genes.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Hedysari Radix polysaccharide （HRP） on the Janus kinase 2 （JAK2）/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein 3 （STAT3） signaling pathway in diabetic nephropathy db/db mice. MethodFifty db/db mice were randomly divided into model group， irbesartan group （irbesartan suspension， 22.75 mg·kg^-1）， and high-， medium-， and low-dose HRP groups （HRP suspension， 200， 100， 50 mg·kg^-1） according to the body weight， with 10 mice in each group. Another 10 C57BL/6 mice were assigned to the normal group. The mice were treated with corresponding drugs by gavage， while those in the normal group and the model group received distilled water at 5 mL·kg^-1. The mice in the six groups were administered once a day by gavage for 12 consecutive weeks. The uric acid （UA）， triglycerides （TG）， and total cholesterol （TC） were detected. Periodic acid-Schiff （PAS） staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes in kidney tissues. Western blot and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression levels of JAK2， STAT3， suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 （SOCS3）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in the kidney. ResultAfter 12 weeks of treatment， compared with the normal group， the model group showed significant pathological ultrastructural changes in kidney tissues and increased UA， TG， and TC levels （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the high- and medium-dose HRP groups and the irbesartan group showed improvement in pathological ultrastructure of kidney tissues and reduced UA， TG， and TC levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed a decrease in SOCS3 protein and mRNA expression levels and an increase in JAK2， STAT3， and TNF-α protein and mRNA expression levels （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the high- and medium-dose HRP groups and the irbesartan group showed an increase in SOCS3 protein and mRNA expression levels and a decrease in JAK2， STAT3， and TNF-α protein and mRNA expression levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionHRP can alleviate renal damage in diabetic nephropathy to a certain extent， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.