Objective:To establish the fingerprint analysis method for the aqueous extracts of Eucommia ulmoides from Enshi by HPLC. Methods:The fingerprint of aqueous extracts of ten batches of Eucommia ulmoides from Enshi were analyzed by HPLC. The columnwasWondaSilC18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm). Themobilephaseconsistedofacetonitrile-0.1% phosphoricacidwithgradient elution. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 , the detection wavelength was 230 nm, the column temperature was 25℃, and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The fingerprint consisted of 12 common peaks. The similarity range of ten batches of Eucommia ulmoides calculated by similarity evaluation system for the chromatographic fingerprint of TCM(Version 2004 A)was 0. 596-0. 997. The standard fingerprint of Eucommia ulmoides was established by HPLC. Conclusion: The established HPLC fingerprint analysis method for Eu-commia ulmoides from Enshi is simple, stable and reproducible, which can effectively control the quality of Eucommia ulmoides from Enshi.

Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) with fixed frequency, width and gradually increased peak value of voltage was applied to 30 healthy rabbit liver tissues. The specific aims were to explore the feasibility of establishing a model of in vivo PEFs distribution in healthy rabbit liver tissues and to provide important references for clinical electrochemotherapy and for electrotransfer. Repeated experiment and self-comparison statistics design were implemented. The rabbit underwent the experiment under intravenous anesthesia and their liver tissues, after exposure to PEFs, were sent for HE staining. Necrotic borderline was visible 3 days after PEFs application, the necrotic shape of concentric circle was evident around the electrodes under optical microscope at lower voltage, as voltage increasing, two necroses in the shape of concentric circle gradually enlarged; nuclei with chromatin condensation, fragmentation and lysis alterations were seen in the middle region between the needles; concentric circles changed into ellipse fusiform and finally overlaped each other forming irregular necrosis contours. Cell cavitation and tissues ischemia were also observed within electric field. The shape of tissue necrosis from the experiment was noted to correlate with theoretic simulation of electric field distribution. Therefore, rabbit liver tissues can be a good carrier for in vivo modeling of electric field distribution when the lethal effects of PEFs in tissues are investigated. PEFs also show safety for the surrounding normal tissue while causing damage or injury to the target area therapeutically.
Animals ; Electricity ; adverse effects ; Electrochemotherapy ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Models, Theoretical ; Necrosis ; Rabbits

This experiment was designed to study the apoptosis and related mechanism of adherent liver tumor cells (SMMC-7721) and adherent normal liver cells (HL-7702) when they were exposed to the steep pulse generated by the steep pulse apparatus for tumor treatment. The results showed that the steep pulse of 200 V could induce tumor cells apoptosis. The tumor cells presented with their apoptosis when they were exposed to the steep pulse from 200 V to 250 V. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to make a real time study of calcium burst when the adherent tumor cells were exposed to the steep pulse. The results showed:On the condition of no extracellular Ca2+, the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 150 V did not change; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 200 V decreased; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 250 V decreased more evidently. On the condition of existing extracellular Ca2+, the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 150 V did not change; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 200 V decreased little; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 250 V reduced little, too. Maybe the change of calcium burst in the tumor cells is the mechanism of apoptosis when cells are exposed to the steep pulse.
Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Electricity ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Based on multi-layer dielectric model of spherical biological cell, a simulating method of frequency characteristics of inner and outer membranes is presented in this paper. Frequency-domain analysis showed that inner and outer membranes subjected to pulsed electric field exhibit band-pass and low-pass filter characteristics, respectively. A calculating method of the transmembrane potential of inner and outer membranes induced by time-varying electric field was introduced, and the window effect between electric field and transmembrane potential was also analyzed. When the duration is reduced from microsecond to sub-microsecond, and to nanosecond, the target induced was from the outer membrane to inner membrane gradually. At the same time, the field intensity should be increased to induce corresponding bioelectric effects. Window effect provides theoretical guidance to choosing reasonable parameters for application of pulsatile electric field in tumor treatment.
Cell Membrane ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Computer Simulation ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Humans ; Membrane Potentials ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Models, Biological

In the light of optical theory, we advanc an ultra-wideband impulse radiating antenna (IRA) which is composed of an ellipsoidal reflector and a cone radiator. The high-intensity ultra-short electric pulses radiated by IRA can be transferred into the deep target in tissue non-invasively and be focused effectively. With the focused picosecond electric pulses, the organelles (mitochondria) transmembrane potential shall change to collapse under which the tumor cells will be targetly induced to apoptosis, so the method of non-invasive treatment of tumors would be achieved. Based on the time-domain electromagnetic field theory, the propagation characteristics of picosecond electric pulses were analyzed with and without the context of biological tissue, respectively. The results show that the impulse characteristics of input pulse were maintained and the picosecond electric pulses can keep high resolution in target areas. Meanwhile, because of the dispersive nature of medium, the pulse amplitude of the pulses will attenuate and the pulse width will be broadened.
Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; methods ; Electrodes ; Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Electroporation ; methods ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy

Experimental research of injury on tumor tissue in vitro is conducted with homemade energy-controllable steep pulse device. With the comparison of histological assay results between treatment group and non-treatment group, basic phenomenon of electrochemical reaction and pathology reaction of tumor tissue during the experiment is observed. The results showed the irreversible breakdown penetrating effect of energy-controllable steep pulse on tumor cells and the feasibility of this therapy are also demonstrated. These results provide a consolidate theoretic and applicable basis for further study on mechanism and animal experiment in vivo.
Electric Stimulation Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy

Objective:To explore the effects of problem-solving therapy on breastfeeding self-efficacy and psychological status among primiparas, to provide basis for improving the breastfeeding of primipara.Methods:A total of 102 primiparas were divided into experimental group and control group by random number table method, each group contained 51 cases. Finally, 47 cases in the experimental group and 49 cases in the control group completed the study. The control group received routine nursing, while primiparas in the experimental group carried out problem-solving therapy. Before and after 6-week intervention, the effects was assessed by Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and General Well-being Schedule (GWB), respectively.Results:After intervention, the scores of primapara feedig cognition, feeding feeling, feeding skills and BSES total scores were (21.13±2.97) points, (65.47±6.63) points, (31.94±2.59) points, (118.53±8.47) points in the experimental group, significantly higher than (19.43±3.28) points, (61.76±5.20) points, (30.53±2.01) points, (111.71±6.11) points in the control group ( t values were 2.658-4.507, P<0.01); the scores of EPDS were (6.04±1.49) points in the experimental group, significantly lower than (6.92±2.08) points in the control group; the scores of life satisfaction and interest, depression and pleasure, energy, relaxation and tension in General Well-Being (GWB) and total scores were (7.51±1.71) points, (20.19±2.47) points, (21.68±2.32) points, (17.06±2.74) points, (90.45±4.96) points in the experimental group, significanlty higher than (6.41±1.82) points, (18.71±2.98) points, (20.57±1.87) points, (15.78±1.79) points, (84.61±5.26) points in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 2.380-5.587, P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion:Problem-solving therapy can improve breastfeeding self-efficacy and alleviate postnatal depression as well as enhance subjective well-being of primipara women.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum residual lipoprotein cholesterol(RLP-C)and triglyceride glucose(TyG)index in postmenopausal type 2 diabetes(T2DM)patients.Methods A total of 389 postmenopausal T2DM patients who attended Ruili People's Hospital from May 2019 to May 2023 were included.RLP-C and TyG index were calculated,and the study subjects were divided into the low TyG index group(n=194)and the high TyG index group(n=195)based on the median of TyG index(9.23).Differences in general clinical data and metabolism-related indexes between the two groups of patients were compared,and Spearman rank correlation was performed to explore their correlation.Single-factor and multivariate Logistic regressions were used to explore their influencing factors,and ROC curve was used to analyze their diagnostic value.Results Compared with the low TyG index group,the history of hypertension(79.49%vs 70.62%),hyperlipidemia(22.05%vs 13.40%),hemoglobin(Hb)(120.34±19.96g/L vs 114.97±21.32g/L),fasting blood glucose(FBG)[3.97(3.03,5.10)mmol/L vs 3.64(2.99,4.74)mmol/L],total cholesterol(TC)[5.00(4.40,5.95)mmol/L vs 4.36(3.78,5.30)mmol/L],triacylglycerol(TG)[2.11(1.60,3.00)mmol/L vs 1.20(0.91,1.54)mmol/L],low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C)[[2.99(2.43,3.93)mmol/L vs 2.71(2.13,3.38)mmol/L],non-high-density lipoprotein(nonHDL-C)[3.94(3.22,4.82)mmol/L vs 3.15(2.53,3.94)mmol/L]and RLP-C concentration[0.76(0.52,1.08)mmol/L vs 0.44(0.29,0.59)mmol/L]of the high TyG index group were higher,while high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C)concentration was lower,and the differences were statistically significant(x2=4.09,4.99;t=-2.56;Z=-2.34,-5.15,-12.08,-3.04,-6.23,-9.15,-3.99,all P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that TyG in all samples was positively correlated with TC,TG,LDL-C,RLP-C and nonHDL-C(r=0.304,0.769,0.179,0.386,0.571,all P<0.001),but was negatively correlated with HDL-C(r=-0.306,P<0.001).The correlations between TyG and TC,LDL-C in the high TyG index group were not significant(all P>0.05).Single-actor logistic regression analysis showed that history of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,HDL-C,LDL-C,and RLP-C were the factors influencing TyG levels[OR(95%CI)=1.61(1.01～2.57),1.83(1.07～3.12),0.28(0.14～0.54),1.21(1.02～1.43),17.58(8.11～38.11),all P<0.05],while the multivariate regression analysis showed that only RLP-C was an independent risk factor for elevated TyG[OR(95%CI)=13.17(5.71～30.37),P<0.001).ROC curves showed that the AUC(95%CI)for the diagnosis of TyG index elevation by RLP-C was 0.768(95%CI:0.721～0.816),with the cutoffvalue of 0.59 mmol/L.The sensitivity and specificity were 69.71%and 75.77%,respectively.Conclusion RLP-C is an independent risk factor for elevated TyG in postmenopausal T2DM patients,which has some clinical value in predicting insulin resistance.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( Mp) in children undergoing physical examination. Methods:This study randomly enrolled 1 303 children at the age of 6-12 years who underwent physical examination in 2023. Their oral and pharyngeal swabs as well as venous blood samples were collected. The prevalence of Mp in these subjects was detected using isolation and culturing, nucleic acid detection and serological test. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:Among the 1 303 children, the detection rate of Mp was 4.1% (53/1 303) by culturing, 7.3% (95/1 303) by nucleic acid detection and 13.6% (177/1 303) by serological test. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the the detection rates of Mp among children undergoing physical examination between the three methods ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The detection rate of Mp in children undergoing physical examination in 2023 was about 4.1%. Isolation and culturing was more accurate than nucleic acid detection and serological test in the detection of Mp in healthy population as the latter two methods would overestimate the rate.

Objective:To investigate the changes of T1 and T2 values in residual liver after major liver resection in rats and the relationship with pathologic indices related to liver regeneration.Methods:Seventy healthy male Sprague Dawley rats, SPF grade, aged 7-8 weeks, weighting 250-280 g, were divided into MR scan group ( n=14) and pathologic analysis group ( n=56). The MR scan group was further divided into partial hepatectomy group ( n=7) and the sham operation group ( n=7). MRI T 1 mapping and T 2 mapping were performed before surgery and on day 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 after surgery. T1 and T2 values of liver parenchyma were measured. In the pathologic analysis group, 7 rats were randomly included at each time point before and after surgery for pathologic examination, the diameter and proliferative activity (Ki-67 indices) of hepatocytes were assessed. The changes of imaging and pathologic indices were observed, and the correlations between MR parameters and liver volume and pathologic indices were analyzed. Results:Both T1 and T2 values in liver parenchyma were increased on day 1 after surgery and reached their maximum values on day 2 ( P=0.005 and P<0.001, compared with baseline), then were gradually decreased, and recovered to the preoperative level on day 14 and 21 ( P>0.05), respectively. T2 value was correlated with hepatocyte diameter, liver volume and Ki-67 indices better ( r=0.640, -0.764, 0.765, respectively, all P<0.001). T1 value was correlated with hepatocyte diameter, liver volume and Ki-67 indices ( r=0.472, -0.481 and 0.444, all P<0.001). Conclusion:The T1 and T2 values of rats liver remnant parenchyma showed regular changes, and were correlated with liver regeneration indices, which reflect the microscopic changes of rat liver remnant parenchyma, and are expected to be used for quantitative monitoring of liver remnant regeneration.