Objective: To examine the mortality rate and relative factors associate with ventricular septal rupture in myocardial infarction patients. Methods: A total of 51 patients who suffered from myocardial infarction complicating with ventricular septal rupture received operative procedures between January 2005 and December 2018 in Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, were retrospectively analyzed. There were 34 males and 17 females, with an age of (63±8) years (range: 44 to 82 years). The time between ventricular septal rupture and surgical procedure was (44±39) days (range: 3 to 187 days). The t test and χ² test were used for univariate analysis, Logistics regression model was used for multivariate analysis of in-hospital mortality relative factors. Results: There were 8 patients dead in hospital, 43 patients survived, the overall mortality rate was 15.7% in hospital. The post-operation mortality rate was 2/3 of who suffered ventricular septal rupture and underwent operation within 1 week, but it′s markedly decreased to 6.5% if the time over 4 weeks. Univariate analysis showed that renal failure before operation, creatinine before operation, left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac function (New York Heart Association) grade Ⅳ, severe tricuspid regurgitation, dialysis post-operation, creatinine of the first day of post-operation, the time between and operation more than 4 weeks were in-hospital mortality relative factors. Multivariate analysis reflected that advanced age (OR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.05 to 1.75, P=0.033), cardiac function grade Ⅳ (OR=2.25, 95%CI: 1.62 to 2.82, P=0.003), severe tricuspid regurgitation (OR= 1.82, 95%CI: 1.31 to 2.43, P=0.001), renal failure before operation (OR=1.78, 95%CI: 1.26 to 2.32, P=0.015), the time between ventricular septal rupture and operation less than 1 week (OR=2.50, 95%CI: 1.52 to 2.98, P=0.012), were independent in-hospital mortality relative factors. Conclusions The surgery operation is an effective way to deal with ventricular septal rupture combined with myocardial infarction. The independent relative factors of in-hospital mortality are advanced age, cardiac function grade Ⅳ, renal failure before operation, severe tricuspid regurgitation, the time between ventricular septal rupture and operation less than 1 week.