Dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR) has been regarded as the gold standard for the treatment of nasal lacrimal duct obstruction for over a hundred years.Currently,the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction has grown along with the advances in endoscopic techniques developing and in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of lacrimal drainage.Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy,endolacrimal laser and intubation,lacrimal endoscopic recanalization and lacrimal bypass surgery have been employed to substitute for external DCR as treatment for nasolaerimal duct obstruction.The endoscope,laser and minimally invasive techniques provide higher successful rates with minimal wounds,lower rates of both recurrence and complications and allow quicker recovery after surgery.

Objective:To investigate the effect of IL-35 on inflammatory response and T cell response in allergic rhinitis.Methods: 37 patients(observation group) with allergic rhinitis and 35 healthy volunteers(control group) after allergen detection of allergic rhinitisin in our hospital from Jan 2012 to Jan 2016 were selected as study subjects.The peripheral blood of observation group and control group were collected,and the serum levels of IL-35 were detected by ELISA.The animal model of allergic rhinitis in mice was established,the peripheral blood of mice was collected,and the serum level of IL-35 and IgE were detected by ELISA.The eosinophils that infiltrated in nasal mucosa were detected after tissue biopsy in mice.The mouse spleen cells were isolated and the ovalbumin antigen was added in the culture medium,IL-35 was or was not added into the culture medium,the ovalbumin specific T cell responses was detected.The cytokines IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-10,IL-13,IL-17,IL-23,IL-27 and TNF-α in culture supernatant of ovalbumin specific T cells were detected by ELISA.The expression of IL-2,IL-4,IL-5,IL-10,IL-13,IL-17,IL-23,IL-27 and TNF-α in ovalbumin specific T cells were detected by Real-time PCR.The activation of JNK,Erk1/2 and p38 signal pathway in ovalbumin specific T cells were detected by Western blot.Results: The serum level of IL-35 in observation group was significantly lower than control group(P<0.05).The results showed that the number of eosinophils which infiltrated in AR mice nasal mucosa was significantly higher than normal mice(P<0.05),while the serum level of IL-35 in AR mice was significantly lower than normal mice(P<0.05).Ovalbumin specific T cell reactivity assay showed that IL-35 could significantly inhibit the T cell response.ELISA and Real-time PCR results showed that IL-35 could significantly down regulate the expression of IL-4,IL-5,IL-13,IL-17,IL-23 and TNF-α,and up regulate the expression of IL-2,IL-10 and IL-27.The Western blot results showed that IL-35 can inhibit the activation of JNK,Erk1/2 and p38 signal pathway of ovalbumin specific T in cells.Conclusion: IL-35 can regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory response and inhibit T cell response,thus reducing allergic rhinitis,the mechanism may be through regulation of JNK,Erk1/2 and p38 signal pathway activation.

In this paper, we present a new method which can reconstruct the three-dimensional model of nasolacrimal duct. We firstly resampled the volume data along nasolacrimal duct direction, then segmented the nasolacrimal duct into slices, and finally, completed the 3D reconstruction from the two-D contours. Using this method, we can not only reconstruct normal nasolacrimal duct, but also reconstruct catagmatic nasolacrimal duct. It overcomes the current shortcomings of some traditional methods. Consequently, the technology proposed is of great significance in computer aided technique and surgical planning related to ophthalmonogy.
Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

AIM: To detect unknown CD44 variants(CD44v) in nasopharyngeal cancer by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) to analyze the expression of cell adhesion protein CD44 gene in nasopharyngeal cancer tissue and cell lines.METHODS: Specific primers at up start code,down terminal code of CD44 and primers at the middle,splicing points of variable splicing exon v10 of CD44 were designed.cDNA of nasopharyngeal cancer tissues,5-8F and HNE1 cell lines were analyzed by RT-PCR.Products of RT-PCR were sequenced and further analyzed by bioinformatics.RESULTS: The new CD44v sequence possessed 1634 bp with a completed open reading frame.The start code was at 12 bp site and terminal code at 1301bp site.It was predicted to code 429 amino acids,and only variable splicing exon 10 existed in the flexible region.It was given an accessible number EF581837 by GenBank.CONCLUSION: A new CD44 variant predicted to code 429 amino acids exists in the studied nasopharyngeal cancer tissues and cell lines.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the biological activity of ellagic acid extracted from gallnut against nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its molecular mechanism. METHODS: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5-8F cells were treated with 2, 4, 6 μg/mL ellagic acid for 48 h in vitro. The cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were analyzed by MTT and Hoechst33258 stain. The cell cycle and protein expression were measured by flow cytometry and Western blot. RESULTS: Ellagic acid inhibited the proliferation of 5-8F cells. The inhibition rates were (29.35±4.95)%, (53.32 ±4.44)% and ( 61.75 + 6.93)%, respectively, with significant difference from the control group (P<0.01). S phase cells in the experimental groups were (25.47±0.74)%, (28.08±1.41)% and (35.49±0.66)%, respectively, with significant difference (P<0.01) from the control group (21.26±0.70)%. Cells in the experimental groups showed nuclear pyknosis, karyorrhexis and poptotic cell morphology. The expression of COX-2 and stathmin in 5-8F cells was down-regulated with increased drug concentration. CONCLUSION Ellagic acid extracted from gallnut has activity against nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, and its mechanism may be related to down-regulated expression of COX-2 and stathmin.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Ellagic Acid ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Stathmin ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of Ki67 and derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) in clinical outcomes of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods A total of 180 patients with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma confirmed by pathology from January 2011 to June 2015 in our hospital were enrolled.The neutrophil count and white blood cell count before radiotherapy and chemotherapy were collected,and dNLR was calculated.The positive rate of Ki67 in tumor tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry.The predictive values of Ki67 positive rate and dNLR on the overall survival (OS) rate and progression free survival (PFS) rate were evaluated.Results The 3-year OS rate prediction thresholds for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma by Ki67 and dNLR were 73.5％ and 2.21,respectively,which assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.The proportion of TNM Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage in patients with Ki67 ≥73.5％ was higher than that in Ki67 ＜ 73.5％ (100％ vs.89.7％,x2 =5.529,P =0.019);the proportion of T3-4 stage in dNLR ≥2.21 was higher than that in dNLR ＜ 2.21 (91.1％ vs.75.0％,x2 =6.228,P=0.013),and the proportion of TNM Ⅲ-Ⅳ stage in the dNLR≥2.21 group was higher than that in the dNLR ＜ 2.21 group (100％ vs.90.3％,x2 =4.355,P =0.037).Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that Ki67≥73.5％ (HR=3.011,95％CI:1.874-4.982,P＜0.001) and dNLR≥2.21 (HR =2.234,95％CI:1.274-3.382,P =0.001) were independent risk factors for OS in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma,while Ki67 ≥ 73.5％ (HR =2.842,95 ％ CI:2.055-4.337,P ＜ 0.001) and dNLR ≥ 2.21 (HR =2.086,95％ CI:1.452-2.983,P ＜0.001) were also independent risk factors for PFS in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Patients were divided into high-risk group,medium-risk group and low-risk group combined with Ki67 and dNLR,the 3-year OS rates were 20.0％,85.7％ and 95.3％ respectively,and the 3-year PFS rates were 12.0％,78.6％ and 89.4％ respectively,with statistical differences (x2 =15.521,P ＜ 0.001;x2 =15.849,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Ki67 and dNLR can effectively predict OS and PFS in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma,combined with Ki67 and dNLR can prognose stratification of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of specific immunotherapy by the nasal spray and/or sublingual contain on the regulation the balance of serum Th1/Th2 cell ratio, and the expression of total IgE (tIgE) level in perennial allergic rhinitis patients. METHOD: Thirty-six cases of allergic rhinitis of perennial (PAR) patients with nasal specific immunotherapy (nasal spray group) were chosen as the object of study, 36 PAR patients with sublingual specific immunotherapy (sublingual group) were chosen for the efficacy comparison group, and 32 cases of healthy adults as control (normal control group). The levels of serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-8 and tIgE in PAR nasal spray group and sublingual group were examined by IRMA and double-antibody sandwich assay before and after the treatment of specific immunotherapy (SIT); The content of IFN-gamma was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; The infiltration and changes of eosinophilic granulocyte were observed by the smear of nasal secretions. RESULT: In nasal spray group and sublingual group, the contents of serum Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma were reduced levels significantly, while the contents of Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-8 and tIgE were significantly increased before the treatment of SIT. After the SIT to the maintenance dose, the levels of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in serum were significantly higher than that before treatment, while IL-4, IL-8 and tIgE content were significantly lower in AR patients (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The clinical efficacy of nasal spray group and sublingual group were 97.22% and 94.44%, while the two groups was no statistical difference in efficacy (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION With the presence of Th1/Th2 cell ratio and cytokine imbalance, the AR patients manifested as Th2 cell function in accentuation. Nasal mucosa and/or sublingual in the local SIT can have changed no-balance Th1/Th2 cell of by regulating the balance of serum Th1/Th2 cell ratio, the expression level of cytokine expression and the level of tIgE.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cytokines ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Immunotherapy ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; blood ; immunology ; therapy ; Th1 Cells ; cytology ; Th2 Cells ; cytology ; Young Adult

Dacryocystitis is a common ophthalmic disease, and the main treatment of it is to abandon the obstructed nasolacrimal duct and create a new lacrimal drainage pathway through implanting a tube.For now, its pathogenesis is understood very limitedly.It is widely accepted that many factors take part in its occurrence, among which obstruction and infection play important roles.Recent researches have shown that there is lacrimal drainage-associated lymphoid tissue (LDALT) which changes remarkably in dacryocystitis, and significant differences in cytokines expression levels in tears between dacryocystitis patients and normal control have been found.In addition, the lacrimal duct has reactions similar to immune rejection to the silicone tube.All of these indicate that immune factors participate in the pathogenesis of dacryocystitis.Changes of immune tissue and macromolecular substances including the LDALT, cytokines, local tissue and cytokines after tube implantation were reviewed to analyze the changes and possible roles of immune factors in the pathogenesis of dacryocystitis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the prevalent species and the seasonal drift law of airborne fungi and respiratory allergic disease in the city of Wuhan. METHOD: Airborne fungi was investigated by exposed sides from 2007 to 2008, and 1674 patients with respiratory allergic disease that were used to do allergens skin test simultaneously, in order to analyze the simultaneous. RESULT: Airborne fungi could be detected in air all over the year. In 2007, the exposed films collected 26 734 fungi spores, and 686 other fungi (hypha and not well known fungi), to the sum of 27420. Otherwise, in 2008, the exposed films collected 26 531 fungi spores, and 730 other fungi, to the sum of 27 261. In the survey, 17 types of species of the collected fungi spores were identified, and the predominant species were alternaria sp, ustilaginales, deightoniella sp, uredinales, and the quantity of Fungi alternaria was most of all . And the peak period mainly concentrated from April to June, and from September to October. Otherwise, the positive rate of fungi skin test in patients with respiratory allergic disease was 10.48% in 2007, but 10.07% in 2008. The main period of onset of respiratory allergic disease was from April to June, and from September to October, similar as the seasonal drift law of airborne fungi. CONCLUSION The period of onset of respiratory allergic disease was consistent with the seasonal drift law of airborne fungi.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Air Microbiology ; Allergens ; immunology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Female ; Fungi ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycoses ; epidemiology ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity ; epidemiology ; immunology ; microbiology ; Young Adult

Objective:To analyze the influence of factors before initiation of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) on the prognosis of patients, so as to explore the intervention timing and improvement strategy of ECPR.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 29 patients who underwent ECPR in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan people's Hospital)from July 2018 to April 2021. Patients were divided into the survival group ( n = 13) and death group ( n = 16) according to whether they survived at discharge. The duration of conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CCPR), initial heart rate before ECPR, the ratio of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), and the ratio of transported cases outside the hospital were compared between the two groups. According to different CCPR time, the patients were divided into the ≤45 min group, 45-60 min group and >60 min group to compare the hospital survival and sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate . According to the location of cardiac arrest, the patients from emergency department and other department were divided to compare the survival of IHCA. Results:The total survival rate was 44.83%, the average duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was 114 (33.5, 142.5) h, and the average duration of CCPR time was 60 (44.5, 80) min. The duration of ECMO was longer in the survival group than in the death group ( P = 0.001). The duration of CCPR (the time from CPR to ECMO) in the survival group was significantly shorter than that in the death group ( P = 0.010). Patients with defibrillatory rhythm had higher hospital survival rate ( P = 0.010). OHCA patients had higher mortality than IHCA patients ( P = 0.020). Mortality of patients transferred from other hospitals was higher ( P = 0.025). Hospital survival and ROSC decreased in turn by CCPR duration ≤ 45 min, 45-60 min, and > 60 min ( P = 0.001). The location of CA occurrence had no impact on the hospital survival rate of IHCA patients ( P=0.54). Conclusions:Hospital survival of ECPR is higher than that of CCPR. ECPR is effective for refractory cardiac arrest. The prognosis of ECPR is significantly related to the duration of CCPR, initial heart rate, and location of CA. Education and team training should be strengthened to improve the survival rate of ECPR.