A total of 26 patients comprising 14 with delayed fracture healing and 12 with bone nonunion were treated via subperiosteum and fractured spatial injection of osteoblasts. Bone marrow was extracted from posterior superior lilac spine to obtain osteoblasts following in vitro induction, culture and amplification. Subsequently, 5-8 mL osteoblasts at a density of 1 ×105 cells/mL was sterilely injected into subperiosteum and fractured interspace in injured region using X-ray positioning. At 4, 6, 10 and 14 weeks after injection, callus formation was checked using X-ray. All cases followed up for 3-12 months, with the means of 5.3 months. Callus was formed after 4 weeks, fractured ends were wrapped up by callus after 6 weeks, and fracture line was unclear after 10 weeks and disappeared after 14 weeks. Bone fracture was healed, with the mean healing time of 12.1 weeks, suggesting that percutaneous subperiosteum injection of osteoblasts is an effective method to treat delayed fracture healing and bone nonunion.

Innate immunity is the front line of the antiviral immune response and the bridge to a-daptive immunity.Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)has evolved mul-tiple strategies to evade the host's innate immunity and thus establish persistent infections,which is one of the biggest obstacles to control PRRSV infection.In antiviral innate immunity,type Ⅰ in-terferons,interferon-stimulated genes(ISGs),and other antiviral proteins are the main perform-ers,cellular autophagy and programmed cell death are important components,noncoding RNAs are key regulators.Studies on evasion mechanisms of innate immune by PRRSV have emerged in re-cent years,greatly expanding our understandings of the PRRSV-host interaction network.In this paper,we outline the latest researches on PRRSV inhibition of type Ⅰ interferon production and its signaling transduction as well as antagonism of ISGs and other antiviral proteins,and focus on summarizing the researches on PRRSV evade the innate immunity through the modulation of cel-lular autophagy,programmed cell death,and non-coding RNAs,with a view to providing ideas for subsequent research and anti-PRRSV vaccine and drug development.

Objective: To explore the clinical application value of prognostic nutritional index(PNI) for predicting overall survival(OS) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: 123 patients with histologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled in this study, and their clinical and laboratory data were reviewed. The PNI was calculated as 10×serum albumin value+ 5×total lymphocyte countin peripheral blood.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the potential prognostic factors for advanced NSCLC. Results: PNI of the 123 NSCLC patients was 46.24±6.56. PNI was significantly associated with age, weight loss and pleural effusion (P<0.05). However, it showed no relationship with sex, smoking, hemoptysis, chest pain, dyspnea, histological type, clinical stage, and administration of chemotherapy (P>0.05). The median OS of the 123 patients was 19.5 months. The median OS in the higher PNI group (PNI≥46.24) and lower PNI group(PNI<46.24) were 25.2 months and 16.4 months, respectively.The 1-year survival rates were 80.6% and 63.9%, and 2-year survival rates were 54.8% and 19.6%, respectively (P<0.01). Univariate analysis showed that PNI, age, dyspnea, and weight loss were related to the OS of the advanced NSCLC patients (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified PNI as an independent prognostic factor for OS of advanced NSCLC (P<0.001). Conclusion PNI can be easily calculated, and may be used as a relatively new prognostic indicator for advanced NSCLC in clinical practice.