Objective:To investigate the interpersonal attribution style of the baccalaureate nursing female students(BNFS)and to explore the difference of attribution style between the female students majoring in clinic medicine and nursing.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out by using the Interpersonal Relationship Subscale of Multidimensional-Multiattributional Causality Scale by Lefcourt et al. 500 college female students,from clinic medicine and nursing science of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine, were recruited by using stratified random sampling.Results:The higher Grade, the higher Interpersonal Relationship Attribution Score (IRAS) of BNFS(44.7?7.8~50.8?9.5,45.9?8.0~51.2?7.9). There was no statistical difference in IRAS of the female students majoring in clinic medicine and nursing science (P=0.15～0.81), but the different Grades had statistical difference in IRAS(P

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading death cause of pulmonary diseases, ranking the fourth of global death causes. Self-management program is able to gradually improve the Airways of COPD patients with ventilation, reduce the degree of lung failure, elevate the health status as well as promoting self-efficacy, which is the key process to effectively control COPD relapse. In recent years, more and more domestic and foreign academic employ the widely-used network technology and carry out a large number of information study on COPD self-management intervention. This article reviewed literatures about the intervention methods on self-management of patients suffered from COPD, aimed at providing a better basis for exploring more effective self-management.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the current situation and developing trend of the drugs for schizophrenia in Guangdong Province.METHODS:The defined daily dose(DDD)system for drug utilization recommended by WHO was adopted.The data of antipsychotic consumption in44hospitals of Guangdong Province during the period2000～2002were col?lected and analysed.RESULTS:The sum of money of consumption of antipsychotics for schizophrenia in Guangdong Province was increasing year by year,and the use of the first generation antipsychotics was declining year by year and the second was increasing.CONCLUSION:The second generation antipsychotics for schizophrenia with good therapeutic effect,less ARDs will occupy the market of antipsychotics.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Chinese medical gargle on gingivitis of the patients wearing fixed appliance. Methods:60 gingivitis patients with fixed orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into chlorhexidine gargle group( CG group) and Chinese medical gargle group(CMG group)(n=30). Gingival index(GI) and sulcus bleeding index(SBI) in all patients were tested, then the patients were treated by scaling and curettage, and guided to use gargling with corresponding gargle 3 times a day for 14 d. GI and SBI were tested after 7 and 14 days respectively. Data were analysed. Results:After 7 d treatment, GI and SBI were decreased( P<0. 05) and there was no obvious difference between the 2 groups(P<0. 05). After 14 d treatment GI and SBI in CMG group de-creased more than those in CG group(P<0. 05). Conclusion:Chinese medical gargle is effective in the treatment of gingivitis of the patients during fixed orthodontic treatment.

Objective To develop a gas chromatographic (GC)method for simultaneously determination of benzyl alcohol,2-phenoxyethanol,methyl-p-hydroxy benzoate (PHBA-Me?雪,ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate(PHBA-Et?雪,isooropyl-p-hydroxybenzoate(PHBA-iPr?雪,propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate (PHBA-Pr),isobuty-p-hydroxy benzoate(PHBA-iBu)and butyl-p-hydroxy benzoate(PHBA-Bu)in cosmetics. Methods The 8 kinds of preservatives could be separated completely using the packed column and their peaks were not interfered by the other components in cosmetics. Results The detection limits of were 0.27,0.38,0.78,0.83,0.95,1.40,1.50 and 2.1ng respectively. The linear ranges of benzyl alcohol,2-phenoxyethanol and PHBA-iPr were 25-1 000 mg/L and the linear ranges of PHBA-Me?PHBA-Et?PHBA-Pr?PHBA-iBu and PHBA-Bu were 25-500 mg/L. The recoveries were between 92.6%-101.3% and the relative standard deviations(RSD)were between 2.31%-6.44%(n=6?雪. Conclusion The method was simple,rapid,sensitive and accurate. It was suitable for the detecting of preservatives in cosmetics.

Objective: To study the effects of dietary sodium propionate on cholesterol metabolism in finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 96 finishing pigs (Duroc?Landrance?Jia) were randomly alotted to four groups. The groups received the same basal corn-soybean meal diet and sodium propionate was added to the basal diet in the concentrations of 0.5、1.0、1.5 % at the expense of corn, respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, eight pigs from each treatment were slaughtered. Results: (1) Pigs supplemented with 1.0% and 1.5% sodium propionate had significantly lower serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and greater ratios of high density lipoprotein/low density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to the control. Pigs supplemented with 1.5% sodium propionate had significantly lower serum very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. (2) Supplementation with 1.0% and 1.5% sodium propionate significantly decreased the cholesterol content in liver and the activity of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. (3) Supplementation with sodium propionate had no significant effects on growth performance, colonic or serum short-chain acid concentrations, fecal cholesterol or bile acid excretion. Conclusion: Sodium propionate may decrease the activity of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase and suppress the synthesis of cholesterol.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of intermittent low-dosage intravenous (Ⅳ) cyelophosphamide (CTX) in treating lupus nephritis (LN) related chronic renal insufficiency. Methods Twelve patients with chronic renal insufficiency with azotemia caused by lupus nephritis received intermittent low-dosage eyclophosphamide therapy (200-400 mg/2～4 weeks) for 2 month to 5 years. We monitored their clinical outcomes and laboratory parameters changes. Results SLEDAI significantly decreased in all cases. Renal function was improved in varying grees. Nine cases had their renal function tests returned to normal range and another 3 cases were still in azotemia. No severe adverse effects occurred. Conclusion The treatment is effective and safe. But it is necessary to carry out large samples and long-term follow-up clinical studies to evaluate its effects on renal function changes.

Objective:To investigate the interpersonal attribution style,self-efficacy of the baccalaureate female nurs-ing students(BFNS) and to explore the relationship between attribution style and self-efficacy.Methods:113 BFNS from Hainan Medical College were investigated by the Interpersonal Relationship Subscale of Multidimensional-Multiattribu-tional Causality Scale by Lefcourt et al and the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES) by Ralf Sehwarzer.Results:The Inter-personal Relationship Attribution Score(IRAS) of BFNS was 41.02?11.38.There was no statistical difference in IRAS be-tween two grades(t=0.899,P=0.371).The BFNS's attribution sequence was ranked as effort,fortune,ability,and back-ground under the condition of interpersonal communication success;while it was fortune,ability,effort,background under the condition of failure.There was statistically significant difference between scores of GSES and the normal(t=-10.212,P= 0.000).Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were positive correlations between the self-efficacy and interperson-al attribution style.Conclusion:When the female nursing students' behavior is successful,there is show more tendency to internal attribution.On the contrary,when they fail,there is more tendency to external attribution.Self-efficacy interacts with interpersonal attribution style.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of divergence paralysis improve the diagnostic and therapeutic ability,and evaluate the effect of surgical and non-surgical treatment.Methods It was a retrospective case series study.11 cases with complete data,diagnosed and treated as divergence paralysis in Tianjin Eye Hospital from September 2014 to January 2016,were summarized.The observation items included general date,neurologica consultation,comprehensive eye examination,and the eye position and movement,deviation degree,binocular vision,AC / A,diplopia examination of pre-treatment and post-treatment.The patients were followed up from 3 months to 1.5 yeas,averaged 6.9 months.Results In our study,1 patient was MillerFisher syndrome,3 cases had a history of hypertension,and 1 case had the history of intaking sleeping pills for about 3 months.The rest of the patients denied the nervous system disease,cardiovascular disease and other medical history.All patients complained about uncrossed diplopia only at distance.All of the 11 patients had a sudden onset of their symptoms.Each patient was examined by same neurologist,meanwhile MRI or CT were performed.All the results showed normal.All patients had refractive error.The angle of esotropia for distance of 5 meters was from + 25 △ to + 55 △ and was from + 8 △ to + 40△ for near(33 cm)before treatment while changed into-4△ ～ + 12△ for distance (5m) and to-8△ ～ +8△ for near (33 cm) after treatment.The ratio of AC / A ranged from 1.3 to 4.0,with an average of 2.6.Conclusion The clinical characteristics of divergence paralysis are a greater angle of esotropia and ipsilateral diplopia.Lateral rectns resection and non-surgical treatment have better effects on the improvement of diplopia and esotropia.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of estrogen receptors (ER) in spleen of female BALB/c mice after injected with diethylstilbestrol (DES) beginning in neonatal period. Methods Neonatal female BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously on cervix-backside with DES within 24 hours after birth at intervals of 24 hours for 5 times. Control groups were injected with olive oil with the same method. Mice were killed on 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, 35 days and 49 days after birth separately, the spleen was taken out, imbedded with paraffin and sectioned serially in 5??m. The expression of ER in slice of spleen was detected by immunohistochemistry technique. Results ER positive cells were present in both DES-injected groups and control groups. ER positive cells were mostly lymphocytes. A correlation between age and the intensity of positive reactions was showed in both groups. The intensity of ER immunohistochemistry positive reaction in DES group was much stronger than that in control group, and there was a significant statistic difference between the two groups. Conclusion The ER expression exists in spleen of female BALB/c mice and increases with the age of mice. The contact of DES in neonatal female BALB/c mice will lead to an increased ER expression in their spleens and this effect can continue to their manhood at least.